Developing a 150 ka luminescence chronology for the barrier dunes of the southern Cape, South Africa     

A.S. Carr  M.D. Bateman  P.J. Holmes 《Quaternary Geochronology》2007,2(1-4):110-116

The southern coastline of South Africa exhibits extensive aeolianites and spectacular barrier dunes; the ages and palaeoenvironmental significance of which have, until recently, received limited attention. We present preliminary results for samples taken from a single 6.5 m section in the seaward barrier dune near to the town of Wilderness. The reliability of these ages has been investigated using a series of dose recovery and pulsed irradiation experiments, as well as through analyses of single aliquot and single grain D_e distributions. Results indicate that the SAR protocol is providing accurate and precise D_e determinations and that adequate sensitivity correction is being made. The application of pulsed irradiations does not result in significant changes in the dose–response curves or averaged D_e's. Single grain D_e distributions are broad, with significant levels of overdispersion, which may reflect beta dose heterogeneity effects.

Peaks in aeolian activity date to 157–154 and 140–125 ka, with a slower rate of deposition recorded from 115 to 85 ka. Brief phases at 40 and 21 ka are also identified. Some ages, notably those from OIS 3 and OIS 2, are surprising from a geomorphological perspective, given the likely distance of the dune from the shoreline at such times, although they are not inconsistent with evidence from the east coast of South Africa. The results reveal multiple phases of Late Quaternary barrier dune accumulation, and suggest that aeolian activity in this region has been episodic and potentially more complex than previously thought.  相似文献   

On the sand surface stability in the southern part of Gurbantünggüt Desert     

Wang?Xueqin?Email author  Tao?Wang  Jin?Jiang  Congju?Zhao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(6):778-785

Longitudinal dunes are the most widespread dune types in the world sand seas but comprehensive study on the sand surface stability is scarce. The southern part of Gürbantünggüt Desert is mainly covered by longitudinal dune in which fixed and semi-fixed dunes occupy over 80% of the total area. Systematic analysis on the climatic conditions, the soil moisture and vegetation distributions, and the sand surface activities showed that the fixed and semi-fixed dunes are in a comprehensive low-energy wind environment. Snow cover and frozen soil provide a good protection to the ground surface in winter. The temporal distribution of precipitation and corresponding variation of temperature create a favorable condition for the desert plants growth, especially for the ephemeral plants. The occurrence of effective winds for sand moving in April to June coincides with the stage of relatively wet sand surface and good vegetation cover, which effectively keep the sand surface stable at the interdune and the plinth of the dunes. Activity sand surface appears only at the crest and the upper part of the sand dunes.  相似文献   

Valley-marginal sand dunes in the south-west Kalahari: their nature, classification and possible origins   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Joanna E. Bullard  David J. Nash 《Journal of Arid Environments》2000,45(4):369

This paper considers the nature, classification and possible origin of a variety of desert sand dunes which occur in association with ephemeral drainage features in the south-west Kalahari. The dune forms, which we term valley-marginal dunes, are found at the top of valley flanks, and are narrow, elongate forms with arcuate and straight planform elements which mirror the course of extant and ancient channels. Following a discussion of the major schemes used to classify different dune types, we describe the morphology and situation of these valley-marginal dunes. We suggest that whilst the basic morphometry of these dunes is similar to many other dune types, the topographic setting in which they occur is relatively unusual. We conclude that valley-marginal dunes are a previously unrecognized landform which cannot be fitted into current classificatory schemes. It is suggested that one reason for this may be the lack of an explicit temporal dimension in most dune classifications.  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物分布及其沙面稳定意义   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

王雪芹  蒋进  雷加强  ZHANG Weimin  QIAN Yibing 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(3):323-330

Based on systematically monitoring plants on dune ridges in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert in 2002, this paper, from the angle of dune stabilization by vegetation,describes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of ephemeral plants on isolated sand dunes,analyses the natural invasion processes of ephemeral plants on human-disturbed sand surface and expounds the importance of ephemeral plants in stabilizing sand dune surface. A total of 45 plant species were identified in the study area, 29 of which are ephemeral plants. Ephemeral plants sprouted in early April and completed their life-circle within about two months. Just as aeolian sand activities came to the strongest stage from April to June in desert regions of northern Xinjiang, the total coverage of trees, shrubs and herbs of long vegetational period on most dune ridges was less than 10%, while the mean coverage of ephemeral plants reached 13.9% in April, 40.2% in May and 14.1% in June. Therefore ephemeral plants acted as the major contributor to dune surface stabilization in the Gurbantunggut Desert.Investigations of vegetation restoration on engineering-disturbed dune surface show that ephemeral plants first recolonized the disturbed dune surface.  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物分布 及其沙面稳定意义   总被引：64，自引：1，他引：63  

王雪芹  蒋进  雷加强  张伟民  钱亦兵 《地理学报》2003,58(4):598-605

从植被稳定沙面的角度出发,通过2002年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄表面植物种类、高度和盖度等的系统监测,阐明短命植物在单个沙丘上的时空分布规律。并对气象资料和人类活动扰动沙面后短命植物的自然侵入等进行综合分析,探讨沙面稳定中短命植物的重要作用。研究区总计有45种植物,其中短命植物29种。4月初短命植物萌动出土,在两个月左右的时间完成整个生长发育过程。4、5、6三个月正是北疆沙漠风沙活动强盛期,大部分沙垄表面乔灌木和长营养期草本植物盖度不足10%,而短命植物盖度则分别达到13.9%、40.2% 和14.1%,是古尔班通古特沙漠植被稳定沙面的主要贡献者。对工程行为扰动沙面后的植物恢复调查显示,短命植物是首先入侵的先锋植物。  相似文献   

多功能高分子固沙剂流动沙丘固定试验研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张松林  田侠  赵首彩  董庆士  张锦春 《中国沙漠》2005,25(3):450-452

试验选择在甘肃省武威市民勤县绿洲外缘与沙漠交接地带,应用多功能高分子固沙剂进行流动沙丘固定试验研究。结果显示,在试验区斜坡下部,除草试验区比对照区结皮厚度增大81.25%,未除草试验区结皮比对照厚度增加32.25%,固沙结皮区比无结皮区抗风蚀,至今固沙结皮依然存在;未除草有结皮时固沙试验区0~80cm各层平均含水率均比对照区高,其中土层平均含水率比对照区高76.27%。实验证明施用试剂不仅固沙效果非常明显,而且在不除草时对土壤水分有很好的保持效果。  相似文献   

A field study of mean and turbulent flow characteristics upwind,over and downwind of barchan dunes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matthew C. Baddock  Giles F. S. Wiggs  Ian Livingstone 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(11):1435-1448

Field‐measured patterns of mean velocity and turbulent airflow are reported for isolated barchan dunes. Turbulence was sampled using a high frequency sonic anemometer, deriving near‐surface Reynolds shear and normal stresses. Measurements upwind of and over a crest‐brink separated barchan indicated that shear stress was sustained despite a velocity reduction at the dune toe. The mapped streamline angles and enhanced turbulent intensities suggest the effects of positive streamline curvature are responsible for this maintenance of shear stress. This field evidence supports an existing model for dune morphodynamics based on wind tunnel turbulence measurements. Downwind, the effect of different dune profiles on flow re‐attachment and recovery was apparent. With transverse incident flow, a re‐attachment length between 2·3 and 5·0h (h is dune brink height) existed for a crest‐brink separated dune and 6·5 to 8·6h for a crest‐brink coincident dune. The lee side shear layer produced elevated turbulent stresses immediately downwind of both dunes, and a decrease in turbulence with distance characterized flow recovery. Recovery of mean velocity for the crest‐brink separated dune occurred over a distance 6·5h shorter than the crest‐brink coincident form. As the application of sonic anemometers in aeolian geomorphology is relatively new, there is debate concerning the suitability of processing their data in relation to dune surface and streamline angle. This paper demonstrates the effect on Reynolds stresses of mathematically correcting data to the local streamline over varying dune slope. Where the streamline angle was closely related to the surface (windward slope), time‐averaged shear stress agreed best with previous wind tunnel findings when data were rotated along streamlines. In the close lee, however, the angle of downwardly projected (separated) flow was not aligned with the flat ground surface. Here, shear stress appeared to be underestimated by streamline correction, and corrected shear stress values were less than half of those uncorrected. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

云南丽江古近纪风成沉积的发现及其气候意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

伍皓  崔晓庄  熊国庆  张予杰  江新胜 《沉积与特提斯地质》2011,31(1):13-18

云南丽江地区宝相寺组（E2b）下部（原美乐组）一直被认为是水成沉积,本文认为其属于风成沉积。宝相寺组下部巨厚砂岩的主体岩性为紫红色中细粒石英砂岩,不含泥质和云母等悬移质,大型高角度平板状交错层理发育,厚度巨大,风成沙丘前积层特征明显。石英砂的磨圆度高,在电子显微镜下普遍可见风成砂所特有的碟形撞击坑、新月型撞击坑及毛玻璃化表面等特征,可能为沙漠风成沙丘沉积。研究区古近纪以来的沉积特征表明,青藏高原东部的气候经历了一个由干旱到潮湿的重大转变。推测这种气候转变可能是始新世、渐新世之交全球变冷变干事件（EOGM）在青藏高原东部的沉积响应,也可能与青藏高原初次快速隆升及东亚古季风的开始形成有关。  相似文献   

3S技术在抛物线沙丘形态特征研究中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杜会石  哈斯  吴霞  杨一  额日敦同拉嘎 《地理与地理信息科学》2011,27(5)

3S技术的发展为风沙地貌研究提供了新的方法和强有力的技术支持。基于GIS平台,利用差分GPS实测数据,通过空间插值生成DEM,可有效提取地形因子和形态参数,实现风沙地貌三维形态特征的定量化研究;结合高分辨率遥感影像,不但可以提取风沙地貌二维形态特征,还可以提取植被覆盖信息。该文以内蒙古库布齐沙漠典型抛物线沙丘为研究对象,探讨3S技术在沙丘形态特征研究中的应用,结果表明:该区沙丘平面形态呈U型,丘臂指向W;纵剖面上迎风坡较缓、背风坡较陡,横剖面不对称;沙脊线所夹中轴线走向为WNW-ESE,反映了盛行风或合成输沙方向;油蒿灌丛分布在背风坡、两翼及其间平坦地;在长期合成风的作用下,沙丘向前移动,丘臂间的油蒿灌丛发生阶段性的弧带状自然恢复。  相似文献   

Morphometric analysis of slipface processes of an aeolian dune: Implications for grain‐flow dynamics     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):2034-2054

Grain flows are an integral part of sand dune migration; they are a direct response to the local wind regime and reflect complex interactions between localized over‐steepening of a dune slipface and complex turbulent airflow on the lee slope. Grain flows are primarily responsible for delivering sediment to the base of a dune, thus driving slipface advancement; yet, there are few constraints on their morphological and spatial characteristics or the amount of sediment that is redistributed by these flows. Using a combination of high‐resolution terrestrial laser scanning and video recordings, four distinct grain‐flow types are identified based on morphology and area on a dune slipface. Grain‐flow morphologies range from small, superficial flows to larger flows that affect greater portions of the slipface, moving significant amounts of sediment. Detailed field observations are presented of the dynamics of lee slopes, including measurements of the initiation location, thickness, magnitude and frequency statistics of grain flows, as well as volume estimates of redistributed sediment for each grain flow observed. High‐resolution laser scans enable accurate quantification of bulk sediment transfer from individual grain flows and can be used to study grain flows in a variety of environments. A categorization of grain‐flow morphologies is presented that links styles of flows with wind strength and direction, turbulent airflow, sediment deposition and environment.  相似文献