塔里木沙漠石油公路沿线沙丘移动规律   总被引：23，自引：7，他引：16  

董治宝  陈广庭  颜长珍  韩致文  王训民 《中国沙漠》1998,18(4):328-333

通过对肖塘南2km试验路段100m×100m沙丘移动监测区1991年10月、1992年10月及1993年10月的3次详测,总体上可以认为,沙丘各几何形态参数间存在着较好的相关性。但限于沙源供应不足,沙丘发育具有不成熟性,从而使有些沙丘几何形态参数间不存在理论上应具有的相关性。沙丘高度与宽度有较好的线性正相关关系,与底面积及体积存在较好的指数正相关关系。从而可以认为,沙丘高度是反映沙丘形成、规模及发育程度的较好示量指征。沙丘移动方向随主风向的改变而改变,并与落沙坡方向有明显的不一致性。沙丘移动强度与高度、底面积成线性负相关关系,而与体积成指数负相关关系。在不同时期,上述关系可用相似的多元线性方程表示。沙丘前移过程中,沙丘形态既有由不成熟到成熟的正向演变又有由成熟向不成熟的逆向演变过程。  相似文献   

Gravel dispersion on a granite pediment (East Mojave Desert,California): a short-term look at erosional processes     

S. B. Edinger-Marshall  L. J. Lund 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(4):349-359

Hypotheses about the influence of surface shape, landscape unit and vegetation cover on gravel dispersion were tested on a shallowly dissected portion of a low-sloping granite pediment in the East Mojave Desert of California. Painted gravels (2 to 20 mm diameter) were placed at 117 nodes on a 6m × 3m grid. Gravel movements were recorded after 9.7 cm of precipitation over a four-month period. Vectors indicating the magnitude and direction of gravel movement were longest for summits (24 cm, 34 nodes observed) and shortest for backslopes (14 cm, 27 nodes observed). Gravels beneath shrub canopies were protected significantly from rainsplash transport. To describe dispersion symmetry, eccentricity values were calculated using a ratio of variances of major and minor axes of an ellipse. Mean eccentricity values ranged from about 3 to 250 with dispersion on summits being the most symmetrical and dispersion in washes being the most elongated. Erosion is the most important soil- and pediment-modifying process at upper elevations of the Granite Cove Pediment which is cut off from sediment additions because of washes incised at the base of the mountain front. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Flow behaviour,suspended sediment transport and transmission losses in a small (sub‐bank‐full) flow event in an Australian desert stream     

David Dunkerley  Kate Brown 《水文研究》1999,13(11):1577-1588

The behaviour of a discrete sub‐bank‐full flow event in a small desert stream in western NSW, Australia, is analysed from direct observation and sediment sampling during the flow event and from later channel surveys. The flow event, the result of an isolated afternoon thunderstorm, had a peak discharge of 9 m³/s at an upstream station. Transmission loss totally consumed the flow over the following 7·6 km. Suspended sediment concentration was highest at the flow front (not the discharge peak) and declined linearly with the log of time since passage of the flow front, regardless of discharge variation. The transmission loss responsible for the waning and eventual cessation of flow occurred at a mean rate of 13.2% per km. This is quite rapid, and is more than twice the corresponding figure for bank‐full flows estimated by Dunkerley (1992) on the same stream system. It is proposed that transmission losses in ephemeral streams of the kind studied may be minimized in flows near bank‐full stage, and be higher in both sub‐bank‐full and overbank flows. Factors contributing to enhanced flow loss in the sub‐bank‐full flow studied included abstractions of flow to pools, scour holes and other low points along the channel, and overflow abstractions into channel filaments that did not rejoin the main flow. On the other hand, losses were curtailed by the shallow depth of banks wetted and by extensive mud drapes that were set down over sand bars and other porous channel materials during the flow. Thus, in contrast with the relatively regular pattern of transmission loss inferred from large floods, losses from low flows exhibit marked spatial variability and depend to a considerable extent on streamwise variations in channel geometry, in addition to the depth and porosity of channel perimeter sediments. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

大直径顶管穿越沙漠深部护壁浆液体系研究与应用     

王李昌 《地质与勘探》2020,56(1):163-172

大直径顶管穿越沙漠深部顶进阻力大、地层稳定性差、易垮塌、冒顶、护壁困难,砂层多夹有最大直径达4 cm的圆砾,管道最大埋深达50 m,国内外尚无顶管护壁浆液能有效稳定深部砂层降低顶进阻力。本文提出粘土-CMC聚合物浆液用作沙漠深部大直径顶管护壁,探讨浆液护壁及渗透机理,研究浆液性能随材料加量变化的关系,重点分析流变性、失水造壁性、润滑性的变化规律,得出浆液最优化配比。工程应用表明,该护壁浆液能有效稳定砂层,保护隧洞,降低顶进阻力,大直径顶管成功穿越沙漠深部,最大轴线偏差未超过50 mm,顶力未出现急速增长。  相似文献   

Controls on Early Cretaceous desert sediment provenance in south-west Gondwana,Botucatu Formation (Brazil and Uruguay)     

Gabriel Bertolini  Juliana C. Marques  Adrian J. Hartley  Atila A. S. Da-Rosa  Claiton M. S. Scherer  Miguel A. S. Basei  José C. Frantz 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2672-2690

The Lower Cretaceous Botucatu Formation records the development of widespread dry–aeolian desert sedimentation throughout the Paraná Basin in south-west Gondwana. To reconstruct the provenance of the aeolian sediment, petrography, granulometric analysis, U-Pb detrital zircon ages have been determined from along the southern basin margin in Rio Grande do Sul state (southern Brazil) and Uruguay (Tacuarembó region). The dataset reveals a mean composition Qt₈₉F₈L₃, comprising very fine to medium-grained quartozose and feldspatho-quartzose framework. Heavy mineral analysis reveals an overall dominance of zircon, tourmaline and rutile grains (mean ZTR_0.84) with sporadic garnet, epidote and pyrolusite occurrences. The detrital zircon U-Pb ages are dominated by Cambrian to Neoproterozoic (515 to 650 Ma), Tonian to Stenian (900 to 1250 Ma) and Orosirian to Rhyacian (1.8 to 2.2 Ga) material. The detrital zircon dataset demonstrates a significant lateral variation in sediment provenance: Cambrian to Neoproterozoic detrital zircons dominate in the east, while Tonian to Stenian and Orosirian to Rhyacian ages predominate in the west of the study area. Sandstones are quartz-rich with dominantly durable zircon, tourmaline and rutile heavy mineral suite, with subtle but statistically significant along-strike differences in heavy mineral populations and detrital mineralogy which are thought to record local sediment input points into the aeolian system. The similar age spectra of Botucatu desert with proximal Paraná Basin units, the predominance of quartzose, and zircon, tourmaline and rutile components, suggests that recycling is the mechanism responsible for the erg feeding.  相似文献   

A high magnitude storm and flood in a hyperarid catchment,Nahal Zin,Negev Desert,Israel     

Noam Greenbaum  Adina Margalit  Asher P. Schick  David Sharon  Victor R. Baker 《水文研究》1998,12(1):1-23

In October 1991 a high magnitude rainstorm flood, estimated return period 40 years, occurred in Nahal Zin, a 1400 km² catchment in the hyperarid Negev Desert. The meso-scale structure of the storm was a curved squall line that developed from a thunderstorm in accordance with the topography of the catchment divide, by which it was strongly affected. Tropical moisture reached the area via the subtropical jet stream, in conjunction with a lower level northward intrusion of the Red Sea trough (RST-N) into the Mediterranean Sea. Rainfall, as measured at the few and sparse gauging stations, was much too small to account for the resulting large flood. Peak flow and other hydraulic characteristics of the flood were indirectly reconstructed. The techniques of palaeoflood hydrology used were based on sedimentological evidence of fine-grained flood sediments deposited in back-flooded tributaries, as well as on other stage indicators. The HEC-2 procedure was employed to determine water surface profiles. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the event were studied through a combination of rainstorm analysis, remote sensing, hydrological and sedimentological data; they jointly explain the magnitude and timing of tributary contributions producing the integrated flood in the main channel. The flood as reconstructed reveals a three-peak hydrograph: two peaks were generated by the same storm but had different floodwave arrival times in the main channel; the third resulted from a local rainstorm which occurred on the following day and covered only one tributary. The curved structure of the storm and its dynamics in relation to catchment orientation resulted in storm move- ment in tandem with the floodwave. The synchronous contribution from all main tributaries preserved evidence of the floodwave both in stage and volume by replacing the transmission losses in the sections with thick alluvium. Other high magnitude floods on record for the large Negev Desert catchments are caused by a cold upper air incursion associated with the RST-N. Most of them occur in the autumn and are caused by storms with high-intensity rainfall. This is in stark contrast with the flooding behaviour of the semi-arid zone further north, which is linked primarily to the core of the Mediterranean winter. The complexities involved in the generation of a large desert flood, as revealed by this study, illustrate the fallacy of applying routine hydrological modelling to such events, and underline the need to study the processes involved in adequate detail. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

相似优先比法研究巴丹吉林沙漠及周边地区地下水补给   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

赵霞  陈建生 《湖泊科学》2006,18(4):407-413

位于中国内蒙古西部的巴丹吉林沙漠东部存在高大固定沙丘与湖泊共存的景观,湖泊中存在上升泉,且沙丘内部潮湿．沙漠以北的拐子湖和古日乃草原也有上升泉的出现．本文采用聚类分析中的相似优先比法结合水化学因素对巴丹吉林沙漠及其周边地区不同地点的水样进行分析,由此得出祁连山上的冰川融水与沙漠湖泊及以北地区的地下水相关性良好．  相似文献   

宁夏固原古近系寺口子组砂岩成因探讨^*          下载免费PDF全文

杨帆  李孝泽 《古地理学报》2017,19(3):445-456

宁夏固原寺口子组砂岩是中国古近纪内陆古环境研究的重要载体。通过岩性、沉积构造、石英颗粒表面微结构和粒度分布特征研究,对其成因进行了深入探讨。结果表明,古近系寺口子组砂岩由3个成因段构成:段Ⅰ为河流相沉积;段Ⅱ,即砂岩主体,为典型风成砂岩,沉积环境为风成沙丘和丘间地;段Ⅲ,初步推断其为湖相沉积。结合中国古近纪气候背景、研究区域地形条件及古风向,推断寺口子组砂岩主体风成沉积为行星风系控制下的沙漠沉积。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地晴天与沙尘暴天气大气边界层对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

张建涛  王敏仲  何清  王延慧  潘红林  张志新 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2024,18(1):50-58

根据2017、2019年7月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地GPS探空和地面观测数据,利用位温廓线法等方法,对比分析了沙漠腹地夏季晴天和沙尘暴天气大气边界层结构变化特征。结果表明：晴天和沙尘暴天气大气边界层结构特征显著不同。晴天大气边界层各气象要素垂直分布较为均一,白天对流边界层深厚,高度接近5 km,夜间稳定边界层一般在500 m左右。沙尘暴天气边界层内位温和比湿垂直变化较小,风速较大,可达24.0 m/s,其白天对流边界层在1.5 km左右,夜间稳定边界层在1 km左右。晴天辐射强烈,地表升温迅速,湍流旺盛,是形成晴天深厚对流边界层的主要因素。大尺度天气系统冷平流的动力条件,以及云和沙尘减弱了到达地表的辐射强度是形成沙尘暴天气独特的大气边界层结构的主要因素。  相似文献   

干旱生态系统净初级生产力估算及变化探测     

张杰  潘晓玲  高志强  SHI Qingdong  LV Guanghui 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(3):315-325

1 Introduction Arid western China stretches from west of Helan Mountains to south of the piedmont of Kunlun Mountains, covering about 2.50×106 km2 or 26.08% of the total territorial area of China. Its unique geographic location in the hinterland of Euras…  相似文献