江苏省流动人口城—镇—乡分布的时空分异与影响因素     

汤爽爽  周婧  邓颖慧  许琪琪 《地理学报》2022,77(12):3055-3071

以江苏省为研究区,探索了2010—2020年间流动人口在城、镇和乡（即城区、镇区和乡村3类地域类型）分布的时空分异和影响因素。研究发现：① 江苏省城和镇流动人口占常住人口的比例普遍增加,但镇的增幅明显高于城,乡的流动人口占比却在近一半的市县出现减少。② 江苏省流动人口苏南—苏中—苏北分布的梯度格局尚未发生根本性改变,苏南仍是吸引流动人口的高地,但苏中和苏北的镇对省内流动人口的吸引显著增强。③ 苏南一些乡和苏中、苏北一些镇流动人口占比有明显提升,体现了乡镇对流动人口的集聚能力。④ 模型结果显示,政府社会投入的增加有利于增强城、镇、乡对流动人口的吸引力;城镇居民恩格尔系数在城和镇对两类流动人口占比的影响有所不同;产业的影响因城、镇和乡的不同而分异：工业在城、镇、乡均为正向影响;产业结构的高级化在城镇仅对省内流动人口占比具有正向作用;农林牧渔业在乡为负向影响。  相似文献   

Urban land development intensity: New evidence behind economic transition in the Yangtze River Delta,China     

YANG Qingke  WANG Lei  LI Yongle  FAN Yeting  LIU Chao 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(12):2453-2474

Over the past 20 years, China has experienced multiple economic transitions characterized by marketization, globalization, decentralization, and urbanization; as a result, urban land development intensity (ULDI) has become a significant issue for sustainable development. As China’s largest globalized urban area, the rapid socio-economic development of the Yangtze River Delta has created a huge demand for urban land. We apply a theoretical framework for a four-dimensional analysis tool to understand the dynamic evolution of the ULDI in the context of economic transition. It reveals that marketization, globalization, decentralization, and urbanization affect the ULDI in the economic transition of Yangtze River Delta. Marketization, especially the continuous improvement of land marketization, optimizes the spatial allocation of land resources and encourages urban land users to improve ULDI. Globalization promotes the rapid growth of economy and population through an increase in foreign direct investment. In the process of decentralization, local governments rely on developing a mode of land finance, resulting in a disordered urban space and low ULDI. Population growth and agglomeration during urbanization stimulates residents’ consumption capacity and promotes economic growth, thus creating a greater demand for urban land. However, a low level of development and utilization restricts the improvement of development intensity. Economic development can improve the level of land-intensive use by promoting the adjustment, optimization, and upgrade of urban industrial structures.  相似文献   

广州市美丽乡村空间分异特征及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张晨  肖大威  黄翼 《热带地理》2020,40(3):551-561

以广州市已公布的4批美丽乡村建设试点数据为基础，通过最邻近指数、基于Riple’s函数的多距离空间聚类分析、核密度分析和叠置分析等方法，探讨了广州市美丽乡村的发展现状、空间分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明：1）自2013年起，广州市美丽乡村数量逐年递增且增长率呈现上升趋势；2）广州市美丽乡村空间分布呈明显的集聚型分布；3）Ripley’s函数分析表明美丽乡村要素点空间分布格局随距离变化略有不同，在0.14 km处集聚强度达到最大；4）核密度分析显示美丽乡村高密度区域主要分布在广州南部和西北部，包括番禺－南沙1个热点主核心区和从化、花都－白云2个热点副核心区，密度分布呈现多核心不均衡特点；5）乡村的地形水文、人文历史、交通区位和政策规划为美丽乡村空间分布的主要影响因素，其中，政策规划因素对“美丽乡村群”空间格局的形成起决定性影响。空间分布特征总体反映出广州市美丽乡村规划建设初见成效，并逐步形成以热点核心区为基础的“美丽乡村群”。最后，在乡村选点、空间优化、价值提升以及乡村治理等方面提出若干建议。  相似文献   

Liquidus Equilibria in the System K2O-Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-F2O-1-H2O to 100 MPa: II. Differentiation Paths of Fluorosilicic Magmas in Hydrous Systems     

Dolejs  David; Baker  Don R. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(4):807-828

We investigated phase equilibria in the six-component systemNa₂O–K₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–F₂O_–1–H₂Oat 100 MPa to characterize differentiation paths of naturalfluorine-bearing granitic and rhyolitic magmas. Topaz and cryoliteare stable saturating solid phases in calcium-poor systems.At 100 MPa the maximum solidus depression and fluorine solubilityin evolving silicic melts are controlled by the eutectics haplogranite–cryolite–H₂Oat 640°C and 4 wt % F, and haplogranite–topaz–H₂Oat 640°C and 2 wt % F. Topaz and cryolite form a binaryperalkaline eutectic at 660°C, 100 MPa and fluid saturation.The low-temperature nature of this invariant point causes displacementof multiphase eutectics with quartz and alkali feldspar towardsthe topaz–cryolite join and enables the silicate liquidusand cotectic surfaces to extend to very high fluorine concentrations(more than 30 wt % F) for weakly peraluminous and subaluminouscompositions. The differentiation of fluorine-bearing magmasfollows two distinct paths of fluorine behavior, depending onwhether additional minerals buffer the alkali/alumina ratioin the melt. In systems with micas or aluminosilicates thatbuffer the activity of alumina, magmatic crystallization willreach either topaz or cryolite saturation and the system solidifiesat low fluorine concentration. In leucogranitic suites precipitatingquartz and feldspar only, the liquid line of descent will reachtopaz or cryolite but fluorine will continue to increase untilthe quaternary eutectic with two fluorine-bearing solid phasesis reached at 540°C, 100 MPa and aqueous-fluid saturation.The maximum water solubility in the haplogranitic melts increaseswith the fluorine content and reaches 12· 5 ±0· 5 wt % H₂O at the quartz–cryolite–topazeutectic composition. A continuous transition between hydrousfluorosilicate melts and solute-rich aqueous fluids is not documentedby this study. Our experimental results are applicable to leucocraticfluorosilicic magmas. In multicomponent systems, however, thepresence of calcium may severely limit enrichment of fluorineby crystallization of fluorite. KEY WORDS: granite; rhyolite; topaz; cryolite; magmatic differentiation  相似文献   

构造-沉积分异原理及其地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

何登发  包洪平  高山林  李涤 《古地理学报》2022,24(5):920-936

构造-沉积分异是地球表层的常见地质现象,发生于沉积盆地、造山带与克拉通等岩石圈构造单元,表现为岩石圈的深、中、浅层始终发生着沉积物、流体、能量与力的交换与分异过程。文中从物质组成、时空分布与力学机制等方面阐述构造-沉积分异的基本特征,并以中国沉积盆地为例进行分析。作者首先将构造-沉积分异定义为“由构造应力、热力、重力、地幔动力等因素引起地表地形差异,从而导致沉积物源、搬运体系与沉积作用变化的过程”;认为构造-沉积分异发生在不同尺度的洋-陆系统、盆-山系统、隆-坳系统、凸-凹系统与高-低地貌系统,受基底结构、强度与活动性的明显控制,构造应力、重力、热力、地幔动力等控制了该分异机制; 强调随时间演变出现构造-沉积分异演化旋回,表现为伸展期裂陷向聚敛期隆坳转变,碳酸盐岩分异台地向统一台地转变。上述控制因素与机制在时空上可以发生复合,导致多类构造-沉积分异作用出现。研究构造-沉积分异作用,可以为重建地球历史、加快矿产资源勘查和改善人类宜居环境做出贡献。  相似文献   

稀有金属花岗岩的特征及其成矿作用     

叶松  周宝霞  叶德隆 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(5):767-776

本文通过对我国典型稀有金属花岗岩体研究成果的总结,从稀有金属花岗岩的基本特征、研究进展、成岩成矿作用的几个特点以及其对生态环境的影响等方面,对稀有金属花岗岩的特征及其成矿作用进行了综述和介绍。有助于学者了解稀有金属花岗岩成岩成矿研究和矿产资源勘查的最新成果,并用于寻找和鉴别稀有金属花岗岩。同时还讨论了稀有金属花岗岩体对生态环境的天然污染和带给居民群体的健康伤害,呼吁社会和公众应该引起足够的注意。  相似文献   

粤中早白垩世亚髻山正长质杂岩体的成分分异及岩石成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏扣林  丁兴  黄永贵  郑小战  吴凯  胡永斌 《岩石学报》2015,31(3):829-845

华南的碱性岩浆往往以小岩株形式侵位于早期花岗岩中,指示了伸展拉张的大地构造背景。本文通过对华南代表性的碱性岩体——粤中亚髻山正长质杂岩体不同相带岩石的研究,发现它们可按照岩性和成分的差异划分三组,其成因与岩浆过程和岩浆期后流体作用密切相关。化学成分上,三组的差异体现在:1)Group 1显示最低的Si O2(59.37%~64.10%)、K2O/Na2O(0.70~1.11)、I Sr值(0.70741~0.710032)、t2DM模式年龄(1.0~1.1Ga),最高的Al2O3(17.30%~19.18%)、全碱(K2O+Na2O:11.13%~13.76%)、εNd(t)值(-1.6~-0.9)和碱性-过碱性、准铝质特征;稀土配分曲线呈明显右倾,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,表现出Ba、Ti、Sr和P负异常;具有球粒陨石质Nb/Ta比值(平均为19.6)和超球粒陨石值Zr/Hf比值(平均为47.1);2)Group 2显示最高的Ti O2(0.47%~0.49%)、Mg O(0.98%~1.07%)、P2O5(0.15%~0.16%)、K2O/Na2O(2.57~6.69)和中等低的I Sr(0.70845)、εNd(t)值(-7.9~-7.8),具有强过铝质且碱性-钙碱性过渡的特征;稀土配分曲线呈明显右倾,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,表现出Nb-Ta、LREE、P和Ti负异常;其Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值均近似于平均陆壳(平均值分别为11.6和36.3);3)Group 3具有最低的镁铁质含量、Al2O3(13.00%~13.16%)、εNd(t)值(-8.3)和最高的Si O2(77.50%~76.54%)、I Sr(0.72563)以及与过渡带相似的t2DM模式年龄(1.6Ga),总体显示碱性、强过铝质的特征;稀土配分曲线近似于"海鸥形",Eu异常明显,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,显示Ba、Nb、LREE、Sr、P、Ti负异常和Rb、Th、U、Ta、Pb正异常。其Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值均远低于平均陆壳(平均值分别为3.0和18.5)。Group 3中锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得了2个加权平均年龄,即140.9±1.4Ma(MSWD=2.0)和141.4±0.9Ma(MSWD=1.6),与之前报道的Group 1的形成时代一致,表明它们都是早白垩世同一次岩浆作用的产物。这些成分的差异也体现在岩石成因类型判别上,结果显示Group 1属于A型岩套中典型的A1型亚类,而Group 2和Group 3显示似是而非的类型,比如,Group 2具有A型向I型过渡的特征,Group 3则既具有高演化花岗岩的特征,又类似于铝质A型花岗岩。基于Sr-Nd同位素和主、微量元素成分特征,我们认为亚髻山正长质杂岩体中的Group 1形成自富集的上地幔分异的硅不饱和碱性岩浆,较少陆壳物质混染;Group 2岩石则是硅不饱和碱性岩浆在侵位过程中大比例同化混染了外围的佛冈花岗岩而成;而Group 3岩石则是Group 2岩浆发生长石、钛铁矿、磷灰石等矿物分离结晶后再与富氟流体发生显著的相互作用而形成。因此,杂岩体各组岩石成分的明显差异,是碱性岩浆与围岩同化混染及后期流体改造、分异的结果。这进一步暗示诸多似是而非岩石类型的花岗岩,其岩浆过程及其后的流体交代对于其源区岩浆的地球化学特征的影响不容忽视;而这些过程很可能对于一些碱性火成岩及中酸性岩岩体的成分环带的形成及成矿作用具有至关重要的意义。  相似文献   

滇西南团梁子岩组绿片岩、基性脉岩及构造分异石英脉岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙载波  曾文涛  黄亮  王晓峰  周坤 《矿物学报》2015,35(2):245-254

滇西南团梁子岩组是南澜沧江构造带内重要的构造岩石单元之一,与兰坪-思茅盆地演化有密切联系。由于层序恢复困难和缺乏标志生物化石,该套岩石地层的时代归属缺乏有效约束。江桥团梁子岩组中基性脉岩和构造分异石英脉岩较为发育,在岩石学观察基础上,以绿片岩、辉长(绿)岩及与区域面理(S2)同期的构造分异石英脉岩为研究对象,借助激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术,对其中分选出的锆石开展了精确的U-Pb年龄测定。2件绿片岩样品31个锆石测点中存在4组206Pb/238U年龄,分别为1816~1542 Ma(加权平均为1630±210 Ma,N=6)、850~832 Ma(加权平均为844±95 Ma,N=2)、517~422 Ma(加权平均为438±26 Ma,N=4)和292~188Ma(加权平均为219.7±8.5 Ma,N=19)。2件辉长(绿)岩样品31个锆石测点中也存在4组206Pb/238U年龄,分别为2256~1357 Ma(加权平均为1646±160 Ma,N=16)、861~750 Ma(加权平均为773±92 Ma,N=2)、484~388 Ma(加权平均为433±38 Ma,N=6)和320~233 Ma(加权平均为253±16 Ma,N=7)。1件构造分异石英脉岩样品20个锆石测点中有3组206Pb/238U年龄,分别为1244±19 Ma(N=1)、430±5 Ma(N=1)和312~212 Ma(加权平均为229.6±6.7 Ma,N=18)。不同类型岩石中的各组锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄极为接近,代表了不同的地质意义,其中1646~1630 Ma可能代表了团梁子岩组原岩的形成年龄,而253~219 Ma可能代表了团梁子岩组在此时期受到构造热事件影响,该事件可能与古特提斯洋盆由西向东的俯冲消减作用有关。本次获得的绿片岩、基性脉岩及构造分异石英脉岩锆石U-Pb年龄将团梁子岩组时代约束为老于1630 Ma,即中元古代,可能属澜沧岩群的一部分。  相似文献   

ON　REGIONAL　DIFFERENTIATION　OF　RIVER　WATER　ENVIRONMENT　CAPACITY　AND　STRATEGIES　TO　CONTROL　WATER　ENVIRONMENT　POLLUTION　IN　CHINA   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王华东  王淑华  鲍全盛  祁忠 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1995,5(2):116-124

ＯＮＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＬＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＩＶＥＲＷＡＴＥＲＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＣＡＰＡＣＩＴＹＡＮＤＳＴＲＡＴＥＧＩＥＳＴＯＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＷＡＴＥＲＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＰＯＬＬＵＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＷａｎｇＨｕａｄｏｎｇ（王华...  相似文献   

3. Solar System Formation and Early Evolution: the First 100 Million Years     

Thierry Montmerle  Jean-Charles Augereau  Marc Chaussidon  Mathieu Gounelle  Bernard Marty  Alessandro Morbidelli 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,98(1-4):39-95

The solar system, as we know it today, is about 4.5 billion years old. It is widely believed that it was essentially completed 100 million years after the formation of the Sun, which itself took less than 1 million years, although the exact chronology remains highly uncertain. For instance: which, of the giant planets or the terrestrial planets, formed first, and how? How did they acquire their mass? What was the early evolution of the “primitive solar nebula” (solar nebula for short)? What is its relation with the circumstellar disks that are ubiquitous around young low-mass stars today? Is it possible to define a “time zero” (t ₀), the epoch of the formation of the solar system? Is the solar system exceptional or common? This astronomical chapter focuses on the early stages, which determine in large part the subsequent evolution of the proto-solar system. This evolution is logarithmic, being very fast initially, then gradually slowing down. The chapter is thus divided in three parts: (1) The first million years: the stellar era. The dominant phase is the formation of the Sun in a stellar cluster, via accretion of material from a circumstellar disk, itself fed by a progressively vanishing circumstellar envelope. (2) The first 10 million years: the disk era. The dominant phase is the evolution and progressive disappearance of circumstellar disks around evolved young stars; planets will start to form at this stage. Important constraints on the solar nebula and on planet formation are drawn from the most primitive objects in the solar system, i.e., meteorites. (3) The first 100 million years: the “telluric” era. This phase is dominated by terrestrial (rocky) planet formation and differentiation, and the appearance of oceans and atmospheres.  相似文献