1980-2020年东海沿海城市水域系统时空变化特征及驱动机制     

杨昀则  田鹏  李加林 《海洋通报》2023,(4):430-443

开展东海沿海城市水域系统时空分布特征及驱动机制研究,促进高强度开发下沿海城市的水资源保护和社会经济高质量发展。基于东海沿海城市1980-2020年8期土地利用数据,结合土地利用模型和景观格局指数分析水域系统时空变化,以地理探测器揭示各水域系统变化的驱动因素。结果表明：（1）河流、海涂、滩地面积趋于下降,而湖泊和水库坑塘面积趋于增长,其水库坑塘扩张最为明显,增长幅度达80.73%。（2）水域系统转换剧烈,河流、海涂和滩地面积转出大于转入,而湖泊和水库坑塘面积转出小于转入,不同年份转换特征具有差异性,但均呈现出海洋→海涂→其他地类（耕地、建设用地、水库坑塘等）的转换特征。（3）水域景观整体上趋于复杂化和破碎化,最大斑块指数（LPI）、边缘密度（ED）、连通度（COHESION）、聚集度（AI）、香农多样性指数（SHDI）、香农均匀度指数（SHEI）均趋于下降。不同水域系统的景观类型水平指数具有差异性。（4）自然因素奠定了水域系统分布的空间格局,而社会经济因素加速了水域系统发生转换。  相似文献   

1993-2010年洞庭湖湿地动态变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓帆  王学雷  厉恩华  蔡晓斌  黄进良  胡砚霞  姜刘志 《湖泊科学》2012,24(4):571-576

利用不同时相遥感影像,结合实地调查,采用决策树分类方法提取洞庭湖湿地信息,完成洞庭湖四期湿地类型分布图;同时分析洞庭湖湿地植被群落动态变化特征、驱动因素以及湿地变化的影响.结果表明,17 a来洞庭湖滩地植被分布和面积发生了明显变化,林滩地面积净增367.88 km2,变化比例为1127.51%,分布范围向洲滩主体扩展,成为主要滩地类型;芦苇滩地面积减少44.09 km2,草滩地面积增加2.99 km2,变化比例分别为-5.80%和0.40%.洞庭湖湿地的变化一方面受洞庭湖泥沙淤积和滩地植被演替的影响,另一方面也受到人类活动干扰的影响.天然湿地植被的破坏,特别是人工种植芦苇和滩地造林在一定程度上改变了洞庭湖湿地生态系统原有的结构和功能.为有效保护洞庭湖湿地,要合理开发洲滩资源,保护天然湿地植被,合理规划和控制滩地造林.  相似文献   

The driving force of basin water resource utilization to lake nutrients     

Jiayu Peng  Xing Wang  Minghao Wang 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(6):855-866

ABSTRACT

Understanding of the effect of basin water resources utilization on lake nutrients is helpful to prevent lake eutrophication and facilitate sustainable water resources management. In this study, a lake basin dualistic water cycle system is established to identify the environmental effect of lake water. Four water utilization indicators were chosen to build a driving relationship with the lake nutrients. Three different trophic lakes in Yunnan Province, China – Dianchi, Erhai and Fuxian – were selected to demonstrate the changes in basin water utilization, runoff, nutrient loads and water-use indicators for the period 2000–2015. In addition, the driving forces of water-use indicators to nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were analysed by a general additive model. Finally, an optimized water utilization system for each lake basin is proposed. The research provides a practical tool for water resources and environmental management in lake basins.  相似文献   

太湖流域印染业企业环境行为分析     

关劲峤  黄贤金  刘晓磊  刘红明  陈雯 《湖泊科学》2005,17(4):351-355

在分析企业环境行为类型及决策机制的基础上,认为内外环境因素的综合作用促成了企业环境行为的发生.据此,通过相关性和主成分分析对太湖流域印染企业环境行为影响因素进行选择,并构建了环境行为决策数量模型,结果表明:私营合资企业环保投入水平高于国有集体企业;中型企业环保投入高于小型企业,此外,企业环境行为演变也受政府和经济环境制约.最后提出了优化企业环境行为的对策,即加快企业改制,强化用地供应管理,改革排污费制度以及规划产业布局.  相似文献   

Changes in reference evapotranspiration over China during 1960–2012: Attributions and relationships with atmospheric circulation          下载免费PDF全文

Rongfan Chai  Shanlei Sun  Haishan Chen  Shujia Zhou 《水文研究》2018,32(19):3032-3048

This study investigates reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) trends in China from 1960 to 2012 based on the Penman–Monteith equation and gridded meteorological measurements. Under the combined impacts of factors influencing ET₀ (i.e., net radiation [RN], mean temperature [TAVE], vapour pressure deficit [VPD], and wind speed [WND]), both seasonal and annual ET₀ for the whole China and more than half of the grids decreased over the past 53 years. The attribution analyses suggest that for the whole China, the WND is responsible for annual and seasonal ET₀ decreases (excluding summer, where RN is responsible). Across China, the annual cause of WND with the largest spatial extent (43.1% of grids) mainly derives from north of the Changjiang River Basin (CJRB), whereas VPD (RN) as a cause is dispersedly distributed (within and to the south of the CJRB). In summer, RN is dominant in more than half of the grids, but the dominance of VPD and WND accounts for approximately 90% of grids during the remaining seasons. Finally, the correlation coefficients between ET₀ and the Atlantic Oscillation (AO), North AO, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices with different lead times are calculated. For the whole China, annual and seasonal ET₀ always significantly correlate with these indices (excluding the IOD) but with varied lead times. Additionally, near half of the grids show significant and maximum (i.e., the largest one between ET₀ and a certain index with a lead time of 0–3 seasons) correlation coefficients of ET₀ with PDO in spring and summer, ENSO in autumn, and AO in winter. This study is not only significant for understanding ET₀ changes, but it also provides preliminary and fundamental reference information for ET₀ prediction.  相似文献   

2000-2010年东北地区湖泊动态变化及驱动力分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李宁  刘吉平  王宗明 《湖泊科学》2014,26(4):545-551

以2000、2005和2010年的Landsat TM和ETM遥感影像为主要数据源,利用面向对象的分类方法,提取3期东北地区湖泊数据;在GIS技术的支持下,分析了过去10年东北地区湖泊的时空变化特征,并对导致湖泊面积变化的自然和人文驱动因素进行分析.结果表明:2000-2010年间,东北地区湖泊面积由12234.02 km²减少至11307.58 km²,其中,2005-2010年间湖泊萎缩剧烈程度大于2000-2005年;湖泊数量先增加后减少,10年间共减少了4092个;10年间天然湖泊面积大幅减少,人工湖泊面积略增加;研究区内西北方向湖泊萎缩程度小于东南方向,质心向西北偏移;湖泊变化受自然因素和人类活动的共同影响,人类活动叠加在自然因素之上,对湖泊变化产生了放大作用.  相似文献   

Changes in flood characteristics and the flood driving mechanism in the mountainous Haihe River Basin,China     

Ping Feng  Jiezhao Wu 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(16):1997-2005

ABSTRACT

Recently, the land surface in the Haihe River basin has changed, influencing the flood processes in the basin. To quantify this impact, seven typical sub-catchments were selected from different hydrological regions of the Haihe River basin for study. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used to analyse for trends, and the non-parametric Pettitt test was adopted to detect any change point in the flood time series. Then, a hydrological model was established to simulate the effects of each potential driving factor on flood peak and volume. It was shown that flood peak and volume time series had decreased significantly, and the change point was around the year 1980. Groundwater depletion was not the main contribution to flood peak (FP) and volume (FV) decrease. In the Shifokou, Mubi and Lengkou sub-catchments, small hydraulic structures are the main driving factors for FP and FV decreasing. In the Xitaiyu, Daomaguan and Fuping sub-catchments, both land-use change and hydraulic structures are the main driving factors. The decreasing percentage decreases with the increase of the flood magnitude. The results provide valuable information for flood simulation and control in the Haihe River basin.  相似文献   

强人类活动下半干旱地区湖泊水资源损失过程重建——以岱海为例     

杨腾腾  吴挺峰  嵇晓燕  秦伯强  栾承梅  胡润涛  何翔宇 《湖泊科学》2022,34(6):2105-2121

湖泊水资源持续损失已经成为影响半干旱地区经济社会发展的主要问题之一.然而,由于缺少长期连续的湖泊动态监测数据,该地区湖泊水资源损失过程及其与气候变化和经济社会发展之间的关系没有得到详细的评估.针对此问题,本文以位于半干旱地区的岱海为研究对象,利用改进型归一化差异水体指数从1986—2020年258景Landsat遥感影像中提取湖泊水体边界,结合湖泊水位数据,重建了近60 a岱海水资源量动态变化过程.结果表明：1961—2019年期间,岱海急剧萎缩,湖泊水量共减少9.88×10⁸ m³.同时水量变化趋势分段函数拟合结果表明,岱海水量变化可分为3个阶段：1961—1978年,水量损失速率为0.726×10⁷ m³/a的缓慢损失阶段;1979—2004年,水量损失速率为2.10×10⁷ m³/a的快速损失阶段;2005—2019年,水量损失速率为3.39×10⁷ m³/a的加速损失阶段.相关分析表明：岱海水量损失与流域经济社会发展密切相关.其中,改革开放后流域农业开发利用规模和强度的提高是导致岱海水量损失的主要原因;“西部大开发”战略实施后工业经济的兴起则加速了岱海水量的损失.据此,本研究建议干旱半干旱地区湖泊流域经济社会的发展应与其水资源承载力相协调.  相似文献   

南水北调东线工程运行3年后东平湖浮游植物群落特征及环境驱动因子     

董贯仓  冷春梅  丛旭日  刘超  朱士文  孙鲁峰  高云芳  客涵  李秀启 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):61-73

为掌握东平湖浮游植物在南水北调东线工程运行后的群落结构变化特征及探究其环境驱动因子,于通水运行3周年后的2017年分4个季节对东平湖的18个样点进行采样调查,同步开展水环境调查.结果 显示:共检出浮游植物191种属(包括变种),其中硅藻门、绿藻门、裸藻门、蓝藻门、金藻门、黄藻门、甲藻门和隐藻门分别为64、57、28、2...  相似文献   

洪泽湖水沙变化趋势和冲淤时空分布及驱动因素     

贲鹏  虞邦义  张辉  胡勇 《湖泊科学》2021,33(1):289-298

为了研究洪泽湖水沙特性、变化趋势与冲淤时空分布规律,运用累积距平法、Mann-Kendall趋势与突变检验以及R/S分析法等方法,分析了洪泽湖19502016年的水沙特征;采用地理信息技术,基于1992年和2016年实测地形,对湖区泥沙冲淤空间分布进行了定量计算与分析.结果表明,入湖径流量无明显增加或减少的趋势,输沙量和含沙量呈明显减小趋势,1990年以后含沙量基本稳定在0.2 kg/m^3以下;淮河干流(包括池河)入湖水量和沙量约占入湖总量的89.6%,三河闸出湖水沙占总出湖量的60%.淮干入湖口和溧河洼为主要淤积区域,淤积量分别为2300×10^4和1900×10^4 m^3,平均淤积厚度分别为0.35和0.25 m;其他区域自然冲淤基本平衡.上游水库和河道闸坝的拦沙作用、农业种植结构变化和水土保持、大规模人工采砂等是入湖沙量减少的主要影响因素;湖区水动力特性是泥沙自然淤积主导因素,而湖区库容变化的主因则是人工采砂、围湖造田和围网养殖,且人类活动的影响远大于自然冲淤.  相似文献