CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING SUMMER 1998 AND ITS IMPACT ON EAST ASIAN WEATHER^*          下载免费PDF全文

LI Wei  CHEN Longxun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(3):293-309

The seasonal variation of rainy season over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 1998 is analyzed by using daily observational rainfall data for Lhasa from 1955 to 1996,and rainfall data at 70 stations from January to August of 1998 over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent regions,as well as TBB data from May to August of 1998.The onset date of rainy season for Lhasa is climatologically 6 June.Among the analyzed years,the earliest onset date is 6 May,while the latest may delay to 2 July.The obvious inter-decadal variation can be found in the series of onset date.The onset date of summer 1998 over middle TP (onset date of Lhasa) is 24 June,which is relatively later than the normal case.The onset for rainy season of 1998 started over southeast and northeast parts of TP and then propagated westward and northward.The convection over east and west parts of TP shows that there is a quasi 12-15 day oscillation.In June,the convection over middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is formed by the westward propagation of convection over subtropical western Pacific.while in July.it is formed by the eastward propagation of convection over TP.Besides,it is also found that there exists good negative and obvious advance and lag correlation between the convection over the middle and western TP and that over the subtropical western Pacific and southern China.Therefore it can be inferred that a feedback zonal circulation with a quasi two-three week oscillation exists between the ascending region of TP and descending region of subtropical western Pacific,i.e.the convection over TP may affect the subtropical high over western Pacific and vice versa.  相似文献   

河南省汛期气候预测概念模型     

张善强  顾万龙等 《河南气象》2001,(4):7-8

在河南省6种雨型的基础上，分析了物理要素海温、季风、西太平洋副高及气候因子和河南省汛期降水的关系，给出了河南省汛期降水的气候预测概念模型。通过逻辑推理，可以具体预测雨型。  相似文献   

中国西北地区季节性积雪的性质与结构   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17  

魏文寿  秦大河  刘明哲 《干旱区地理》2001,24(4):310-313

中国内陆地区积雪分布十分广泛。根据西北地区大陆性气候条件下形成的“干寒型”积雪的特征 ,对中国天山和阿尔泰山山区的季节性积雪进行了观测与分析。结果表明 ,该区最大积雪深度达 15 2cm(1997) ,积雪层一般由新雪 (或表层凝结霜 )、细粒雪、中粒雪、粗粒雪、松散深霜、聚合深霜层和薄融冻冰层组成。与“湿暖型”积雪相比 ,“干寒型”积雪的性质具有密度小 (新雪的最小密度为 0 .0 4 g/cm3 )、含水率少 (隆冬期 <1% )、温度梯度大(最大可达 - 0 .5 2℃ /cm)、深霜发育层厚等特点 ,并且变质作用以热量交换和雪层压力变质作用为主。据中国科学院天山积雪与雪崩研究站 (43°2 0N ,84°2 9E ,海拔 1776m)的观测资料 ,中国内陆干旱区冬季积雪期雪面太阳辐射通量以负平衡为主 ,新雪雪面反射率达 96 % ,短波辐射在干寒型积雪中的穿透厚度达 2 8cm。春季积雪消融期 ,深霜层厚度可占整个积雪层厚度的 80 %。随着气温的升高 ,雪粒间的键链首先融化 ,使积雪变得松散 ,内聚力、抗压、抗拉和抗剪强度降低 ,积雪含水率也随之增大 ,整个积雪层趋于接近 0℃的等温现象 ,因此 ,春季天山、阿尔泰山等山地全层性湿雪崩频繁发生  相似文献   

重质碳酸钙干法超细与改性一体化工艺研究          下载免费PDF全文

王林江  苏达谋等 《地质与勘探》2001,37(2):72-73

在气流粉碎机中对重质碳酸钙进行干法超细与改性一体化工艺研究，通过控制改性剂种类，改性剂用量，给料粒度，给料速度，产品活化率达97％，吸油率16．20％，20天吸水率7．01％，白度91．5，粒度（d50)8.0um，碳酸钙的吸水和吸油率的均降低，对超细与改性一体化机理进行了讨论。  相似文献   

青藏高原北侧地区干湿年夏季垂直环流差异的对比分析及青藏高原的热力影响   总被引：30，自引：2，他引：30  

吴统文  钱正安 《气象学报》1996,54(5):558-568

为了分析西北干旱的形成原因，本文首先利用高原北侧地区５站历年夏季的降水量资料等，制定了该区的干湿标准，划分了历年夏季的干湿等级。接着又利用ＥＣＭＷＦ的格点资料等对比分析了该区干湿年夏季间垂直环流的差异，也探讨了青藏高原地面热状况与高原北侧干湿状况的联系。其主要结论是：１）文中制定的以降水标准差为判据的干湿标准适合西北干旱区；２）高原北侧干湿年夏季间在高原北侧和高原上的垂直环流存在明显差异；３）青藏高原地面热状况与上列差异有关，也即青藏高原的热力作用是西北干旱的重要成因之一。  相似文献   

区域酸性沉降的数值研究 I. 模式   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17  

王体健  李宗恺  南方 《大气科学》1996,20(5):606-614

建立了一个三维时变的欧拉型区域酸性污染物沉降模式，模式包括源排放、平流输送、湍流扩散、干沉积、气相化学、液相化学及湿清除等六大部分。考虑到计算条件的承受能力和应用性的要求，在把握酸沉降形成的关键过程的前提下，合理地简化设计模式。相对于国内已有的工作，本模式在干沉积、气相化学、液相化学和湿清除等方面均有所改进。  相似文献   

前汛期北江洪水过程水汽汇与河水流量的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

简茂球  罗会邦 《热带地理》1996,16(2):130-135

本文分析了１９８０－１９８４年４－６月和１９９４年６月洪水过程北江流域的大气水汽汇特征及其与河水流量的关系。结果表明：前汛期洪水过程的前期大乞一般连续存在超过一定值的较强水汽汇，时间为１周左右，洪水的发生是强水汽汇连续产生的径流的积累所致；北江流域洪水期水汽汇的极大峰一般比石角站的洪峰流量超前２天左右，本文结果为洪水的预报提供一条新思路。  相似文献   

A novel ozone sensor for direct eddy flux measurements     

Hans Güsten  Günther Heinrich  Ralf W. H. Schmidt  Ulrich Schurath 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,14(1-4):73-84

A small, lightweight (1.5 kg) and fast-response ozone sensor for direct eddy flux measurements has been built. The basis for detection is the chemiluminescence of an organic dye adsorbed on dry silica gel in the reaction with ozone. The chemiluminescence is monitored with a cheap and small blue-sensitive photomultiplier. At a flow rate of 100 l min^-1 the ozone sensor has a 90% response time of significantly better than 0.1 s with a detection limit lower than 50 ppt at S/N=3. There are no interferences from other atmospheric trace gases like NO_x, H₂O₂ and PAN. Water vapour and SO₂ enhance the chemiluminescence efficiency of the ozone sensor. Since their response times are 22 seconds and 30 minutes, respectively, no correlation between rapid ozone fluctuations and those of these two trace gases is noticed by the ozone sensor when operating at a frequency of 10 Hz.The ozone sensor was tested for several weeks in continuous measurements of ozone fluxes and deposition velocities over different croplands using the eddy correlation technique. Good agreement was found between ozone dry deposition velocities derived from profile measurements and by eddy correlation.  相似文献   

长江中下游汛期降水空间型及其与太平洋海温的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

卢文芳 《水科学进展》1992,3(2):104-111

用因子分析及方差最大原则下的正交旋转技术,计算并识别长江中下游汛期(5～9月)降水场的四个空间高载荷区及相对应的因子得分系数.它们的空间、时间变化,反映了长江中下游区域的实际降水特点.赤道东太平洋海温、区域平均海温及ENSO事件都与高载荷区的汛期降水有一定的联系,所得结果可作为汛期降水短期气候预报的参考因子.  相似文献   

Anhydrous and water-saturated melting experiments of an olivine andesite from Mt Yakushi-Yama, northeastern Shikoku, Japan     

Toshisuke  Kawasaki Koji  Okusako Toshihiro  Nishiyama 《Island Arc》1993,2(4):228-237

Abstract Melting experiments have been carried out on an olivine andesite of Mt Yakushi-Yama from the Miocene Setouchi volcanic belt in northeastern Shikoku, Japan. This andesite has been characterized by a low ratio of FeO*/Mg° (= 0.78). Phase relations have been determined within the pressure range of 2.8 to 19.3 kbar at 1000-1300°C under anhydrous and water-saturated conditions. At pressures less than 8.8 kbar, olivine is a liquidus phase. Orthopyroxene appears on the liquidus at 9.3 kbar under the anhydrous conditions. The multiple saturation point rises up to 17.5 kbar for water-saturated experiments. The andesite melt coexists with olivine and orthopyroxene just below the liquidus at 8.8–9.3 kbar and 1230°C for dry conditions, and at 17.5 kbar and 1060°C under water-saturated conditions. These experimental results indicate that the Yakushi-Yama olivine andesite magma could coexist with a harzburgitic mantle at depths between about 30 and 60 km, and at temperatures between 1060 and 1230°C. Experimental data also suggest a possibility that a high magnesian andesite magma would be generated by a direct partial melting of the uppermost harzburgitic mantle under anhydrous conditions.  相似文献