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941.
以贵州省为核心的中国西南岩溶区面临双重危机:生态恶劣,石漠化严重;人口贫困,全国1/3强的贫困县分布在该地区。石漠化综合治理需要从岩溶生态系统结构和运行规律出发,重点关注岩溶地下水的开发和可持续利用,水土保持和土壤改良,植被恢复和可适应性的经济植物选择,力求区域生态经济双赢、农民脱贫致富。 相似文献
942.
《Geoforum》2015
As Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) continues to gain attention as a policy tool for securing efficient and effective environmental governance, a rising tide of criticism warns of the potentially detrimental social–ecological consequences of nature commodification and ‘green neoliberalism’. These concerns are also expressed at international policy fora, where the market rhetoric has met with political resistance from countries belonging to the ‘Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America’ (ALBA). But despite this ideological opposition, some ALBA countries are increasingly integrating PES into their environmental policies. In this article we consider the reasons underlying this apparent contradiction and relate it to the notion of ‘epistemic circulation’. On the basis of a study on the evolution of PES-thinking in Nicaragua (an ALBA member) and a reassessment of the supposed ‘success’ of an influential pilot project, we shed light on the forces driving the adoption of particular PES modes and contextualise practical difficulties to endorsing more critical approaches to the tool. Instead of either ideologically rejecting PES as a neoliberal evil or embracing it uncritically as the new panacea, we argue that it is precisely through the socio-political processes surrounding environmental governance debates that the application of PES is shaped. In practice, it may either contribute to an imposed and dispossessing form of capitalism, or tend towards a more negotiated and socio-culturally embedded version of it. Only through its reconceptualisation based on political–cultural primacy rather than market-fetishism can PES achieve its true potential within a broader strategy towards improved environmental governance. 相似文献
943.
944.
《Geoforum》2015
This paper examines the importance of national-level institutional arrangements for promoting the EU’s Protected Geographic Indication scheme (PGI). Taking the example of Ireland, for which PGI designations remain comparatively low, it explores whether the approach to providing institutional supports to the PGI scheme is influenced by top-down technocratic governance structures that pertain to food safety and quality certification that encompass the broader operating environment for food production in Ireland. Although the regulation of food safety and quality certification are distinct remits to the administration of the PGI scheme, in the Irish context the same institutional bodies are involved in governance of both. Using a discourse analysis interpretative framework, this paper draws on interviews with Irish producer group members and institutional representatives to examine how governance of the PGI scheme reflects management perspectives and practices more in keeping with a regulatory environment for food safety and quality than with development of place-based food product links. It suggests that incentives to avail of the PGI scheme as a means of realising value-added for producers are not well established because they require the development of more subjective, context-dependent processes and practices linked to geographical place and place identity. These are not easily accommodated under current institutional arrangements that also incorporate food safety and quality remits because these are in turn strongly established through nationally and internationally recognised systems of regulation and benchmarking. The findings point to the benefits to be gained from a more layered governance structure for PGI; devolving operation of the scheme to relevant regional and local development organisations that possess the expertise and relevant local knowledge to (a) incentivise the formation of producer groups, and (b) prioritise mentoring and support for PGI concept development as a clearer reflection of bottom-up rural sustainability policy. 相似文献
945.
946.
947.
Trend and Interannual Variability of Chinese Air Pollution since 2000 in Association with Socioeconomic Development: A brief Overview
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air pollution, trend and variability, socioeconomic development, satellite measurements, bottom-up emission inventories, top-down constraints 相似文献
948.
不同城镇化发展模式对城市碳排放有显著影响。以石家庄市为案例,基于历年统计数据及实地调研数据,采用情景分析方法,定量核算石家庄市不同城镇化模式下的碳排放,结果表明在不同的城镇化模式下,石家庄市能源消费和碳排放将存在显著差异。与延续目前相对高碳的城镇化模式相比,在低碳城镇化模式下,2015—2030年,在城镇化率同样提升18.7%的情景下,碳排放的年均增速将由4.3%下降至0.4%,碳减排效果非常显著。 相似文献
949.
950.
地下空间地质环境适宜性评价是实现地下空间合理有序开发的重要环节,也是国土空间科学规划的必要前提。通过系统分析杭州市钱塘新区地质环境条件,从地形地貌、工程地质条件、水文地质条件、活动断裂及地震效应、环境地质问题等五个方面选取15个指标构建了地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价指标体系。在此基础上,采用变权层次分析法和灰色关联分析模型,对浅层(0~ 15m)、次浅层(15~ 30m)、次深层(30~ 50 m)地下空间进行了开发利用地质环境条件适宜性评价。结果表明,研究区浅层和次深层地下空间更适宜开发,而次浅层地下空间适宜性好和适宜性较好的总面积仅占全区的45.7%,地质环境条件复杂,具有一定的开发难度。该结果可为钱塘新区地下空间合理开发提供参考。 相似文献