Multi-scale analysis of trade-off/synergistic effects of forest ecosystem services in the Funiu Mountain Region,China     

Zhang  Jingjing  Zhu  Wenbo  Zhu  Lianqi  Li  Yanhong 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(5):981-999

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The trade-offs and synergies of forest ecosystem service are important research topics for several disciplines. The multi-scale analysis of service trade-offs and...  相似文献   

Development and assessment of damage‐to‐loss models for moment‐frame reinforced concrete buildings          下载免费PDF全文

Luís Martins  Vítor Silva  Mário Marques  Helen Crowley  Raimundo Delgado 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(5):797-817

The assessment of earthquake loss often requires the definition of a relation between a measure of damage and a quantity of loss, usually achieved through the employment of a damage‐to‐loss model. These models are frequently characterized by a large variability, which inevitably increases the uncertainty in the vulnerability assessment and earthquake loss estimation. This study provides an insight on the development of damage‐to‐loss functions for moment‐frame reinforced concrete buildings through an analytical methodology. Tri‐dimensional finite element models of existing reinforced concrete buildings were subjected to a number of ground motion records compatible with the seismicity in the region of interest, through nonlinear dynamic analysis. These results were used to assess, for a number of damage states, the probability distribution of loss ratio, taking into consideration member damage and different repair techniques, as well as to derive sets of fragility functions. Then, a vulnerability model (in terms of the ratio of cost of repair to cost of replacement, conditional on the level of ground shaking intensity) was derived and compared with the vulnerability functions obtained through the combination of various damage‐to‐loss models with the set of fragility functions developed herein. In order to provide realistic estimates of economic losses due to seismic action, a comprehensive study on repair costs using current Portuguese market values was also carried out. The results of this study highlight important issues in the derivation of vulnerability functions, which are a fundamental component for an adequate seismic risk assessment. © 2015 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

Populus nigra L. establishment and fluvial landform construction: biogeomorphic dynamics within a channelized river          下载免费PDF全文

Dov Corenblit  Johannes Steiger  Gaspard Charrier  José Darrozes  Virginia Garófano‐Gómez  Alexandre Garreau  Eduardo González  Angela M. Gurnell  Borbála Hortobágyi  Frédéric Julien  Luc Lambs  Sébastien Larrue  Thierry Otto  Erwan Roussel  Franck Vautier  Olivier Voldoire 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(9):1276-1292

Populations of the riparian pioneer species Populus nigra L. which establish on alluvial bars within river channels modulate sediment dynamics and fluvial landforms. Dense cohorts of P. nigra have colonized gravel point bars along the channelized River Garonne, France, during the last 20 years and have enhanced the vertical, lateral and longitudinal development of the bars. For this period, the geomorphic characteristics of two wooded point bars on this laterally stable river are closely linked to the spatial distribution and intensity of establishment and resistance of different cohorts of P. nigra. Furthermore, P. nigra colonization dynamics were controlled by engineer effects of this same species. This relationship is illustrated by a significant correlation between key geomorphic and biological variables measured in situ and characterized with a set of four aerial photographs taken between 2000 and 2010. The development of wooded point bars, which are discrete biogeomorphic units, over the studied period, appear to result from a specific biogeomorphic positive feedback of matter aggregation and vegetation establishment related to sediment trapping and stabilization by pioneer engineer plants. We propose a conceptual model of biogeomorphic unit construction for channelized, lateral stable rivers. We consider the resultant biogeomorphic units as functional from an ecological point of view because P. nigra enhances at the cohort scale (i) its own inherent capacity to resist hydrogeomorphic disturbances, and (ii) its resilience capacity as a result of successful colonization, especially downstream of mature poplar stands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于时变地震损伤模型的多龄期钢框架结构易损性分析          下载免费PDF全文

王晓飞  王鹏飞  贾虎  郑伟花  田进 《地震工程学报》2016,38(2):192-200

基于时变地震损伤模型提出酸性大气环境作用下多龄期钢框架结构概率地震易损性分析的方法及步骤;考虑服役龄期对钢框架结构抗震性能的影响,分别建立时变概率地震需求模型、时变概率抗震能力模型及时变易损性模型;在概率地震需求分析及概率抗震能力分析的基础上,得到多龄期(20年、30年、40年、50年)钢框架结构的易损性模型及易损性曲线。  相似文献   

基于地震动参数的RC框架结构易损性分析          下载免费PDF全文

徐超  温增平 《地震工程学报》2016,38(2):201-211

以某典型的12层钢筋混凝土框架结构作为研究对象,研究基于非线性动力时程分析和地震动参数的RC框架结构易损性分析方法。首先采用静力pushover分析判定结构薄弱层,并确定结构性能(capacity)参数;然后应用非线性动力时程分析估计结构地震反应,研究以峰值加速度和基本周期加速度反应谱作为地震动参数结构反应的不确定性,并进一步分析结构地震需求(demand)参数与地震动参数的关系;在此基础上,分别建立该结构基于峰值加速度和加速度反应谱的易损性曲线,通过考虑场地条件对地震动特性的影响,研究场地条件对结构易损性的影响,结果表明不同场地条件下的结构易损性曲线有一定差异。应用本文方法,根据新一代地震区划图或地震安全性评价确定的地震动参数,可以直接估计结构在未来地震中出现不同破坏的概率,这在结构的抗震性能评估和地震损失预测中有一定意义。  相似文献   

酸雨环境下砌体结构地震易损性研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑山锁  程明超  马德龙  牛丽华  郑捷 《地震工程学报》2016,38(1):79-88

对4榀相同特性的砖墙进行不同程度的酸雨腐蚀试验及低周反复荷载试验,得出其在不同腐蚀循环次数下的滞回曲线。基于陆新征-曲哲恢复力模型对砖墙试件进行模拟分析,并与试验结果进行对比,验证得出三弹簧单元模型能够较准确预测砌体构件的滞回性能。利用三弹簧单元模型对不同腐蚀次数下砌体结构进行IDA分析,得出不同腐蚀次数下砌体结构的易损性曲线,通过对"小震"、"中震"、"大震"下结构失效概率的分析得出,酸雨腐蚀能够严重影响结构的力学性能,使得结构的抗震性能显著下降。  相似文献   

基于震害预测的动态震害矩阵方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

姚新强  孙柏涛  陈宇坤  杨绪连  周强  朱宏 《地震工程学报》2016,38(2):318-322

基于时间因素(材料内部作用、荷载作用和环境影响)和事件因素中的地震因素和抗震加固,通过结构可靠度理论研究和结构材料与构件的试验分析,结合现有的结构动态抗力函数以及不同极限破坏状态和结构抗力之间的对应关系,建立结构的动态易损性。研究事件因素中的拆迁和新建对城市建筑结构数量和类型的影响,以及未来城市不同结构类型的变化特点,给出未来城市的动态震害矩阵;研究群体震害矩阵的异地应用和事件因素中拆迁和新建建筑对震害矩阵的影响,在已有震害预测城市的建筑结构基础资料上,应用模糊数学中可信度方法,形成目标城市的动态震害矩阵,有利于进行结构的抗震设防和地震风险分析。  相似文献   

Fragility estimation and sensitivity analysis of an idealized pile-supported wharf with batter piles     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

The main objective of the present study is to develop seismic fragility curves of an idealized pile-supported wharf with batter piles through a practical framework. Proposing quantitative limit states, analytical fragility curves are developed considering three engineering demand parameters (EDPs), including displacement ductility factor (µ_d), differential settlement between deck and behind land (DS) and normalized residual horizontal displacement (NRHD). Analytical fragility curves are generated using the results of a numerical model. So, the accuracy and reliability of resulted fragility curves directly depend on how accurate the seismic demand quantities are estimated. In addition, the seismic performance of pile-supported wharves is highly influenced by geotechnical properties of the soil structure system. Hence, a sensitivity analysis using the first-order second-moment (FOSM) method is performed to evaluate the effects of geotechnical parameters uncertainties in the seismic performance of the wharf.Herein, the seismic performance of the wharf structure is simulated using the representative FLAC2D model and performing nonlinear time history analyses under a suit of eight ground motion records. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is used to estimate the seismic demand quantities. As a prevailing tool, adopted fragility curves are useful to seismic risk assessment. They can also be used to optimize wharf-retrofit methods. The results of sensitivity analysis demonstrate that uncertainties associated with the porosity of loose sand contribute most to the variance of both NRHD and µ_d. While in the case of differential settlement, the friction angle of loose sand contributes most to the variance.  相似文献   

Ambient noise as the new source for urban engineering seismology and earthquake engineering: a case study from Beijing metropolitan area          下载免费PDF全文

Lanbo Liu  Qi-fu Chen  Weijun Wang  Eric Rohrbach 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(1):89-100

In highly populated urban centers, traditional seismic survey sources can no longer be properly applied due to restrictions in modern civilian life styles. The ambient vibration noise, including both microseisms and microtremor, though are generally weak but available anywhere and anytime, can be an ideal supplementary source for conducting seismic surveys for engineering seismology and earthquake engineering. This is fundamentally supported by advanced digital signal processing techniques for effectively extracting the useful information out from the noise. Thus, it can be essentially regarded as a passive seismic method. In this paper we first make a brief survey of the ambient vibration noise, followed by a quick summary of digital signal processing for passive seismic surveys. Then the applications of ambient noise in engineering seismology and earthquake engineering for urban settings are illustrated with examples from Beijing metropolitan area. For engineering seismology the example is the assessment of site effect in a large area via microtremor observations. For earthquake engineering the example is for structural characterization of a typical reinforced concrete high-rise building using background vibration noise. By showing these examples we argue that the ambient noise can be treated as a new source that is economical, practical, and particularly valuable to engineering seismology and earthquake engineering projects for seismic hazard mitigation in urban areas.  相似文献   

泥石流危害桥隧工程易损性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐林荣  陈舒阳  曹禄来 《岩土力学》2014,35(9):2642-2650

为将泥石流灾害损失评价由宏观价值评判提升至可为工程服务,曾提出了基于结构损毁程度评判的工程易损性概念。然而,诸如桥隧工程在遭受泥石流危害时,仅靠结构损毁程度无法正确判定实际灾情,会导致对功能完全损失而结构受损较轻的受灾工况“轻”判、功能尚可而结构损毁较重的受灾工况“重”判。鉴于此,在原有结构损毁程度评判的基础上,通过增加承灾特征、线路规格、恢复成本等桥隧工程使用功能的影响因素,形成了既关注“结构损毁”,又重视“功能损失”的泥石流危害桥隧工程易损性评价方法。实例分析表明,该方法克服了单一结构评判的不足,与现场灾情更为相符。这丰富并发展了工程易损性评价的内涵,使评价结果更为全面、合理,对正确预判或验证桥隧工程遭受泥石流危害受灾情况,合理妥善地准备或及时准确地启动应急预案,具有重要意义。  相似文献