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21.
Dark Times: nighttime satellite imagery as a detector of regional disparity and the geography of conflict 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Luca Coscieme Paul C. Sutton Sharolyn Anderson Qing Liu Christopher D. Elvidge 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(1):118-139
Satellite observations of night-time emitted lights describe a geography of the spatial distribution of resource use. Measurements of nocturnal lights enable the calculation of the total light emitted from each country of the world, and the light emitted per capita. We consider different groups of countries that share a land or maritime border and whose light per capita can be more equally/unequally distributed. A sharp difference in light per capita among neighboring countries reflects marked differences in economic welfare and in the extent of built environments. We demonstrate how this geography of nocturnal lights informs our understanding of the dynamics of conflict at the national and regional scale. We propose an index of regional disparity and test its ability to detect conflict dynamics by relating the index score with the occurrence and intensity of conflicts as classified by the Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research’s Conflict Barometer 2012 for the countries of the world. This method can be used to produce a global available temporal sampling of “cold spots” of disparity where conflicts are likely to occur. This will help foresee the identification and monitoring of regions of the world,which are becoming particularly unstable, assisting in the definition and execution of timely and proactive policies. 相似文献
22.
Over the past three decades, feminist historiography of geography has begun to situate women's contribution to the production of geographical knowledge within the histories of geography, at times against the conviction of skeptical colleagues. In this Focus Section introduction, we renew Domosh's (1991a, 1991b) call for creating more inclusive feminist histories of geography by situating the three focus section articles on the careers and contributions of women in twentieth-century geographical practice and knowledge production in the United Kingdom and the United States within wider debates about diverse, unfamiliar, and previously hidden aspects of geographical knowledge production. We argue that feminist historiography of geography and feminist historical geography could benefit from continuously diversifying inclusive and comparative research perspectives, and from unlocking diverse archives, to enhance understanding of why and how some male and some female gatekeepers have been more supportive of women than others. 相似文献
23.
博台线作为中国区域发展均衡线的佐证分析——以城市温室气体排放为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
国际政治经济形势正在发生深刻变化,实现区域协调均衡发展对于形成以国内大循环为主的新发展格局至关重要。方创琳于2020年2月提出垂直于胡焕庸线的博台线可以表征中国区域发展的均衡格局。本文通过对中国338个地级市的温室气体排放水平进行分析,旨在论证博台线作为中国区域发展均衡线的合理性和可能性。结果显示：① 2015年二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）、氧化亚氮（N2O）和含氟温室气体总量以博台线为界呈南北对称的空间分布格局,且博台线两侧各类温室气体的排放强度和人均排放量分布基本均衡,各产业部门CO2排放强度和人均排放量的区域差异均较小;② 博台线西南半壁和东北半壁内各类温室气体排放在GDP和人口维度上总体呈均衡分布态势,且各部门CO2排放强度和人均排放量的空间分布也较为均衡。总体而言,博台线两侧表征人类活动强度的温室气体排放水平较为均衡,一定程度上反映出其作为中国区域发展战略均衡线的科学性与合理性。 相似文献
24.
以广东省为例,采用改进两步移动搜索法测算医疗与养老设施可达性,然后采用自相关分析法、基尼系数分析医疗与养老设施的适老化及均等性,最后运用Spearman相关系数对医疗与养老设施可达性及均等性的影响因素进行分析。结果表明：1）改进两步移动搜索法更能准确反映医疗与养老设施可达性,珠三角地区老年人医疗、养老设施可达性相对较好,东、西部沿海经济区相对较差;但珠三角地区养老设施医疗可达性在四大区域中最差。2）广佛都市区、梅州市北部等地区的医疗与养老设施适老化不足,广东省医疗与养老设施可达性存在较大的不均等。3）路网密度、人口密度、人均GDP、公共财政支出与广东省医疗、养老设施可达性显著相关,平均海拔、生态环境状况指数、面积、路网密度、人口密度、人均GDP、公共财政支出与广东省老年人医疗、养老设施可达性的均等性显著相关。 相似文献
25.
针对动态数据处理领域观测方程中存在乘性噪声的情况,提出在乘性噪声系统中状态附等式约束的一套滤波算法。该算法首先通过把观测向量进行扩维,然后基于投影定理进行滤波求解得到基于线性最小方差的最优滤波算法。通过与基于最优化理论的方法求解得到的算法进行对比分析及仿真对比验证了该算法的有效性。 相似文献
26.
《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):94-129
Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan. 相似文献
27.
Tora Friberg 《GeoJournal》2006,65(4):275-285
This article is based on a research project “Gender perspectives in comprehensive planning” where the aim is partly to ascertain how planners incorporate a gender perspective in comprehensive physical planning, and partly to identify the conceptions of gender/sex held by planners in this area. In our investigation, the question is raised whether
comprehensive planning is perceived as neutral in terms of gender, if there are discussions or reflections that question this
point of view and if there have been any contributions from a gender equality point of view. The aim is to expose how these
discussions take place, examine reflections on this topic and to report and analyse how efforts to achieve gender equality
in comprehenisve planning are shaped. To accomplish this goal, the study draws more on feminist theorization than on planning
theory. 相似文献
28.
空间认知对等导航电子地图的简化探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于地图功能的改变和移动服务独特的用图环境,提出采用“空间认知对等地图”以满足导航用户的认知需求;介绍“空间认知对等地图”的概念和地图中应表现的认知信息、地图的简化过程和简化过程中的拓扑关系维护,给出地图的简化效果。这种地图不仅能满足空间认知需要,而且能缓解目前在LBS应用中存在的地图数据与屏幕大小的矛盾,适应移动环境下用户的多行为状态和终端硬件特点。 相似文献
29.
A serious spatial inequality of educational opportunity in school enrollment persists worldwide. The use of random mechanisms in school allocation might improve spatial equality, with lotteries applied in some choice-based systems. China uses a proximity-based assignment, yet the optimization of spatial equality of educational opportunity by introducing a lottery has received little consideration. To achieve the maximum spatial equality of educational opportunity, in this study, a random proximity-based model was developed, and the swarm optimization method was used to solve the model. A case study in the Shijingshan district of Beijing was used to illustrate the model outputs. For comparison, a proximity-based model was also developed and solved. After introducing a lottery into a proximity-based enrollment system, the spatial disparity of educational opportunity was reduced by 70 percent. The average travel distance to school increased 3.5-fold but was still much less than the actual average distance of 4.3?km. Relaxing the maximum travel distance constraint could significantly improve spatial inequality. Although total equality was significantly improved, only 51 percent of students benefited from increased opportunities, which implies that the model could be adopted in a centralized institutional context, such as China, but might be ineffective in a democratic system. 相似文献
30.
公共医疗设施配置合理与否影响城乡居民健康和福祉,科学客观测算乡村地区公共医疗设施公平可达性具有重要意义。乡村地区人口规模较小且分散居住,居民就医行为有别于城市居民,2SFCA或3SFCA方法难以客观揭示乡村地区人口分布规律和就医出行特征,导致评估乡村地区医疗设施可达性时效果不佳。论文根据海口市乡村居民就医出行规律选择距离衰减函数,格网化研究区形成人口需求点,考虑不同等级医疗机构对居民就医的吸引,改进了3SFCA算法,建立乡村地区公共医疗设施可达性与空间公平性评估方法体系,并以海口市为案例进行实证分析。结果表明：① 基于改进3SFCA法建立的可达性评价模型可以获得更精准客观的评价结果;② 海口市乡村地区公共医疗设施可达性整体较差且空间分异明显,高值区分布在东部的三江、云龙及甲子镇,低值区主要集中在研究区西部;③ 海口市乡村地区公共医疗设施配置的公平性不佳,少量的高和较高公平等级区域均位于中低人口密度区,而低和极低公平等级区域覆盖了广大的高人口密度区,医疗资源配置的公平性亟需改善。 相似文献