中国流动人口的影响要素与空间分布   总被引：66，自引：14，他引：66  

朱传耿  顾朝林  马荣华  甄峰  张伟 《地理学报》2001,56(5):549-560

利用公安部 1 996年流动人口统计数据 ,对中国流动人口的影响要素和空间分布进行了分析和研究。首先 ,从城市角度分析中国流动人口的“拉力”要素发现 :流动人口规模与经济增长要素、投资要素相关显著 ,与社会发展要素、消费要素相关不显著 ;其次 ,运用 GIS技术与空间相关分析的综合集成方法 ,对中国流动人口的空间分布进行研究 ,结果表明 :中国流动人口分布存在着突出的城乡“二元”结构、东中西“3带、 5区”的空间格局。  相似文献   

不同盐度对施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响     

刘超  彭张明  黄佳  刘志刚 《海洋科学》2015,39(12):65-69

为提高施氏獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii)育苗成活率,作者采用单因子实验设计,研究了不同海水盐度对北部湾海域施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响。结果表明,施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫的临界存活盐度为22.84~33.12、适宜存活盐度为24.54~31.54、较适宜存活盐度为25.83~30.17、最适宜存活盐度为26.8~29.4;临界生长盐度为~35.67、适宜生长盐度为22.51~31.66、较适宜生长盐度为27.51~31.37、最适宜生长盐度为29.4;综合盐度对存活率和生长率的影响,施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫最佳的培育盐度为29.4。研究结果为施氏獭蛤育苗场的选址及人工育苗提供了参考。  相似文献   

Reef fishes recruited at midwater coral nurseries consume biofouling and reduce cleaning time in Seychelles,Indian Ocean     

S Frias-Torres  H Goehlich  C Reveret  PH Montoya-Maya 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(3):421-426

In coral reef restoration, coral gardening involves rearing coral fragments in underwater nurseries prior to transplantation. These nurseries become fish-aggregating devices and attract biofouling. We hypothesised that: (1) the presence of corals at a nursery is critical to recruit fish assemblages and (2) the recruited fish assemblages control biofouling, reducing person-hours invested in nursery cleaning. Three midwater coral nurseries were deployed at 8?m depth for 27 months within the marine protected area of Cousin Island Special Reserve, Seychelles, Indian Ocean. Each nursery consisted of a 6?m×6?m PVC pipe frame, layered with a recycled 5.5-cm-mesh tuna net. Human cleaning effort was calculated based on daily dive logs. Nursery-associated fish assemblages and behaviour were video-recorded prior to harvesting corals after a 20-month growth period and seven months post-coral harvesting. The density (ind. m–2) of blue-yellow damselfish Pomacentrus caeruleus was 12–16 times higher when corals were present than when corals were absent at the nurseries. Fish assemblages recruited into the nurseries included three trophic levels, from herbivores to omnivores, in six families: Ephippidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae (Scarinae), Gobiidae, Siganidae and Monacanthidae. Higher abundance of large fish (total number of individuals) resulted in 2.75 times less person-hours spent in nursery cleaning. These results have important implications for cost-effective coral reef restoration.  相似文献   

实时交通数据支持下的医疗服务时空可达性分析     

徐皓  乔庆华  李艳红  陈国岭  刘佳  甘霖 《测绘通报》2023,(1):113-119

针对现有城市医疗服务可达性分析方法未考虑就医偏好,导致测算结果与居民实际感受相差较大的问题,本文提出了一种顾及时间和距离成本偏好的医疗服务时空可达性分析方法,并以武汉市中心城区为例进行了分析。试验结果表明,研究方法充分利用交通路况,兼顾了交通距离和通行时间对就医选择的影响,距离偏好在新方法中作用显著。该方法一方面可以体现不同时刻可达性差异,另一方面又强调了居民就医的时间和距离成本偏好,相比单一的时间或距离成本更具优势,分析结果更符合现实。  相似文献   

强迫摇荡运动三维球体水动力系数的CFD计算     

韩翔希  赵成璧  唐友宏  范少涛  林慰  陈晓明 《海洋工程》2014,32(3):96-103

采用计算流体力学(CFD)的雷诺平均法(RANS方法),并考虑了自由表面的影响(采用VOF方法模拟自由表面),来模拟三维球体的单自由度强迫摇荡运动,得到纵荡、升沉及横摇的附加质量与阻尼系数。该数值模拟结果与三维势流理论计算的结果进行比较,趋势基本一致,但CFD方法更能凸显粘性的作用。本文所应用方法能合理给出浮式结构物的水动力系数,更精确描述海洋浮式结构物周围的流场,可应用于船舶与海洋工程浮式结构物的水动力性能研究。  相似文献   

Dynamic response analysis of a floating mooring system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Conghuan Le  Hongyan Ding  Puyang Zhang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(3):381-389

An innovative floating mooring system with two or more independent floating mooring platforms in the middle and one rigid platform on each side is proposed for improving efficiency and safety in shallow water. For this new system, most of collision energy is absorbed through the displacement of floating platforms. In order to illustrate the validity of the system, a series of model tests were conducted at a scale of 1:40. The coupled motion characteristics of the floating mooring platforms were discussed under regular and irregular waves, and the influences of wave direction and other characteristics on dynamic response of the system were analyzed. The results show that the mooring system is safest at 0° of wave incident angle, whereas the most dangerous mooring state occurs at 90° of wave incident angle. Motion responses increase with the increase of wave height, but are not linearly related to changes in wave height.  相似文献   

Effect of under connected plates on the hydrodynamic efficiency of the floating breakwater     

A. S. Koraim  O. S. Rageh 《中国海洋工程》2014,28(3):349-362

In this paper, the hydrodynamic efficiency of a floating breakwater system is experimentally studied by use of physical models. Regular waves with wide ranges of wave heights and periods are tested. The efficiency of the breakwater is presented as a function of the wave transmission, reflection, and energy dissipation coefficients. Different parameters affecting the breakwater efficiency are investigated, e.g. the number of the under connected vertical plates, the length of the mooring wire, and the wave length. It is found that, the transmission coefficient kt decreases with the increase of the relative breakwater width B/L, the number of plates n and the relative wire length l/h, while the reflection coefficient kr takes the opposite trend. Therefore, it is possible to achieve kt values smaller than 0.25 and kr values larger than 0.80 when B/L is larger than 0.25 for the case of l/h-1.5 and n=4. In addition, empirical equations used for estimating the transmission and reflection coefficients are developed by using the dimensionless analysis, regression analysis and measured data and verified by different theoretical and experimental results.  相似文献   

Nonlinear optimization method of ship floating condition calculation in wave based on vector     

丁宁  余建星 《中国海洋工程》2014,28(4):471-478

Ship floating condition in regular waves is calculated. New equations controlling any ship＇s floating condition are proposed by use of the vector operation. This form is a nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved using the penalty function method with constant coefficients. And the solving process is accelerated by dichotomy. During the solving process, the ship＇s displacement and buoyant centre have been calculated by the integration of the ship surface according to the waterline. The ship surface is described using an accumulative chord length theory in order to determine the displacement, the buoyancy center and the waterline. The draught forming the waterline at each station can be found out by calculating the intersection of the ship surface and the wave surface. The results of an example indicate that this method is exact and efficient. It can calculate the ship floating condition in regular waves as well as simplify the calculation and improve the computational efficiency and the precision of results.  相似文献   

全液压顶驱钻机背钳的设计及运动仿真分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨虎伟  赵大军  于萍  隗延龙  李淑敏  孙梓航 《探矿工程》2014,41(2):56-60

针对大陆科学钻探接卸钻杆进行上卸扣操作复杂繁琐、夹持稳定性差等问题,设计了一种适应于科学钻探全液压顶驱钻机的新型背钳装置。该装置具有夹持力大、对钻杆损伤小、工作性能稳定、双向浮动等特点,解决了钻进过程中频繁倒杆问题,快速完成上卸扣操作作业,极大地缩短了辅助作业时间。并利用ADAMS动力学仿真软件,对夹紧机构进行了运动仿真分析,验证了机构设计的合理性。  相似文献   

江苏省流动人口城—镇—乡分布的时空分异与影响因素     

汤爽爽  周婧  邓颖慧  许琪琪 《地理学报》2022,77(12):3055-3071

以江苏省为研究区,探索了2010—2020年间流动人口在城、镇和乡（即城区、镇区和乡村3类地域类型）分布的时空分异和影响因素。研究发现：① 江苏省城和镇流动人口占常住人口的比例普遍增加,但镇的增幅明显高于城,乡的流动人口占比却在近一半的市县出现减少。② 江苏省流动人口苏南—苏中—苏北分布的梯度格局尚未发生根本性改变,苏南仍是吸引流动人口的高地,但苏中和苏北的镇对省内流动人口的吸引显著增强。③ 苏南一些乡和苏中、苏北一些镇流动人口占比有明显提升,体现了乡镇对流动人口的集聚能力。④ 模型结果显示,政府社会投入的增加有利于增强城、镇、乡对流动人口的吸引力;城镇居民恩格尔系数在城和镇对两类流动人口占比的影响有所不同;产业的影响因城、镇和乡的不同而分异：工业在城、镇、乡均为正向影响;产业结构的高级化在城镇仅对省内流动人口占比具有正向作用;农林牧渔业在乡为负向影响。  相似文献