涡流发生器对潮流能水轮机翼型水动力学特性影响的数值模拟     

孙浩伟  谭俊哲  刘永辉  司先才  袁鹏  王树杰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(2):115-122

为了改善潮流能水轮机叶片表面流动分离问题,提高其升阻比,本文通过在潮流能水轮机叶片表面加装涡流发生器,来研究涡流发生器对潮流能水轮机水动力学性能的影响。本文以NACA4418翼型为研究对象,分别建立了含VGs和不含VGs的三维模型,利用CFD方法研究了VGs的高度、长度以及相邻一对VGs之间的间距等多个方面对该翼型性能的影响。结果表明:VGs可以有效地提高翼型的最大升力系数;相邻VGs间距的增加对流动分离的抑制有积极影响。此外,通过对尾迹区流线和旋涡的分析,进一步揭示了尾迹区的流场特征。  相似文献   

面向治理的地理学发展刍议     

罗燊  叶超 《地理学报》2023,78(1):241-255

“四个面向”（面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康）已成为新时代中国科学发展的指针。治理是一个反映“四个面向”的国际前沿研究领域,也是地理学和其他学科研究的焦点。围绕地理学如何应对治理这一关键问题,基于人地耦合的理念,系统梳理国内外地理学进行治理研究的轨迹与特点,从价值、思想、方法、技术4个维度发掘面向治理的地理学发展路径,紧密联系地理学发展动态及治理现代化的实践,从基础研究、平台建设、人才培育3个方面提出发展策略。提升中国地理学在国际治理研究中的影响力,促进地理学与其他学科的交叉融合,将自然与人文有机结合的理念应用于社会治理,增进居民福祉,并服务国家战略和区域可持续发展。  相似文献   

空间视角下城乡物流网络的内涵、构成要素与研究框架     

王钊  李涛  黄文杰 《地理科学》2023,43(1):82-91

地理学视角的物流网络研究已成为物流科学领域的热点方向。从地理学的空间视角出发,在明确城乡物流网络理论来源和相关概念的基础上,对城乡物流网络的内涵、构成及研究框架进行梳理。基于研究,首先给出了城乡物流网络的定义,认为城乡物流网络的本质是旧的城市物流网络和乡村物流网络在空间上的延伸、衔接和提效。其次,从空间视角将城乡物流网络分解为节点、连线和域面3要素,指出网络各要素均出现了功能强化和更新,如节点的管理、衔接和经济社会功能强化;连线的联结功能和平衡功能出现,域面的协同组织、动态调整功能突出。最后,遵循地理学“格局-过程-机理-决策”的科学逻辑,提出“数据采集与融合、要素映射与解析、时空比较与分析、机理探究与优化”4个模块的城乡物流网络分析框架,为深刻揭示城乡物流网络结构及其演化机理提供基础。进一步指出未来应探讨城乡物流节点、连线、域面及网络的地区类型、区域适宜性及要素间相互作用机制,提炼适应不同区域、能有效提升要素流通效应的多尺度空间组织模式,加强对城乡要素流通系统的科学认知,科学支撑城乡地域融合发展实践。  相似文献   

武汉市不同站域建成环境与轨道交通站点客流特征关系分析     

李清嘉  彭建东  杨红 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(7):1246-1258

中国已经成为全世界城市轨道交通建设里程最长、建设速度最快的国家,合理识别城市轨道站点类别与影响不同类别站点客流特征的建成环境因素对轨道交通的建设具有十分重要的作用。因此,本文以武汉市为例,通过轨道交通刷卡数据,运用引入客流特征的EM聚类方法,将轨道交通站点分为职住错位型、居住导向型、就业导向型、居住综合型、就业综合型、综合型6类。并在此基础上,建立无序多分类logistic回归模型,定量分析站点客流吸引范围内建成环境因素对不同类型站点轨道交通客流特征的影响。结果表明：以综合型站点为对照组,路网密度和交叉口密度对所有类型站点的客流特征有显著影响,低路网密度高交叉口密度更有利于职住平衡;公交车站密度与就业导向型站点的客流特征存在负相关;商务用地占比对职住错位型、居住导向型、居住综合型站点有负向关系;服务业设施用地占比与职住错位型、居住导向型和就业综合型站点的客流特征负相关;科研教育用地占比与居住导向型和就业导向型站点客流特征负相关;土地利用混合度与居住导向型和就业综合型站点的客流特征负相关。研究结论将对武汉市轨道交通建设、轨道交通和土地利用协调发展等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Volume estimation of small scale debris flows based on observations of topographic changes using airborne LiDAR DEMs     

Hosung Kim  Seung Woo Lee  Chan-Young Yune  Gihong Kim 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):578-591

This paper describes a geographic information system(GIS)-based method for observing changes in topography caused by the initiation, transport, and deposition of debris flows using highresolution light detection and ranging(LiDAR) digital elevation models(DEMs) obtained before and after the debris flow events. The paper also describes a method for estimating the volume of debris flows using the differences between the LiDAR DEMs. The relative and absolute positioning accuracies of the LiDAR DEMs were evaluated using a real-time precise global navigation satellite system(GNSS) positioning method. In addition, longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of the study area were constructed to determine the topographic changes caused by the debris flows. The volume of the debris flows was estimated based on the difference between the LiDAR DEMs. The accuracies of the relative and absolute positioning of the two LiDAR DEMs were determined to be ±10 cm and ±11 cm RMSE, respectively, which demonstrates the efficiency of the method for determining topographic changes at an scale equivalent to that of field investigations. Based on the topographic changes, the volume of the debris flows in the study area was estimated to be 3747 m3, which is comparable with the volume estimated based on the data from field investigations.  相似文献   

Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle composition     

Cui Du  Ling-kan Yao  Subhashsagar Shakya  Lun-gui Li  Xiao-dan Sun 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):634-643

The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.  相似文献   

Fine root distribution pattern of different aged Leucaena leucocephala trees in debris flow source area in Jiangjia Gully,China     

Ling-hui Guo  Dao-jie Wang  Xiang-min Sun  Dong Chen  Xiao-yan Chen 《山地科学学报》2014,11(4):941-949

Fine root is critical to restrain soil erosion and its distribution pattern is of great influence on the restraining effects. This study studied the fine root biomass(Br) distribution of different aged Leucaena leucocephala(5, 10, 15 years) in debris flow source area in Jiangjia Gully by digging downward to the bottom at different distances to stem in three directions on slope. The results showed the Br increased dramatically by 143% from 5 years to 10 years and then rose slowly by 38% from 10 years to 15 years. The Br of 5 years was significantly asymmetric between uphill and alonghill directions, but there was little difference among directions for other ages, and a concentration trend appeared to exist in downhill and alonghill directions. Moreover, fine root(D≤1 mm) was significantly heavier than that of fine root(1mmD≤2 mm), playing a leading role in the vertical distribution of the whole fine root, with a logarithmic or an exponential function. The results presented may shed light on fine root distribution pattern and evaluation of its effect on slope stability in debris flow source area.  相似文献   

莱芜市主要地质灾害特征易发区划分及防治措施          下载免费PDF全文

苏宝成  周广海  鲁峰  安如意 《山东国土资源》2014,30(3):65-68

该文总结了莱芜市地质灾害的总体特征,同时具体分析了各种地质灾害的类型、地理分布和主要影响因素等个体特征。以截至2012底的数据为依据,采用地质灾害综合危险性指数法,对莱芜市地质灾害易发程度进行综合分区评价,划定了莱芜市地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区,针对不同的地质灾害种类提出了相应的防治措施。  相似文献   

群孔抽水试验在新疆哈密大南湖矿区烧变岩层中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

张兆民  鲁孟胜  孙德全 《山东国土资源》2014,30(8)

新疆哈密大南湖矿区北露天煤矿首采区东南部需要揭露Ⅲ火烧岩区一部分,这使得烧变岩水成为露天煤矿矿井充水的主要水源。资源勘探阶段的水文地质资料表明,烧变岩区赋水空间发育、透水能力强,储存量非常可观,但由于受资源勘探阶段水文地质勘探工程量制约,水文地质条件未能详细查明。因此为达到查明烧变岩地下水水力联系、水质变化情况,充分暴露Ⅲ火烧区烧变岩的水文地质条件的目的,设计了该次群孔抽水试验。该次试验查明了烧变岩含水层的水文地质条件,为烧变岩地质条件下防治水工作提供了依据。综合分析表明Ⅲ火烧区烧变岩为储存量型含水层,其补给条件差。  相似文献   

三维地质模型在泰安市地下空间开发中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

陈伟清  胡庆玲  焦玉国  程凤 《山东国土资源》2014,30(5)

在城市化进程不断加快的今天,城市地下空间开发利用已经成为提高城市容量、缓解交通、改善环境的重要手段。为全面深化对泰安城市地下空间的认识,有效挖掘城市后备空间资源的巨大潜力,通过综合集成钻孔编录、地质图件和数字地形图等多源地学数据,借助MapGIS三维地质建模软件,初步建立起泰安城市三维地质模型,以直观的方式表达工程岩土体空间分布等地质信息,为更好地保护利用泰安市地下空间提供地质依据。  相似文献