Late Cryogenian glaciation in South Australia:Fluctuating ice margin and no extreme or rapid post-glacial sea-level rise     

George E.Williams  Victor A.Gostin 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(4):1397-1408

Postulated extreme sea-level rise of up to 1-1.5 km with the late Cryogenian Ghaub deglaciation in Namibia is contentious,as is the great rapidity(<104 yr)of the sea-level rise.Such extreme glacioeustatic events,if real,would have been global and affected all continents.In South Australia,up to six glacial advances and retreats during the late Cryogenian Elatina glaciation indicate a fluctuating ice margin.The latter stage of the Elatina glaciation and the immediate post-glacial environment are examined here for evidence of extreme and rapid sea-level rise.In the central Adelaide Rift Complex,diamictite with faceted and striated clasts occurs at the top of the Elatina Formation<1-2 m beneath the early Ediacaran Nuccaleena Formation’cap carbonate’.One hundred kilometres to the south,~30 m of siltstone and sandstone followed by^6 m of clast-poor diamictite with clasts 10+cm long occur between tidal rhythmites and the cap carbonate.Three hundred kilo metres further south,~70 m of siltsto ne,dolo mitic siltstone and minor dolomite separate tidal rhythmites and early Ediacaran strata.Hence the rhythmites were deposited during a high stand(interstadial or interglacial),not during post-glacial sea-level rise.Storm-generated erosional surfaces within tidal rhythmites at Warren Gorge indicate intermittent rhythmite deposition,and water depth and other palaeoenvironmental factors are uncertain,casting doubt on a published estimate of rapid sea-level rise during rhythmite deposition.The lack of late Cryogenian deeply incised valleys and thick valley-fill deposits in South Australia and central Australia argues against extreme sea-level variations.A hiatus occurred between Elatina deglaciation and deposition of the Nuccaleena cap carbonate,and three palaeomagnetic polarity chrons identified in the cap carbonate imply slow deposition spanning 10^5-10^6 yr.This is supported by independent evidence from magnetic chronostratigraphy for Ediacaran strata in South Australia and California,and by stratigraphic and sedimentological arguments for condensed deposition of cap carbonates.It is concluded that neither extreme nor rapid sea-level rise was associated with late Cryogenian deglaciation in South Australia.  相似文献   

Assembly and Breakup of Rodinia (Some results of IGCP project 440)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. V. Bogdanova  S. A. Pisarevsky  Z. X. Li 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2009,17(3):259-274

The principal results of project 440 “Assembly and Breakup of Rodinia” of the International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP) are reviewed in this work. A map of that supercontinent compiled using geological and paleomagnetic data describes global paleogeography 900 Ma ago. The assembly of Rodinia, which comprised most of Precambrian continental blocks, lasted ca. 400 m.y. (from 1300 to 900 Ma). Its breakup presumably triggered by mantle superplume took place between 830 and 650 Ma. The correlation between tectonic events in different continental blocks is considered. Some problems concerning the Rodinia reconstruction and history, e.g., the slow growth of juvenile crust and effects of mantle-plume events during the amalgamation period and of glaciations at the breakup time, are discussed. The latter caused changes in the biosphere and climate, whereas postglacial periods stimulated progress in biota evolution.  相似文献   

Basinal setting and origin of thick (1·8 km) mass‐flow dominated Grand Conglomérat diamictites,Kamoa, Democratic Republic of Congo: Resolving climate and tectonic controls during Neoproterozoic glaciations     

Kirsten Kennedy  Nicholas Eyles  David Broughton 《Sedimentology》2019,66(2):556-589

The Kamoa sub‐basin, in the south‐eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, is a rift basin that hosts a world‐class stratiform copper deposit at the base of a very thick (1·8 km) succession of matrix‐supported conglomerates (diamictite) (Grand Conglomérat Formation) that has been interpreted by some as the product of deposition in the aftermath of a planet‐wide glaciation. Newly available subsurface data consisting of more than 300 km of drill core throws new light on the origin of diamictite and associated facies types, and their tectonic, basinal and palaeoclimatic setting. Initiation of rifting is recorded by a lowermost subaqueous succession of fault‐related mass flow conglomerates and breccias (the ‘Poudingue’) with interdigitating coeval and succeeding sandstone turbidites (Mwashya Subgroup). Overlying diamictites of the Grand Conglomérat were deposited as subaqueous debrites produced by mixing and homogenization of antecedent breccias and gravel from the Poudingue and Mwashya sediments with basinal muds. Failure of over‐steepened basin margins and debris flow was likely to be triggered by faulting and seismic activity, and was accompanied by syn‐depositional subaqueous basaltic magmatism recorded by peperites and pillow lavas within diamictites. The thickness of diamictites reflects recurring phases of faulting, volcanism and rapid subsidence allowing continued accommodation of rapidly deposited resedimented facies well below wave base. A distal or indirect, glacial influence in the form of rare dropstones and striated clasts is evident, but tectonically‐driven mass flow destroyed any primary record of glacial climate originally present in basin margin sediments. Such basin margin settings were common during Rodinia rifting and their stratigraphy and facies record a dominant tectonic, rather than climatic, control on sedimentation. Deposition occurred on tectonic timescales inconsistent with a Snowball Earth model for Neoproterozoic diamictites involving a direct glacial contribution to deposition.  相似文献   

华南扬子陆块成冰纪冰川作用的启动时限及其全球对比^*   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蔡娟娟  崔晓庄  兰中伍  王剑  江卓斐  邓奇  卓皆文  陈风霖  江新胜 《古地理学报》2018,20(1):65-86

江口冰期和南沱冰期是华南地区引人注目的2次成冰纪冰川事件,但其确切启动时间及其全球对比关系仍未有定论。为此,对桂北地区成冰系(南华系)长安组底部和南沱组底部冰成杂砾岩开展了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究。长安组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中分布于958—717 Ma,显著峰值为720、753、805及848 Ma,最年轻一组 ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U 年龄的加权平均值为719.6±6.1 Ma,可解释为长安组最大沉积年龄;南沱组碎屑锆石U-Pb 年龄集中分布于987—649 Ma,显著峰值为650、720、753、779、803、823及848 Ma,最年轻一组 ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U 年龄的加权平均值为649.3±6.2 Ma,可解释为南沱组最大沉积年龄。结合已发表的相关年龄数据可知,江口冰期很可能启动于ca.715 Ma,与塔里木、阿拉伯—努比亚、劳伦等陆块的Sturtian冰川作用高度同步;南沱冰期的启动应晚于650 Ma,与西伯利亚、澳大利亚、劳伦等陆块的Marinoan冰川作用基本同步。另外,碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱与CL图像显示,长安组和南沱组的物质来源主要为下伏新元古界岩浆—沉积记录,揭示出冰川对下伏地层的强烈刨蚀作用和华南新元古代幕式构造岩浆热事件。扬子陆块成冰纪冰川刨蚀作用可能与Rodinia 超大陆“裂离”有关的强烈伸展活动存在联系,并可能持续至Marinoan 冰期结束。  相似文献   

西罗斯海阿黛尔盆地新生代构造特征及指示意义     

张峤  高金耀  沈中延  丁维凤 《地球学报》2017,38(4):479-493

本文根据西罗斯海北端阿黛尔盆地及周缘地球物理资料,对地震数据进行二维F-K频率与波数滤波处理,获得噪音被压制,同相轴更连续以及深部信号被明显揭露的数据资料。基于此分析了该区新生代构造特征和岩浆活动,并结合该区冰川作用,总结了与冰川有关的沉积相。研究发现,16 Ma时受到残余岩浆加热造成的阿黛尔海槽隆升作用以及阿黛尔盆地最开始不对称扩张的双重影响,在阿黛尔海槽两翼外分别形成隆起褶皱区和掀斜隆升区。隆起褶皱区以高角度断层和褶皱为特征,分布在阿黛尔海槽东翼南部,覆盖范围较小。掀斜隆升区则以雁行断层和掀斜断块为特征,分布在阿黛尔海槽西翼南部,向南一直伸到陆地边缘。利用火成岩体与围岩间的接触关系,将本区火成岩形成时代大体分为两期:早期和晚新生代火山。早期火山形成时间不易确定,只零星散落在掀斜隆升区内,推测其形成可能与残余岩浆活动有关。晚新生代火山形成时间至少晚于5.5 Ma,分布范围广且分散,基本覆盖整个研究区。这期岩浆活动无论从时间还是空间上可能都与裂谷作用无关,而是受到上新世以来大规模冰川消退造成的地幔减压熔融作用的影响。  相似文献   

湖南第四纪冰川的证据     

童潜明 《地质论评》2017,63(2):337-346

通过十多年来反复观测到的洞庭湖周边近岸岗地的巨砾和网纹红土中孤立镶嵌的包括巨砾级的砾石,以及浏阳市大围山花岗岩岩面上无以数计的臼状圆穴,用排他法进行研究;结合前人对洞庭湖区第四纪的气候信息研究。认为湖南有第四纪山岳冰川活动,支持中国东部中低山区有第四纪冰川活动的认识。  相似文献   

渐趋完善的第四纪冰川研究范式——记第四届中国第四纪冰川与环境变化研讨会   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王乃昂  赵井东  余莺潇  于昕冉  张文佳 《冰川冻土》2017,39(5):1029-1038

冰川是气候变化敏感的指示器,第四纪冰川研究在地球科学中占有重要的地位。2017年8月,第四届中国第四纪冰川与环境变化研讨会在兰州成功举办。与会专家认为,地貌学与沉积地层学的结合以及测年技术的发展,使中国第四纪冰期划分研究取得长足进展,不仅建立了80万年以来可与MIS进行比对的中国第四纪冰期与间冰期演化序列,还推动了中国第四纪环境变化研究的深入。通过研讨和交流,绝大多数专家认为中国东部中低山地某些疑似的第四纪冰川遗迹完全可以用非冰川成因予以解释,在今后的研究工作中应加强岩石地貌、气候地貌和外动力地貌过程的综合研究,尤其需要加强诸如颤痕等微观冰蚀地貌的分类、形成机制和环境意义研究。适时指出泛冰川论的缺陷和不足是本领域科学家的历史责任和使命担当,进一步开展具备科学事实、科学理论和科学观念的研究,从而完善中国第四纪冰川理论。建议国家级学会组织编制第四纪冰川遗迹调查与评价技术规范,加强全国高校自然地理学等相关专业的教师培训工作,同时加大冰川学、地貌学的科学普及力度。  相似文献   

保山地块下二叠统丁家寨组碳同位素特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

罗亮  王冬兵  尹福光  任飞  宁括步 《沉积与特提斯地质》2017,37(4):58-68

对保山地块的下二叠统丁家寨组碳酸盐岩、含砾钙质杂砂岩及其上、下层位的碳酸盐岩进行了野外剖面实测、钻孔编录和碳、氧同位素分析测试,发现该地区丁家寨组碳同位素表现出一定的变化规律。丁家寨组之下和之上的碳酸盐岩δ13C值偏大(均为正值),而丁家寨组δ13C值出现了一至多次负偏移。珊瑚化石和苔藓虫化石分别在铺门前组和丁家寨组中被发现,为其时代的限定提供了新依据。通过与全球其它地区同期碳氧同位素分布的投图对比,发现该时期碳、氧同位素数据因受到冰川的影响而表现出具有较强的线性相关性,这些样品受到了成岩作用的影响。δ13C负偏移可能与冰期低水位期沉积和成岩过程中近地表的暴露有关。卧牛寺玄武岩大面积喷发引起的各种效应,包括CO2含量的升高、全球变暖、风化作用的加强、陆源碎屑输入的增加等多种因素,协同冰川作用共同影响了丁家寨组海洋无机碳同位素的变化。  相似文献   

LICHENOMETRY ON ADELAIDE ISLAND, ANTARCTIC PENINSULA: SIZE-FREQUENCY STUDIES, GROWTH RATES AND SNOWPATCHES     

BY NICHOLAS R. GOLLEDGE  JEREMY D. EVEREST  TOM BRADWELL  JOANNE S. JOHNSON 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2010,92(1):111-124

This paper presents new lichenometric population data from the Antarctic Peninsula (67°S), and describes a new approach to lichen growth-rate calibration in locations where dated surfaces are extremely rare. We use historical aerial photography and field surveys to identify sites of former perennial snowpatches where lichen populations now exist. As an independent check on lichen mortality by snowkill, and the timing of snow patch disappearance, we use a positive-degree day (PDD) approach based on monthly climate data from Rothera Research Station. We find that maximum growth rates for lichens <40 mm in diameter on Adelaide Island are around 0.8 mm/yr. Furthermore, we propose that our combined methodology may be more widely applicable to the Polar Regions where the construction of lichenometric dating (age-size) curves remains a problem.  相似文献   

中国第四纪冰川研究的回顾与展望   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15  

李吉均  舒强  周尚哲  赵志军  张建明 《冰川冻土》2004,26(3):235-243

自从20世纪30年代李四光先生提出庐山和中国东部山地的第四纪冰期理论以来, 关于中国东部山地是否发生过第四纪冰川的问题困惑着国内外的地学工作者, 并为此展开了旷日持久的争论. 20世纪80年代, 经过大量的实地考察和室内分析工作, 在施雅风、崔之久和李吉均等撰写的<中国东部第四纪冰川与环境问题>一书中, 对中国东部第四纪冰川得到以下基本认识: 1)确认在中国东部有确切证据的古冰川遗迹仅在陕西太白山、吉林与朝鲜接壤的长白山、台湾的雪山和玉山等, 而在庐山及中国东部海拔2 000 m以下的山地在第四纪期间从来没有发生过冰川; 2)"泥砾"是"混杂堆积"的一种, 某些疑似的古冰川地形完全可以用其它非冰川成因予以解释, 所谓的冰川沉积多数情况下是季风气候条件下的古泥石流堆积; 3)中国东部第四纪环境发生过很大变化. 第四纪冰期中中国北方多年冻土南界向南扩展约10°, 到达长城一线, 中国东部地区年平均温度降低10～12 ℃. 喜冷动物群如猛犸与披毛犀则向南分布得更远, 到达长江口一带. 海平面下降约140 m, 古海岸远离现代海岸达600 km. 由于冬季风加强, 气候以干冷为主, 不利于冰川发育; 4)根据过去几十年的资料, 中、晚更新世中国西部山地发生过3～5次冰期, 但不存在统一的大冰盖. 因为青藏高原非常年轻, 只是在0.8 Ma BP之后才抬升到海拔3 000 m以上, 进入冰冻圈并发育冰川. 中国在全球变化研究特别是古全球变化研究中处于得天独厚的地位, 中国学者在黄土研究、青藏高原隆升、山地冰芯等方面已取得丰硕成果.  相似文献