Formation and failure of the Tsatichhu landslide dam, Bhutan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

S. A. Dunning  N. J. Rosser  D. N. Petley  C. R. Massey 《Landslides》2006,3(2):107-113

At 00:30 (local time) on the 10th September 2003 a joint and foliation defined wedge of material with an estimated volume of 7–12×10⁶ m³ slid into the narrow Tsatichhu River Valley, in Jarrey Geog, Lhuentse, eastern Bhutan. The Tsatichhu River, a north–easterly flowing tributary of the Kurichuu River, was completely blocked by the landslide. During its movement, the landslide transitioned into a rock avalanche that travelled 580 m across the valley before colliding with the opposite valley wall. The flow then moved down valley, travelling a total distance of some 700 m. The rock avalanche was accompanied by an intense wind blast that caused substantial damage to the heavily forested valley slopes. The resulting geomorphologically-typical rock-avalanche dam deposit created a dam that impounded a water volume of 4–7×10⁶ m³ at lake full level. This lake was released by catastrophic collapse of the landslide, which occurred at 16:20 (local time) on 10th July 2004, after reported smaller failures of the saturated downstream face. The dam failure released a flood wave that had a peak discharge of 5900 m³ s⁻¹ at the Kurichhu Hydropower Plant 35 km downstream.  相似文献   

Hermann Wilhelm Abich im Kaukasus: Zum zweihundertsten Geburtstag     

Ilse Seibold  Eugen Seibold 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(6):1087-1100

Hermann Abich was born in 1806 in Berlin and died in 1886 in Graz. He grew up in a wealthy family which had friendly relations with famous scientists like Alexander von Humboldt, Leopold von Buch or Carl Ritter. After his studies in Heidelberg and Berlin he turned to extended fieldwork at the volcanoes of Italy. In 1833–1834 he published excellent petrological/chemical results and got soon a good scientific reputation. Thus he was nominated as Professor for Geology and Mineralogy of the prestigious Russian University in Dorpat (now Tartu, Esthonia) in 1842. In 1844 he was sent to Armenia by the Russian authorities. For the next three decades his fieldwork with about 190 publications was concentrated on the Great and Lesser Caucasus. This was a period of Russian expansion to the South with long-lasting regional fights. But he enjoyed the support of powerful governors. He was an indefatigable and enthusiastic explorer and a precise observer and designer. His interests covered many fields: morphology, glaciology, structural geology, volcanology with Thermal Springs, mineral resources from hydrocarbons, coal, salt to ores, stratigraphy and paleontology as a base for geological maps. But he also gave advice for practical problems, and he was active in meteorology, botany and archaeology. Alltogether he became “the Father of Caucasus Geology”. The following sketch stresses only on three aspects of his activities. He was one of the first pioneers in hydrocarbon exploration, especially around the anticlines with the mud volcanoes near Baku. In many respects, however, his fundamental ideas were erronous. He explained the structure of the Great Caucasus by the traditional theories of Leopold von Buch and Elie de Beaumont. The Caucasus anticline “was elevated by forces acting from beneath”. Following them he tried to discover regularities in the strike of mountain chains. Similarily he treated volcanism like Alexander von Humboldt and Leopold von Buch with their two groups of phenomena: voluminous, mostly basaltic “elevation craters” versus isolated, mostly trachytic and relatively small cones of “true volcanoes”. In spite of the isolation of the Caucasus region he had cultivated continuously contacts with leading geologists in Europe and was honoured by many institutions. He left Russia in 1876 for Vienna planning to write there the final monograph volumes about his investigations but he died before he could complete them.  相似文献   

2001 debris flow and debris flood in Nam Ko area, Phetchabun province, central Thailand     

S. Yumuang 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(4):545-564

The factors of the debris flow and debris flood (debris flow-flood) occurrence on 11 August 2001 on the active Nam Ko alluvial fan in Phetchabun province, central Thailand, were studied. Evidences of past activity registered in the alluvial fan, and the debris flow-flood event were reconstructed. The disastrous debris flow-flood event was not the work of the unusual high amount of rainfalls alone, as previously theorized, but is a work of combined factors from the terrain characteristics with specific land covers to the time delay for accumulation of debris and sediments. This combination of factors could lead to a debris flow-flood after a high amount of precipitation. The process could also be worse if a landslide formed a natural dam, then the dam was destroyed under the weight of impounded water. After such a disastrous event, it would take time for more plant debris and sediments in the sub-catchment area to accumulate before the next debris flow-flood.  相似文献   

Concept for a Web-based Information System for Flood Management     

K. -P. Holz  G. Hildebrandt  L. Weber 《Natural Hazards》2006,38(1-2):121-140

Recent emergency flood situations at European rivers have revealed the demand for better and in-time information for citizens in flood prone areas about flood development, as well as better coordination of resources and actions during pre-flood phases and its critical stage. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a large potential to improve the situation. Decisions may be supported by information about resources available at the region and national level, by information about means and access to critical locations at the prevention as well as the evacuation phases, and by including citizens as well as managers into one common information and communication process. The paper outlines the potential of ICT for these aspects.  相似文献   

基于GIS技术的福州"三坊七巷"保护性改造规划与管理研究     

高昭良  黄登峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(1):54-56

阐述了地理信息系统技术在福州市“三坊七巷”古城保护规划和改造过程中的应用。并就如何利用GIS的丰富表现力与数据分析、空间数据挖掘及城市规划有机结合进行探讨,从而更好地为福州市“三坊七巷”的改造和规划提供辅助决策支持服务。  相似文献   

柳江致洪暴雨及其影响系统统计特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贾显锋丁治英  刘国忠 《广西气象》2006,27(3):14-17

通过对柳江流域历年25个致洪暴雨过程进行统计分析，发现柳江流域致洪暴雨主要发生于6～7月，20世纪90年代后柳江致洪暴雨的发生频率和强度都有增加的趋势，柳江东北部流域和西部流域是柳江洪水的主要来源地，分析还发现柳江致洪暴雨的主要影响系统有高空槽（南支槽）、低涡、低层切变线、地面静止锋、低空急流、副热带高压等6种，可分为低槽切变类、低涡切变类和低空急流切变类三种类型。  相似文献   

Geochemical characterisation and erosion stability of fine‐grained groyne field sediments of the Middle Elbe River     

Ren Schwartz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2006,34(3):223-233

Because of the significant reduction of flow velocity relative to the main current there is an accumulation of sediment material in the centre of the groyne fields over time (years to decades) up to a maximum of 1.5 m. Based on the element‐ and compound‐specific depth functions of this fine‐grained material with high organic matter content the sedimentation history of the Elbe River sediments concerning the environmentally relevant nutrients and pollutants can be reconstructed. It could be shown that the fresh sediments are less polluted than the deeper older ones. During the extreme flood of the river Elbe in August 2002 the critical erosion shear stress in the groyne fields was high enough to remobilise a considerable portion of the sediment depot. The hazard to the environment is high due to the fact that a significant part of the remobilised polluted sediments was distributed over the recent floodplain which is normally used as pasture. Thus these groyne field sediments represent a temporary danger for the water quality of the river Elbe. But the hazard of the solids sedimented in the recent floodplain of the river can be viewed as long‐lasting.  相似文献   

历史地震损失重建研究     

郭恩栋  王自法  Chris M  Weimin D 《世界地震工程》2006,22(3):10-13

历史地震损失重建是地震损失预测的一种方法,也是用于区域地震风险分析模型验证的一种手段。在介绍了历史地震损失重建一般方法的基础上,对方法中等效全损住宅比例估计方法以及住宅结构地震易损性指数的估计方法进行了重点分析,给出了这两个关键参数的可选择的多种估计方法。  相似文献   

综合物探方法在上海市防汛墙检测中的应用     

王克  沈洪  牟建华  王书增  谭春 《上海国土资源》2006,(3):43-46

上海市防汛墙的坚固与否,关系到上海市人民生命与财产的安全,而传统的钻孔取芯方法,由于具有技术与经济方面的不合理,通过物探的方法对防汛墙体进行了检测,取得了较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

聊城市汛期降水气候特征及旱涝预测模型     

张鹏  杨士恩 《河南气象》2006,(1):33-34

利用1961~2000年聊城市8个测站汛期降水距平百分率资料,分析了聊城市汛期旱涝气候特征,并利用模糊均生函数的概念建立了相应的旱涝预测模型。将建立好的预测模型用历史资料进行回代检验,并对2001~2003年进行预报试用,拟合值曲线与实况值曲线十分接近,预报结果也和实况基本一致。  相似文献