东亚季风区石笋δ13C是否记录植被变化:从川东北石笋记录的Heinrich事件说起     

程珂  谢宇  刘粤峰  李汉杰  潘晨光  彭小桃  刘淑华  陈琼  周厚云 《第四纪研究》2019,(4):837-844

以往的研究中一般认为石笋δ13C变化的影响因素复杂,但在大多数报道中地表植被仍被认为是影响石笋δ13C变化的主要因素之一.本文综合国内外已发表的模拟试验研究结果及川东北地区已发表和未发表的石笋δ18O-δ13C数据,特别是Heinrich事件中石笋δ18O-δ13C的表现,指出地表植被不一定是影响石笋δ13C变化的主要因素,洞穴水文(如地下水流速、滴水速率、水文化学,等等)的变化可以解释通常观察到的石笋δ13C变化.植被变化的效应可以叠加在洞穴水文变化的效应上.洞穴系统的水文变化复杂性可能是造成石笋δ13C变化呈现较复杂特征的主要原因.  相似文献   

基于GIS的城市影响腹地划分研究——以长三角为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴扬  汪珠 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(6):45-50

以断裂点模型为基础,以城市场强模型为工具,引入中心城市综合实力和城市间时间成本加权距离两个指标对模型进行修正,结合水分分析方法,对长三角15个中心城市的影响腹地进行划分,比较城市腹地的面积大小及分布情况,并在腹地划分的基础上叠加市域行政范围来揭示长三角各城市腹地范围与行政范围的相互关系。研究结果可为长三角行政区划调整等提供参考。  相似文献   

气候变化对水文水资源影响的研究进展   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  

张利平  陈小凤  赵志鹏  胡志芳 《地理科学进展》2008,27(3):60-67

气候变化成为21 世纪世界最重大的环境问题之一,愈来愈引起国际社会和各国政府的重视和关注。研究 气候变化对水文水资源的影响,对于理解和解决可能引起的与工业、农业、城市发展等经济领域密切相关的水文水 资源系统的规划管理、开发利用、运行管理、环境保护、生态平衡等问题具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文主要 从研究方法、气候变化情景的生成技术、与水文模型接口技术和水文模拟技术等几个方面综合概述了气候变化对 水文水资源的影响,同时提出存在的问题与展望。  相似文献   

湿地水文研究的若干热点问题   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

章光新  尹雄锐  冯夏清 《湿地科学》2008,6(2)

湿地水文研究是认识湿地生态系统的结构、过程与功能,进行湿地生态保护和恢复重建以及水资源合理配置的前提与基础。重点对湿地水文研究的几个热点问题进行了评述。这些问题包括,全球气候变化与人类活动影响下的湿地水文响应;湿地水文过程对湿地生态系统的影响机制;湿地水循环过程与水文模型。在此基础上,提出了基于水循环模拟的流域湿地水资源合理配置的基本思路,并对目前中国湿地水文亟待研究的重要议题进行了阐述。  相似文献   

Simulating streamflow in the Upper Halda Basin of southeastern Bangladesh using SWAT model     

《水文科学杂志》2012,57(1):138-151

ABSTRACT

Most catchments in tropical regions are ungauged and data deficient, complicating the simulation of water quantity and quality. Yet, developing and testing hydrological models in data-poor regions is vital to support water management. Here, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict stream runoff in Halda Basin in Bangladesh. While the calibrated model’s performance was satisfactory (R² = 0.80, NSE = 0.71), the model was unable to track the extreme low flow peaks due to the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall which may not be fully captured by using data from one rainfall gauging station. Groundwater delay time, baseflow alpha factor and curve number were the most sensitive parameters influencing model performance. This study improves understanding of the key processes of a catchment in a data-poor, monsoon driven, small river basin and could serve as a baseline for scenario modelling for future water management and policy framework.  相似文献   

Characterization of complex fluvial systems using remote sensing of spatial and temporal water level variations in the Amazon,Congo, and Brahmaputra Rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hahn Chul Jung  James Hamski  Michael Durand  Doug Alsdorf  Faisal Hossain  Hyongki Lee  A. K. M. Azad Hossain  Khaled Hasan  Abu Saleh Khan  A.K.M. Zeaul Hoque 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(3):294-304

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will provide global, space‐based estimates of water elevation, its temporal change, and its spatial slope in fluvial environments, as well as across lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and floodplains. This paper illustrates the utility of existing remote sensing measurements of water temporal changes and spatial slope to characterize two complex fluvial environments. First, repeat‐pass interferometric SAR measurements from the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite are used to compare and contrast floodplain processes in the Amazon and Congo River basins. Measurements of temporal water level changes over the two areas reveal clearly different hydraulic processes at work. The Amazon is highly interconnected by floodplain channels, resulting in complex flow patterns. In contrast, the Congo does not show similar floodplain channels and the flow patterns are not well defined and have diffuse boundaries. During inundation, the Amazon floodplain often shows sharp hydraulic changes across floodplain channels. The Congo, however, does not show similar sharp changes during either infilling or evacuation. Second, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission measurements of water elevation are used to derive water slope over the braided Brahmaputra river system. In combination with in situ bathymetry measurements, water elevation and slope allow one to calculate discharge estimates within 2.3% accuracy. These two studies illustrate the utility of satellite‐based measurements of water elevation for characterizing complex fluvial environments, and highlight the potential of SWOT measurements for fluvial hydrology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

咸海流域水文水资源演变与咸海生态危机出路分析   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

邓铭江  龙爱华 《冰川冻土》2011,33(6):1363-1375

中亚的咸海问题已成为全球性的生态和社会问题,研究咸海流域水文水资源、经济社会发展演变与气候变化,对深入理解中亚地区咸海危机形成机理、未来发展趋势、探讨咸海生态危机出路具有重要意义,对类似区域跨界河流和我国西北干旱区水资源开发利用具有重要借鉴意义. 介绍了中亚五国咸海流域的水资源及其开发利用情况,重点分析了中亚五国咸海流域农业灌溉的发展演变、近80a来咸海流域气候变化趋势与主要河流水文演变情势及咸海水文特征演变. 结果表明,咸海生态危机完全是由人类自导并日益严重的水资源-生态-环境与社会危机,短期内难以遏制,长期来看也无法逆转. 结合咸海危机生态环境效应,讨论了3个跨流域调水方案拯救咸海的利弊与前景,探讨了立足于流域本身拯救咸海的综合治理措施. 最后,提出了咸海危机经验教训对我国内陆河水资源开发利用的若干启示.  相似文献   

库姆塔格沙漠水文调查初步结果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

严平  李文赞  俄有浩  王学全  李小雁 《中国沙漠》2011,31(1):242-246

基于2007—2009年的3次野外考察和样品分析,初步研究了库姆塔格沙漠的水文和水化学特性。库姆塔格沙漠水系分为4个分区,即西部区、中部区、东部区和党河区。库姆塔格沙漠地区瞬时径流量普遍较低,东部河流径流量相对较大;泥沙含量普遍较低,平均为1.04 kg·m-3。区域内水体矿化度较高,以微咸水和咸水为主,水化学类型总体上为氯化物-硫酸盐/钠质-钙质水,主要受到沙漠干旱气候和区域地质地貌的影响。  相似文献   

Coseismic well-level changes due to the 1992 Roermond earthquake compared to static deformation of half-space solutions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

G. Grecksch  F. Roth  & H.-J. Kümpel 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,138(2):470-478

The M _w 5.4 Roermond earthquake of 1992 April 13 was one of the strongest events during the last 500 years in Central Europe. For the period March–May 1992, we collected records of 194 continuously operating well-level sensors, mostly located within 120  km of the epicentre. Nearly all wells penetrate unconfined or poorly confined Quaternary deposits with high hydraulic conductivities. 81 out of 194 raw data sets show a significant dynamic or step-like response of centimetre amplitude to the passage of seismic waves. Precursory anomalies are not obvious in these records. Coseismic well-level fluctuations could reflect a redistribution of stress and pore pressure in the brittle crust. Systematic analyses of such fluctuations may improve our knowledge of the role of pore fluids in crustal rheology and earthquake mechanics. The rather high number of individual observational records for a single event allows a regional correlation of the signs and amplitudes of the coseismic steps to changes in volume strain caused by the earthquake. The coseismic strain field at the surface was calculated for a homogeneous and a layered half-space. The results show reasonable agreement in the sign of the well-level steps but the amplitudes predicted from the wells' volumetric strain responses are much smaller than those that were recorded. Clearly, the coseismic well-level steps cannot be explained by volume strain changes, as derived from linear elastic models.  相似文献   

地震地下水动态研究中的若干问题     

尹宝军  马丽  陈会忠  王婷  黄建平  张晁军  王武星  黄伟 《国际地震动态》2009,(5)

综合分析了近年来国内外地震地下水研究中的一些热点问题, 包括地下水动态影响因素及其相关的数据处理方法、水位同震响应及机理解释、水温同震响应及其机理、地下水反映的断层活动低频信息几个方面, 探讨了地震地下水位变动与应力应变的关系, 展望了地震地下水研究的发展方向.  相似文献