东太平洋海盆多金属结核生长历史的重建     

孙志国  韩昌甫 《台湾海峡》1997,16(1):43-49

依据多金属结核ＣＣＣ１４剖面上Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ的含量和有关的公式，本文计算该结核生长过程中瞬时生长速率和Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ的瞬时通量，并在结核中建立时间标尺，划分和对比结核生长阶段，重建结核ＣＣＣ１４８．７９３Ｍａ，Ｂ．Ｐ．以来的生长历史。研究结果表明，采用由铁、锰含量计算结核生长速率的公式，可详细了解结核生长过程，并能识别与提取强核中古海洋信息记录。  相似文献   

Estimation of instantaneous peak flows from maximum mean daily flows using the HBV hydrological model          下载免费PDF全文

J. Ding  M. Wallner  H. Müller  U. Haberlandt 《水文研究》2016,30(9):1431-1448

The record length and quality of instantaneous peak flows (IPFs) have a great influence on flood design, but these high resolution flow data are not always available. The primary aim of this study is to compare different strategies to derive frequency distributions of IPFs using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrologic model. The model is operated on a daily and an hourly time step for 18 catchments in the Aller‐Leine basin, Germany. Subsequently, general extreme value (GEV) distributions are fitted to the simulated annual series of daily and hourly extreme flows. The resulting maximum mean daily flow (MDF) quantiles from daily simulations are transferred into IPF quantiles using a multiple regression model, which enables a direct comparison with the simulated hourly quantiles. As long climate records with a high temporal resolution are not available, the hourly simulations require a disaggregation of the daily rainfall. Additionally, two calibrations strategies are applied: (1) a calibration on flow statistics; (2) a calibration on hydrographs. The results show that: (1) the multiple regression model is capable of predicting IPFs with the simulated MDFs; (2) both daily simulations with post‐correction of flows and hourly simulations with pre‐processing of precipitation enable a reasonable estimation of IPFs; (3) the best results are achieved using disaggregated rainfall for hourly modelling with calibration on flow statistics; and (4) if the IPF observations are not sufficient for model calibration on flow statistics, the transfer of MDFs via multiple regressions is a good alternative for estimating IPFs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Estimating time-based instantaneous total mortality rate based on the age-structured abundance index   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王迎宾 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(3):559-576

The instantaneous total mortality rate(Z) of a fish population is one of the important parameters in fisheries stock assessment. The estimation of Z is crucial to fish population dynamics analysis,abundance and catch forecast,and fisheries management. A catch curve-based method for estimating time-based Z and its change trend from catch per unit effort(CPUE) data of multiple cohorts is developed. Unlike the traditional catch-curve method,the method developed here does not need the assumption of constant Z throughout the time,but the Z values in n continuous years are assumed constant,and then the Z values in different n continuous years are estimated using the age-based CPUE data within these years. The results of the simulation analyses show that the trends of the estimated time-based Z are consistent with the trends of the true Z,and the estimated rates of change from this approach are close to the true change rates(the relative differences between the change rates of the estimated Z and the true Z are smaller than 10%). Variations of both Z and recruitment can affect the estimates of Z value and the trend of Z. The most appropriate value of n can be different given the effects of different factors. Therefore,the appropriate value of n for different fisheries should be determined through a simulation analysis as we demonstrated in this study. Further analyses suggested that selectivity and age estimation are also two factors that can affect the estimated Z values if there is error in either of them,but the estimated change rates of Z are still close to the true change rates. We also applied this approach to the Atlantic cod(G adus morhua) fishery of eastern Newfoundland and Labrador from 1983 to 1997,and obtained reasonable estimates of time-based Z.  相似文献   

实时水深模型的一种构建方法     

李宁  彭认灿  田震  陈轶  董箭 《测绘科学》2012,37(6):12-14

水深是表达海洋深度变化的基础数据,实时水深是舰船航行和海岸带军事行动的重要影响因子。本文从实用角度出发,采用海图水深作为静态水深,基于余水位订正的预报水位作为动态水位,提出了一种顾及实时水深区域变化特征的实时水深模型。实验表明,该模型实现了实时水深的快速求取,一定程度上可以满足航海和军事应用需求。  相似文献   

用瞬态瑞雷波反演横波速度评价高速公路压碾效果   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

顾汉明  宋先海  刘江平  张学强 《地质科技情报》2001,20(2):100-102

在高速公路质量检测中 ,路堤土压实度是衡量土方路基重要的质量指标 ,提出了提高压实度计算精度的处理流程 ,应用τ-p变换提取面波 ,获取高信噪比的频散曲线 ,采用瞬态面波反演横波速度 ,提高横波速度计算精度 ,进而计算压实度。用上述方法对商开高速公路振冲压碾效果进行了无损检测 ,其结果与取样分析及开挖结果一致  相似文献   

基于“S”型函数的隧道开挖变形预测模型     

颜杜民 《地质与勘探》2020,56(2):438-444

基于不同开挖阶段围岩阶段变形曲线几何特征,提出一种基于"S"型函数的隧道开挖全过程变形预测模型,实现隧道开挖全过程中的围岩变形预测。对比分析了常用"S"型函数适应性,建立了基于Logistic模型的隧道围岩变形分析模型,模型精度控制在2%以内,并提出了模型参数辨识过程。利用Logistic隧道围岩变形模型,讨论了隧道开挖瞬时变形特征,提出了一种求解隧道瞬时开挖变形值的方法,计算出不同工程条件下瞬时变形值处于2. 192～43. 288 mm,瞬时位移占最终位移的6. 61%～18. 33%。以马尾山隧道为工程实例,建立了具体的工程隧道围岩变形模型,得到隧道开挖瞬时位移值处于1. 041～9. 475 mm,瞬时位移占总位移比值处于5. 52%～36. 44%。  相似文献   

Instantaneous spectrum analysis and its application in estimation of earthquake tendency     

Zhi-Zhen Zheng  Jin-Bo Hu 《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(2):465-473

In this paper, first discussing briefly the instantaneous spectrum theory. Then, the instantnaeous spectra and Fourier spectra of three seismic sequences are calculated, and comparing them to explain the superior characteristics of instantaneous spectrum. Finally, the earthquake tendency of North China is estimated by using the instantaneous spectrum theory. The results show that not only the occurrence time of the coming large earthquake, but also its magnitude instantaneous can be estimated by using instantaneous spectrum of the seismic sequence. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa seismologica Sinica,15, 68–75, 1993.  相似文献   

探地雷达复信号分析的几点讨论   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

张志勇  胡敬浓  张丽娇  刘庆成 《物探化探计算技术》2006,28(2):146-148

采用H ilbert变换的复信号分析方法,求取相位时对噪声很敏感,所以分析前的滤波处理是非常重要的,常用的反正切求取相位角方法,不利于求取包含真实反射信息的相位θ(t)。针对以上两个问题,采用了与探地雷达垂向分辨能力相关的尺度,对原始数据进行了滤波操作。滤波后的数据保证了与原始数据相同的分辨能力,有效地压制了干扰信号。同时,具有良好的数学性质,为复信号分析提供了有利的条件。利用反余弦计算相角,方便了程序设计,且求得的相角易于变换为真实相角(ω0t θ(t)),为提取真正与反射信息相关的相位θ(t)提供了便利。应用优化方法求解瞬时相位、瞬时频率等信息,将真正与反射信息相关的θ(t)与ω0t分离,提高了分辨能力,同时还可得到ω0随时间变化的曲线,为分析探地雷达的频散现象提供了依据。  相似文献   

地震属性剖面在天然气水合物识别中的应用     

沙志彬龚跃华  梁金强 《南海地质研究》2006,(1):105-113

在天然气水合物的地震资料解释过程中，常规（叠加和偏移）地震剖面上难以识别BSR、水合物成矿带以及游离气带的位置。通过多年的实践，笔者认为AVO（Amplitude Versus Offset）反演、波阻抗反演、地震瞬时属性和能量半衰时剖面，能够较好地揭示水合物的地球物理异常特征，从而给识别水合物和划分水合物的存在区域提供了有力的证据。  相似文献   

基于振幅和瞬时频率的震相自动识别方法     

李山有  朱海燕  武东坡  宋晋东 《世界地震工程》2006,22(4):1-4

为了充分反映地震信号振幅增大和频率改变的特征,发展了一种以振幅和瞬时频率比乘积为特征参量的震相自动识别方法。谐波信号和有限实际地震记录的应用表明,本方法具有较高的识别精度。  相似文献