The role of international business in clean technology transfer and development     

Ans Kolk 《Climate Policy》2015,15(1):170-176

While research has generated very useful insights, usually at the macro level, regarding the multifaceted nature of environmental innovation and regulation, the characteristics and drivers peculiar to international companies have remained underexposed in the policy-related literature on clean technology transfer and development. This article aims to help open the ‘black box’ of business, also as input for future policy making, by discussing aspects that influence corporate responses: sector-specific and company-specific peculiarities as well as those related to country contexts (both origin countries and host countries for companies). Most of the climate-related investments in ‘developing’ countries turn out to have been geared to a few emerging economies, generally involving established technologies with limited transfer, and a major role for developed-country utilities, particularly from Europe. Despite these limitations, there is a base with experience being built up, and a potential for extension to lesser-developed areas, but that requires market co-creation by joint business and governmental efforts. As viable business models are largely lacking, the article suggests three main modalities, ranging from fully commercial to primarily publicly funded, involving different types of actors and countries. Gearing policies more towards corporate realities and reaping the international momentum of sustainable energy might also further climate goals.  相似文献   

世博效应对长三角一体化制度合作影响研究     

张岩 《世界地理研究》2012,(2):105-111

长江三角洲地区是我国区域合作开始较早的地区,2010年上海世博会的举办,更加速了长三角地区一体化的进程。本文在回顾上海世博会之前长三角区域合作基本历程的基础上,总结上海世博会筹办与举办期间的长三角制度合作新进展,分析世博效应对长三角一体化制度合作的影响,提出借助世博效应进一步加强长三角一体化制度合作的发展路径与对策。  相似文献   

制度在都市政治中的论辩与研究进展     

张仪君 《世界地理研究》2006,15(3):38-45

“制度”原是政治经济学取向中传统的分析对象,但在1970年代后的社会脉络变迁与学术发展进程的影响下,制度开始拥有主体性的地位。在都市政治的研究场域里,一方面由于都市从统治(government)迈向治理(governance)成为普遍的趋势,另一方面受到社会科学制度转向的学术风潮影响,制度在都市政治研究中的角色开始面临重新反省与理论化的困境,但此一部份缺乏系统性的探讨。本文即在这样的脉络下,首先将分析都市政治的变迁,及其与地方政府制度间的关系;其次则试图论述制度论的演进与观点,及其在都市治理范畴中的发展;最后则讨论重新将制度理论化的取径,反省制度转向后的理论议题,并试图提出可能的研究观点,藉以寻求媒合不同概念层次之都市政治理论的可能。  相似文献   

The Indonesian consumer market for clothing: Institutions, firms and organizational behaviours   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Markus Hassler 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2006,27(2):150-162

The clothing industry is widely cited as an industrial sector that is embedded primarily in buyer-driven structures of global commodity chains in which retailers and brand-name companies, rather than manufacturers, are the key driving forces. Analysis of clothing production systems within the commodity chain literature, however, has been predominantly Western-centric, with little emphasis on similarities and/or differences between competitors in different institutional and societal contexts. Therefore, this paper explores the ways in which international and domestic clothing brand-owners compete for market shares within Indonesia. The analytical focus includes important issues such as the influence of the regulatory policy framework on firm-specific behaviour as well as applied marketing strategies within individual fashion segments.  相似文献   

沙尘暴问题的经济学分析     

李兴江  叶超 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(1):59-61

沙尘暴也是一个经济问题，引发沙尘暴的主要原因是人类不合理的经济活动，而其根本原因在于制度安排的不合理和低效率，该文从人口，博弈论，产品价格三方面进行了分析。  相似文献   

Governing Metropolitan Lisbon: A tale of fragmented urban governance     

Carlos Nunes Silva 《GeoJournal》2002,58(1):23-32

This article is concerned with the nature of the present governance framework in the Lisbon metropolitan area and with the conditions responsible for the lack of any consistent intergovernmental and inter-tier co-ordination. It shows how Lisbon, where a form of metropolitan government was introduced only in 1991, is different from other European cities, but at the same time similar with regard to the limits associated with the associative or (polycentric) model adopted. The article concludes by discussing alternative scenarios for the reform of metropolitan government as well as the institutional and policy challenges facing the Lisbon metropolitan area. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Policies and Practices for an Antiracist Geography at the Millennium     

Linda Peake  Audrey Kobayashi 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(1):50-61

As we enter the new millennium, geographers have a momentous opportunity to reflect upon the historical development of our discipline and the academic culture within which it thrives, with the aim of setting out an antiracist agenda. We advocate a fundamental refashioning of the discipline, not simply an extension of its research agenda; for racism, like gender, is not just another item in the lexicon of geographical subjects. The agenda includes, but is not limited to: clarifying relations between racism and law; racism and immigration policy; racism and poverty; and mobilizing racialized groups around policy issues. These items need to be addressed both through scholarship and through activism, as centering geographical practices in the streets rather than in the academy impels not only more effective social change, but also new theoretical understanding of geographies of engagement. Our agenda for antiracist geography also involves three aspects of institutional change: to build up on and extend traditional geographical scholarship; to change the basis of the discipline by extending the principles of antiracism throughout our institutional practices, particularly in the classroom; and to change the face of the discipline by increasing the participation and contributions of geographers of color.  相似文献   

Theorizing Belt and Road construction mode from institutional and cultural perspectives     

LIU Weidong  YAO Qiuhui 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(5):623-640

There is a gap between the great vision and high-quality targets of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and Western recognition of them,which challenges Chinese and West-ern scholars.This gap should be narrowed by conducting in-depth case studies and com-parative studies at the project level.In recent years,the international academic community has paid increasing attention to Chinese outward foreign direct investment(FDI),but Belt and Road construction is much broader in scope,comprising not only FDI projects but also China-financed projects and emerging mixed projects.Our investigation,observation,and examination of the BRI projects find that compared to their Western counterparts,Chinese enterprises have less experience in doing business in other countries and often pay less at-tention to institutional and cultural differences between China and the host countries.Thus,revisiting the institutional and cultural turn in economic geography and employing its ideas to analyze the BRI projects and summarize their construction modes may contribute to the de-velopment of both economic geography and the BRI.This paper first briefly reviews the background and research trends of the institutional and cultural turn and then summarizes three major modes of Belt and Road construction,namely,EPC(Engineering Procurement Construction)-based projects,concession-based projects,and FDI;finally,it draws on the institutional and cultural turn to classify the BRI projects according to the two indicators of"Breadth and Depth of Territorial Embeddedness"and"Destructive Effect of a Project and/or Technology"into four types:transformative,supportive,ordinary projects and overseas in-dustrial cooperation parks.Different institutional and cultural sensitivity can be observed for each type of project.The preliminary theorization proposed in this paper may offer a potential framework for further research on the BRI.  相似文献   

Game strategies in government-led eco-compensation in the Xin’an River Basin from the perspective of the politics of scale     

REN Yisheng  LU Lin  YU Hu  ZHU Daocai 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(8):1205-1221

China's policy on ecological compensation (eco-compensation) in watershed eco-systems is of economic,social and environmental significance for China's ecological gov-ernance and protection of natural areas.It involves balancing the interests of regional stakeholders,coordinating the development of regional environments and establishing effec-tive cooperation models,making it a classic topic for geographical research.This study in-troduces the concept of institutional "stickiness" to the theory of politics of scale to analyze the features and mechanisms of the game behavior of government entities in the process of im-plementing watershed eco-compensation in the Xin'an River Basin.Our results show the following:government entities at various levels,including the central,provincial and municipal governments,experienced the three stages of game strategy of competition,cooperation and"coopetition";building a government community of shared interests can promote watershed eco-compensation,and "appropriate intervention" by the central govemment is key to achieving inter-provincial watershed eco-compensation;there was clear institutional stickiness during the transition from a "vertical" model of watershed eco-compensation to a "vertical-horizontal"model,with government entities using policy innovations and social participation to limit and reduce stickiness so as to reshape the watershed eco-compensation system;scalar jumping is the core mechanism that promoted eco-compensation in the study basin,and government entities shaped the discourse on watershed eco-compensation by redistributing powers and capital and creating informal constraints,which promoted the transformation of eco-compensation from a "strong state-weak society" structural model,to a "strong state-strong society" model in the Xin'an River Basin.These results can provide theoretical support for the construction of inter-regional watershed eco-compensation mechanisms,pro-vide a scientific basis for the rational evaluation and guidance of watershed eco-compensation practices,and promote the coordinated and sustainable socioeconomic development of watersheds.  相似文献   

中国西部地区大开发的新思路   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈栋生 《地理与地理信息科学》2000,16(1):1-6

论述我国西部地区大开发的重要意义,提出加快西部地区经济社会发展需要两个手段并用,三股合力有机配合。同时指出在新的体制背景、市场态势和对外开放环境下,西部大开发要有新思路,而观念更新,树立新的发展观、新的资源观、新的优势观、新的规划观是其先导。  相似文献