制度演化与区域经济弹性——两个资源枯竭型城市的比较   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

胡晓辉  张文忠 《地理研究》2018,37(7):1308-1319

区域经济弹性是后危机时代经济地理学一个热门研究议题。已有研究侧重于将区域经济弹性概念化成区域经济体在受到冲击或干扰后所表现出来的一种应对能力和手段,但缺乏动态演化观。基于制度演化视角,将区域经济弹性概念化成一种制度演化过程,并根据制度演化的不同模式（如层叠、转化和替代等）,提出了一种分析和理解区域经济弹性差异的方法。该方法将被应用到中国两个典型资源枯竭型城市（山东枣庄和辽宁阜新）的经济弹性比较分析中。通过关注2000年后两地新产业的诞生过程和机理,结果显示：枣庄的经济弹性同制度良性层叠和转化这两种模式密切相关,这两种模式有利于促进区域产业更新和多样化;然而,阜新的经济弹性则表现出一种对原有制度的不断厚化过程,使得在产业上体现了较强的路径持续和拓展性。制度演化视角能结合区域经济弹性的过程、能力和结果这三个方面,有助于提升区域经济弹性的理论和实证研究。  相似文献   

基于乡村振兴战略的人居文化环境质量演变驱动机制研究——以长江中游城市群为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

朱媛媛  甘依霖  曾菊新  孙璇 《地理科学》2018,38(11):1855-1863

实施乡村振兴战略,必将重塑中国现有乡村人居文化环境格局并形成城乡人居文化融合发展的新格局。在科学界定乡村人居文化环境的基础上,侧重解析长江中游城市群乡村人居文化环境的时空基底;并围绕乡村人居文化环境的质量测度,遴选影响人居文化环境变化的关键人类活动因子,构建由目标层、系统指标层、目标分解层与具体指标层所构成的评价指标体系;综合运用人地关系理论、复杂系统理论、景观生态理论,借助Delphi及AHP法和ArcGIS平台探析2005~2015年长江中游城市群地区的乡村人居文化环境时空演变特征。结果显示：① 长江中游城市群地区的乡村人居文化环境质量呈现差异化上升的趋势。宜昌、长株潭地区的乡村人居文化环境质量一直处于优良级别,武汉、南昌两大省会所辖乡村地区发展迅速,衡阳市、常德市等传统工业基地已由优良等级逐步降为较差或恶劣等级。② 乡村人居文化环境及子系统质量的演变并非完全同步。人居物质文化是人居文化环境系统演变的基础,直接带动了人居制度文化的优先演变,人居精神文化环境滞后于人居物质、制度文化环境的演变。③ 乡村人居文化环境的时空演变由政府体制机制扶持保障力、现代农业产业体系支撑多元主体需求力、农村公共设施服务力“四轮”共同驱动。  相似文献   

Place identity and major project deliberation: the contribution of local governments in Australia     

Sarah de Vries 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(3):399-419

ABSTRACT

There is growing recognition of the importance of local governance, for both self-determination and the quality of decision-making. While many authors acknowledge the potential of local governments in providing opportunities for democratic engagement, there is the need for more research into the conditions under which this takes place. The objective of this research is to investigate why, or under what circumstances, local governments enhance participation in and deliberation about major projects in Australia. It does so by analysing two case studies where local governments were highly engaged in advocacy with their communities against large development projects; the East West Link tunnel in Melbourne and the Coal Seam Gas projects of Northern NSW. It finds local governments engaged in these projects due to institutional culture, practices and values, formed after demographic changes in the 1960s and 70s, and associated changes in the place-attachment qualities of residents and the nature and content of their social capital. Through historical instances of community mobilisation, these values became embedded in local governments, enabling them to respond pro-actively to subsequent threats.  相似文献   

A ferry making waves: A demonstration project ‘doing’ institutional work in a greening maritime industry     

Svein Gunnar Sjøtun 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(1):16-28

ABSTRACT

The objective of the article is to show how the demonstration project and battery ferry Ampere has contributed to a greening of public ferry procurement in Norway. Building on theories on demonstration projects in transition studies and institutional work, the author argues for a more integrated focus than hitherto on the dynamic interplay of materiality, organization, and discourse in demonstration projects, and how the agency of actor networks and the materiality connected to demonstration projects can affect institutional change accompanying transition processes. This is done by conceptualizing Ampere as a ‘performing project’: a complex of discursive and organizational strategies of framing and lobbying deployed by the actor networks connected to it and its materiality. Methodically, the author draws on semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The results suggest that Ampere’s ‘performance’ has contributed to changes in national and regional ferry procurement practices and been vital for an emerging maritime battery niche.  相似文献   

京津冀都市圈合作思路与政府作用重点研究   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  

张可云 《地理与地理信息科学》2004,20(4):61-65

京津冀都市圈合作是中国统筹区域发展的战略问题之一。该文依据区域经济合作发展的一般规律与发达国家经验,从理论与全局的角度分析京津冀都市圈合作的必要性,并探讨政府促进京津冀都市圈合作的思路、规划与政策重点。笔者认为,完善京津冀都市圈合作机制,关键在于完善区域管理制度基础;京津冀都市圈企业主导型合作应该注意克服地方利益矛盾,并用合理的政策促进地区间企业合作。  相似文献   

Developing adaptive capacity for responding to environmental change in the Arab Gulf States: Uncertainties to linking ecosystem conservation, sustainable development and society in authoritarian rentier economies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andy Spiess   《Global and Planetary Change》2008,64(3-4):244

The recent assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has emphasized that understanding the institutional context in which policies are made and implemented is critical to define sustainable development paths from a climate change perspective. Nevertheless, while the importance of social, political and cultural factors is getting more recognition in some parts of the world, little is known about the human dimensions or the contexts in which they operate in the affluent oil economies of the Arabian Peninsula. Policies that implicitly subsidize or support a wasteful and environmentally destructive use of resources are still pervasive, while noteworthy environmental improvements still face formidable political and institutional constraints to the adaptation of the necessary far reaching and multisectoral approach. The principal aim of this paper is to identify some of the major shortcomings within the special context of the Arab Gulf states' socio-cultural environment in support of appropriate development pathways. Conclusions highlight that past and current policy recommendations for mitigating environmental threats are likely to be ineffective. This is because they are based on the unverified assumption that Western-derived standards of conduct, specifically the normative concept of ”good governance” and ”democracy”, will be adopted in non-Western politico-cultural contexts.  相似文献   

济南市土地收购储备制度发展探究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

唐金波 《山东国土资源》2011,27(10):52-56

济南市较早实施了土地收购储备制度。经过10年的探索和实践,已形成了自己的制度模式和运行机制,具有很强的典型性和借鉴意义;同时,存在的问题也具有很强的代表性。通过对济南市开展土地收购储备的回顾和探究,总结经验教训,并展开深入的思考,使该项制度在土地集约利用和城市化进程中发挥更大的作用。  相似文献   

A credible compliance enforcement system for the climate regime     

Jon Hovi  Mads Greaker  Cathrine Hagem  Bjart Holtsmark 《Climate Policy》2013,13(6):741-754

The compliance enforcement system of the Kyoto Protocol provides only weak incentives for Parties to comply with their commitments. For example, the penalties for non-compliant countries are not legally binding, and moreover, there is no second-order punishment for those countries that fail to implement them. Thus, a Party can simply refuse to comply without consequence. The alternative compliance enforcement systems that have been proposed in the literature also face substantial problems. A simple, flexible, potent, and credible compliance enforcement system for a post-Kyoto climate agreement, based on deposits, is proposed here: at ratification, each country deposits a significant amount of money, and continues to do so in the preparation stage each year until the start of the commitment period. At the end of this period, those countries that meet their emissions limitation targets receive a full refund of their deposit, while those that fail to do so forfeit part or all of it. A simplified two-country model of the deposit system and a numerical example of an agreement involving the US, Japan, Russia, and Europe is also provided. If each country's deposit is no less than its abatement costs, there is a strong incentive for participating countries to avoid non-compliance.  相似文献   

Operationalizing the Adaptation Fund: challenges in allocating funds to the vulnerable     

Britta Horstmann 《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):1086-1096

The Adaptation Fund of the Kyoto Protocol marks a change in the international climate change financing architecture due to its independence from official development assistance, direct access and the majority of developing countries in governance. A major goal of the Adaptation Fund is to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The presented analysis considers the results of operationalization of the fund between 2008 and 2010, and the role vulnerability had in the allocation of funds. The definition of ‘vulnerability’ remains broad and currently does not allow for a prioritization in the allocation of funds. Criteria like ‘level of vulnerability’ or ‘adaptive capacity’ still need to be specified. The possibilities for the Adaptation Fund Board to implement a vulnerability-oriented funding approach are limited by the legal basis of the Kyoto Protocol and the principle of a country-driven approach. The effective support of vulnerable communities primarily depends on the institutional capacities and the institutional arrangement at the national level and the quality of analysis the adaptation projects and programmes are based on.  相似文献   

粤港澳大湾区治理框架比较研究：基于制度环境视角     

吴成鹏  张衔春  胡映洁 《热带地理》2022,42(2):256-268

随着粤港澳大湾区上升为国家战略,湾区治理成为学术界关注的重要议题。文章构建包括权力结构、法律结构和社会资本结构3个维度的湾区治理制度环境比较研究框架,运用文本/桌面分析法,系统总结了大湾区与旧金山和东京湾区的治理框架,比较分析了3个湾区治理的制度环境;研究认为,湾区治理的模式特征及其效果与由权力结构、法律结构和社会资本结构构成的制度环境密切相关;权力结构影响着治理的灵活弹性,粤港澳大湾区权力结构呈现非对称和碎片化特征,总体较为封闭集中,导致治理模式单一,始终以政府为主导;法律结构影响着治理的交易成本,粤港澳大湾区尚未形成统一高效的法律体系结构,导致治理过程中的交易成本较高;社会资本结构影响着治理的多元参与和湾区凝聚力,粤港澳大湾区正向社会资本相对薄弱,多元参与治理不足,湾区自下而上的凝聚力不强。最后建议大湾区治理宜从权力、法律和社会资本结构入手,探索三地各自优势下的制度空间灵活重构;在制度环境建设中,引导非政府主体稳定有序参与治理,以提升大湾区凝聚力;在保证中央和省政府的权威方针基础上,适时探索大湾区地方政府的放权自治。  相似文献