基础工程施工质量控制与事故分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆愈实  黎忠文  张砚和  杨静 《地质科技情报》1999,(Z1)

应用系统工程和控制论方法,分析了基础工程施工质量事故控制原理及控制系统的构成;提出了“预控”式质量控制管理模式,并讨论了“预控”式管理模式的原则与内容。  相似文献   

旋转球体上二维水体长波的一个典型驻波问题     

夏综万 《热带海洋学报》1999,(3)

通过分析等深矩形海湾里的潮波运动,研究了旋转球体（地球）上二维水体长波的一个典型驻波问题。分析对比该二维驻波和一维驻波,可以看出前者的图形比后者要复杂得多,但其规律性却是十分明显的;其中最主要的特征是空间上相间配置的无潮点和圆流点。由矩形海湾里潮波能量传播的分析可知,判断该二维驻波的运动学特征,主要应从波动的宏观结构着眼,而不是像一维的那样判断有无能量的传播。文章着重从理论上进行分析,但是在实际海洋中不乏这种潮波运动的广泛例证。  相似文献   

球内Dirichlet问题解及其应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

石磐  孙中苗 《测绘学报》1999,28(3):195-198

本文基于球内调和函数的Ｄｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔ问题的球谐解式,推导了球内调和空间的Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ积分,将其应用于航空重力测量数据的向下延拓时,积分边界面是空中面,边界值是空中重力异常或纯重力异常,推求地面重力异常可直接积分计算,而勿需像球外Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ积分那样迭代求解积分方程。  相似文献   

A new solution to the lagrange's case of the three‐body problem     

E. Piña 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1999,74(3):163-174

The motion of three particles, interacting by gravitational forces, is studied in a new coordinate system given by the principal axes of inertia, as determined by Euler angles, and using the inertia principal moments and an auxiliar angle as coordinates. The solution to the particular Lagrange case of the three‐body problem is reviewed and solved in these new coordinates. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Jacobi Dynamics And The N-Body Problem With Variable Masses     

C. M. Giordano  A. R. Plastino 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1999,75(3):165-183

An appropriate generalization of the Jacobi equation of motion for the polar moment of inertia I is considered in order to study the N-body problem with variable masses. Two coupled ordinary differential equations governing the evolution of I and the total energy E are obtained. A regularization scheme for this system of differential equations is provided. We compute some illustrative numerical examples, and discuss an average method for obtaining approximate analytical solutions to this pair of equations. For a particular law of mass loss we also obtain exact analytical solutions. The application of these ideas to other kind of perturbed gravitational N-body systems involving drag forces or a different type of mass variation is also considered. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Vertical profile of effective turbidity reconstructed from broadening of incoherent body-wave pulses—I. General approach and the inversion procedure     

A. A. Gusev  & I. R. Abubakirov 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,136(2):295-308

A method is developed for the reconstruction of a non-uniform distribution of scattering properties in the upper layers of the Earth using data on broadening of an incoherent body-wave group or pulse along a number of rays. The theoretical basis for this reconstruction is a linear integral formula after Bocharov (1985, 1988), which is employed to design a linear inversion procedure. The inversion is performed in terms of a single scalar parameter of effective turbidity. This parameter presents an adequate generalization of the common turbidity parameter used in the isotropic scattering case; it describes, simultaneously, scattering attenuation, pulse broadening and backscattering or coda formation. As a preliminary step, necessary conditions of applicability of the transport equation approach for the analysis of regional high-frequency seismic waves are verified. A new compact derivation of Bocharov's formula is then presented. A linear least-squares inversion procedure for recovering a layered turbidity structure is proposed and tested on synthetic data of onset-to-peak delays of incoherent body-wave pulses. A few practical aspects of the application of the general approach to seismological data are analysed, including the correctness of the low-angle approximation, the use of peak delay observations instead of pulse centroid, the effects of a realistic spatial spectrum of inhomogeneity field, the potential bias produced by intrinsic loss, and the distortions produced by a non-spherical (double dipole) source radiation pattern. The latter point is considered as critically important, as one can expect significant data contamination by nodal arrivals. An efficient robust estimation procedure is designed and tested that is capable of suppressing distortions from nodal and near-nodal data.  相似文献   

From ACH tomographic models to absolute velocity models   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jean-Jacques Lévêque  & Frédéric Masson 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(3):621-629

The ACH method, a widely used tomographic inverse method, is characterized by the use of relative residuals in order to avoid possible biases coming from outside the target volume. The ACH method thus does not really retrieve the 3-D structure of the target volume, but instead leads to velocity contrasts relative to the layer average of the velocity, this average value remaining unknown ( Aki et al. 1977 ). Two artefacts derive from this particularity: (1) velocity contrasts are known only in the horizontal direction and it is not possible, in a strict mathematical sense, to estimate the contrasts in the vertical direction with ACH alone; (2) negative anomalies are often interpreted as low velocities, whereas negative anomalies may correspond to high velocities if the average value of the corresponding layer is sufficiently high. The converse is true of positive anomalies. We show with synthetic data how these artefacts can affect the interpretation of tomographic images. We propose to correct the artefacts by reintroducing the 1-D regional average model, and show in synthetic experiments how effective this correction can be.
  The application of this procedure to data recorded in the Kunlun region shows that the retrieval of the absolute values of the 3-D velocity model is helpful for interpreting the tomographic images and better defining which features are anomalous.  相似文献   

Explicit, approximate expressions for the resolution and a posteriori covariance of massive tomographic systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Guust Nolet  Raffaella Montelli  & Jean Virieux 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,138(1):36-44

We present an approximate method to estimate the resolution, covariance and correlation matrix for linear tomographic systems Ax = b that are too large to be solved by singular value decomposition. An explicit expression for the approximate inverse matrix A ⁻ is found using one-step backprojections on the Penrose condition AA ⁻≈ I , from which we calculate the statistical properties of the solution. The computation of A ⁻ can easily be parallelized, each column being constructed independently.
The method is validated on small systems for which the exact covariance can still be computed with singular value decomposition. Though A ⁻ is not accurate enough to actually compute the solution x , the qualitative agreement obtained for resolution and covariance is sufficient for many purposes, such as rough assessment of model precision or the reparametrization of the model by the grouping of correlating parameters. We present an example for the computation of the complete covariance matrix of a very large (69 043 × 9610) system with 5.9 × 10⁶ non-zero elements in A . Computation time is proportional to the number of non-zero elements in A . If the correlation matrix is computed for the purpose of reparametrization by combining highly correlating unknowns x _i , a further gain in efficiency can be obtained by neglecting the small elements in A , but a more accurate estimation of the correlation requires a full treatment of even the smaller A _ij . We finally develop a formalism to compute a damped version of A ⁻.  相似文献   

中国主要湖泊水库的水环境问题与防治建议   总被引：39，自引：4，他引：35  

黄文钰  吴延根  舒金华 《湖泊科学》1998,10(3):83-90

根据中国主要湖泊和水库近期调查及文献资料的收集,整理和分析,中国湖泊水库当前的主要水环境问题是：（１）水质污染日益严重;（２）富营养化问题较为突出;（３）湖库面积有缩小的趋势;（４）水库泥沙淤积严重;（５）部分湖泊含盐量不断上升,并根据上述问题产生原因的分析,提出了防治对策和建议。  相似文献   

1995与1996年夏季琉球群岛两侧海流   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

楼如云  袁耀初 《海洋学报》2004,26(3):16-27

基于1995,1996年夏季日本调查船的观测资料,采用P矢量方法对琉球群岛两侧的海流进行了计算.结果表明:黑潮为琉球群岛以西海域的一支东北向强流,1996年夏季的流速比1995年夏季的强,在深层出现南向逆流.黑潮东、西两侧分别存在一个反气旋式暖涡和一个弱的气旋式冷涡.1995年夏季,琉球群岛以东,从表层至以下层都存在一支沿岸北上的海流,即琉球海流.该海流来自黑潮分支,为本海区的一个主要物理特征.琉球海流以下出现弱的南向流.冲绳岛以东海域,在25°～25°30'N,128°30'～129°10'E附近从表层至700m水深存在一个中尺度的反气旋式暖涡.在温、盐水平分布图上,对应的出现一个较高温、低密水块.1996年夏季,冲绳岛西南海域存在一个中尺度的反气旋式暖涡和一个气旋式冷涡,形成一个偶极子,中间为较强的南向流,该现象为本海区的一个重要物理特征,属首次报道.冲绳岛以东表层主要被南向流控制,琉球海流不明显.200m以深在近岸出现北向流,这表明琉球海流的核心位于次表层.琉球海流的下面出现南向流.计算海区东北部从表层到700m水深出现一个中尺度的反气旋式暖涡,与1995年夏季时比较,其位置向北移动.此外在1996年夏季从近表层到深层,垂直方向和水平方向上的等温线、等盐线波动很大,例如在C断面上冷、暖涡相间出现,且暖  相似文献