An improved segmentation approach for planar surfaces from unstructured 3D point clouds     

Tarek M.  Awwad  Qing  Zhu  Zhiqiang  Du  Yeting  Zhang 《The Photogrammetric Record》2010,25(129):5-23

The extraction of object features from massive unstructured point clouds with different local densities, especially in the presence of random noisy points, is not a trivial task even if that feature is a planar surface. Segmentation is the most important step in the feature extraction process. In practice, most segmentation approaches use geometrical information to segment the 3D point cloud. The features generally include the position of each point (X, Y and Z), locally estimated surface normals and residuals of best fitting surfaces; however, these features could be affected by noisy points and in consequence directly affect the segmentation results. Therefore, massive unstructured and noisy point clouds also lead to bad segmentation (over-segmentation, under-segmentation or no segmentation). While the RANSAC (random sample consensus) algorithm is effective in the presence of noise and outliers, it has two significant disadvantages, namely, its efficiency and the fact that the plane detected by RANSAC may not necessarily belong to the same object surface; that is, spurious surfaces may appear, especially in the case of parallel-gradual planar surfaces such as stairs. The innovative idea proposed in this paper is a modification for the RANSAC algorithm called Seq-NV-RANSAC. This algorithm checks the normal vector (NV) between the existing point clouds and the hypothesised RANSAC plane, which is created by three random points, under an intuitive threshold value. After extracting the first plane, this process is repeated sequentially (Seq) and automatically, until no planar surfaces can be extracted from the remaining points under the existing threshold value. This prevents the extraction of spurious surfaces, brings an improvement in quality to the computed attributes and increases the degree of automation of surface extraction. Thus the best fit is achieved for the real existing surfaces.  相似文献   

中亚地震目录震级转换及其完整性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴果  周庆  冉洪流 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(3):368-383

为编制能够应用于地震危险性分析的中亚地区统一震级标度为矩震级的地震目录,从国际地震中心（ISC）下载得到该地区1907-2012年的地震数据,该数据包含众多机构不同震级标度的地震记录.以MW,GCMT为参考机构震级标度,并用最小二乘法拟合了其他机构震级标度与MW,GCMT之间的转换关系.在挑选某次地震事件的唯一震级记录时,以对应转换关系的相关系数大且剩余标准差小为准则进行筛选.对于少量没有震级转换关系或者拟合优度过差的地震记录,使用间接转换关系或者全球转换关系予以补充转换.震级转换后,用时空窗法删除前余震,并考虑构造环境和地震活动水平的空间差异性将研究区划分成5个子区域.采用地震记录时间累积曲线法、最大曲率法（MAXC）和拟合优度检验法（GFT）综合分析各个分区的最小完整震级（MC）,并在此基础上用极大似然法拟合相应的地震活动性参数.结果表明,每种完整性分析方法各具一定的优缺点,但采用综合分析的方法能够得出最佳的MC.地震记录时间累积曲线法能分析出高质量地震目录的起始时间,以作为后两种方法的基础,但容易受到地震活动水平随时间波动的影响.由于研究区目录质量较差,最大曲率法误差过大以至于只能作为其他方法的补充,拟合优度检验法的GFT参数也普遍只能达到80％左右.GFT最大值点可能并不对应MC,但是MC通常都在GFT极大值点取得.5个分区1964-2012年的MC普遍在Mw4.8左右,b值在1.136-1.514之间波动.  相似文献   

上扬子晚古生代海相地层锶同位素曲线的LOWESS拟合   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄喻  黄思静 《矿物岩石》2009,29(1)

目前仍难以有一种具体的函数关系来描述随时问或随地层厚度变化的地质数据,L0wESS方法被证明是拟合这类数据的较为有效的方法.采用LOWESS方法对我国上扬子地区晚古生代98个海相碳酸盐的锶同位素数据进行科学的拟合,使拟舍得出的曲线具有更好的全球可对比性,从而提高我国锶同位素地层学的研究水平,并使之与相应的国际研究接轨.同时,还从数学角度讨论参数回归和非参数回归的区别,并对影响拟合结果的两个参数和误差范围进行讨论.  相似文献   

基于模糊集合理论的GPS高程多面函数拟合模型平滑因子优选   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邱斌  朱建军 《测绘工程》2004,13(3):35-38

建立GPS高程多面函数拟合模型,其平滑因子是否合适,对GPS水准高程测量精度将产生重要影响.基于模糊集合理论,提出平滑因子的优选方法,实例分析表明,该方法具有较好的实用价值.  相似文献   

低阻区利用地回路标定航空TEM系统的理论研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张爽  陈曙东  于群 《地球物理学报》2012,55(8):2779-2786

本文针对吊舱式航空TEM系统,建立了基于地回路的系统参数标定模型,并分别计算了自由空间模型响应(TLR)、均匀大地模型响应(TER)、地回路与大地耦合模型响应(TELR和TLER).由于TER响应表现为幅度沿测线不变,据此提出通过增加拟合参数的方法实现系统标定,消除了TER响应对标定的影响.TELR和TLER早期响应具...  相似文献   

Improved estimators of correlation and R2 for skewed hydrologic data     

《水文科学杂志》2012,57(1):87-101

ABSTRACT

The coefficient of determination R² and Pearson correlation coefficient ρ = R are standard metrics in hydrology for the evaluation of the goodness of fit between model simulations and observations, and as measures of the degree of dependence of one variable upon another. We show that the standard product moment estimator of ρ, termed r, while well-behaved for bivariate normal data, is upward biased and highly variable for bivariate non-normal data. We introduce three alternative estimators of ρ which are nearly unbiased and exhibit much less variability than r for non-normal data. We also document remarkable upward bias and tremendous increases in variability associated with r using both synthetic data and daily streamflow simulations from 905 calibrated rainfall–runoff models. We show that estimators of ρ = R accounting for skewness are needed for daily streamflow series because they exhibit high variability and skewness compared to, for example, monthly/annual series, where r should perform well.  相似文献   

兰州市职住空间组织特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘定惠  杨永春  朱超洪 《干旱区地理》2012,35(2):288-294

以兰州市为实证研究对象,基于2010年兰州市内1 500份家庭调查问卷数据基础上,利用地理信息系统技术,对兰州市居民的职住空间组织特征进行实证研究。研究发现兰州市居民的居住地和就业地之间的平均距离为2.34 km,有一半居民的通勤距离在1 km内,和北京、上海、广州等东部大城市相比,兰州市的通勤距离比较短,还没有出现类似东部大城市的职住分离比较突出的现象。兰州市作为多中心、带状组团城市,各组团内部就业与居住基本平衡,居民通勤多以本组团内部的通勤行为为主,没有出现大规模的跨区通勤,各组团居民的通勤行为具有“近多远少”特点。各组团职住空间特征存在明显的差异,城关区和安宁区的平均通勤距离较短,七里河和西固区的平均通勤距离较长。职住空间组织特征与城市中居住功能和就业功能的空间差异有关。城关区属于单向外来通勤流为主的区域、七里河区属于双向通勤流比较平衡的区域、安宁区和西固区属于单向外出通勤流为主的区域。  相似文献   

Design principle for parameters and interferences of tungsten carbide insert interface on roller bits     

YIN Kun  JONG Yonchol  BO Kun  CHOE Jongman 《世界地质(英文版)》2013,16(1):43-47

The lifetime of roll-bits with inserted tooth will be obviously decreased while drilling in strata and the tungsten carbide can be integrally separated from the roll-cone,which will need more trip out time to replace the roller bit.This study provides an entire analysis on stress as well as strength for teeth and tooth holes in loaded conditions.Qualities of tooth drop from matrix within roller bit.The optimized interferences of teeth inserted into the bit can be reasonably obtained by the critical interference derived from some relevant influence factors on the tooth-fixing quality of roller bits.  相似文献   

Automatic techniques for 3D reconstruction of critical workplace body postures from range imaging data     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2013

The paper shows techniques for the determination of structured motion parameters from range camera image sequences. The core contribution of the work presented here is the development of an integrated least squares 3D tracking approach based on amplitude and range image sequences to calculate dense 3D motion vector fields. Geometric primitives of a human body model are fitted to time series of range camera point clouds using these vector fields as additional information. Body poses and motion information for individual body parts are derived from the model fit. On the basis of these pose and motion parameters, critical body postures are detected. The primary aim of the study is to automate ergonomic studies for risk assessments regulated by law, identifying harmful movements and awkward body postures in a workplace.  相似文献   

鞍本地区早前寒武纪地质体铅同位素组成及铀源条件定量计算方法研究     

韩军  李林强  李月湘  夏毓亮 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2011,30(2):172-179

本文对比了鞍本地区前寒武纪铅-锌-银矿区和铀矿区的硫化物矿石和花岗岩长石Pb同位素组成,分别用矿石铅二阶段普通铅法、铅构造模式图解和全岩铅同位素组成三阶段拟合法计算了年龄和全岩原始铀含量。结果表明,矿石铅和长石铅模式年龄约为2000 Ma,在铅构造模式图上投影于2000~1600 Ma间,花岗岩和辽河群全岩拟合年龄为2000~1800 Ma;铅同位素组成显示铅-锌-银来自早元古代辽河群地层,连山关地区明显为放射性成因Pb同位素组成,源于富铀花岗岩。连山关矿石铅年龄和全岩三阶段年龄与该区铀矿床沥青铀矿的年龄基本一致;花岗岩原始铀的得失计算表明,该地区不同地质体均经历了约2000~1800 Ma花岗岩重熔改造,花岗质岩石发生了铀的丢失,是连山关地区铀矿的主要来源。  相似文献