城市轨道交通对土地利用变化的时空效应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

谭章智  李少英  黎夏  刘小平  陈逸敏  李威贤 《地理学报》2017,72(5):850-862

定量分析轨道交通对城市内部精细土地利用复杂变化影响的时空效应,对于预测未来新建站点对土地利用的影响以及规划方案的调整与优化具有重要的指导意义。本文提出结合历史高分遥感影像与POI数据获取多时间节点精细土地利用信息的方法,并以广州市二号和八号地铁线为例,结合逐步回归模型与站点用地功能分类,从时间和空间两个维度定量研究地铁对土地利用转变的复杂影响过程与空间差异规律。结果表明,轨道交通促使站点周边低密度居住用地向商业用地、高密度居住用地等高效益土地利用方式的转变;轨道交通在规划、建设、运营不同阶段对于周边土地利用的影响呈现显著的差异规律;地铁站点对土地利用变化影响规律具有明显的空间异质性特征,与站点在城市里的位置以及站点周边的土地利用有关,对城市中心区域的影响较小,对郊区的影响主要与可用的非建设用地面积相关,而工业用地对土地利用变化具有限制作用;轨道交通还带来用地功能和性质的转变,这样的转变大多发生在地铁站点开通运营的时间点。  相似文献   

A mineral magnetic and scaled-chrysophyte paleolimnological study of two northeastern Pennsylvania lakes: records of fly ash deposition, land-use change, and paleorainfall variation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K. P. Kodama  J. C. Lyons  Peter A. Siver  Anne-Marie Lott 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,17(2):173-189

A combined mineral magnetic and scaled chrysophyte study of lake sediments from Lake Lacawac and Lake Giles in northeastern Pennsylvania was conducted to determine the effects of land-use and sediment source changes on the variation of pH, conductivity, and alkalinity inferred from biotic changes. Ten 30–40 cm long gravity cores were collected from Lake Lacawac and three from Lake Giles. Isothermal remanent magnetizations (IRMs) were given to the lake sediments in a 1.3 T magnetic field to measure magnetic mineral concentration variations. IRM acquisition experiments were conducted to identify magnetic mineralogy. The bedrock, soils and a peat bog on the shores of Lake Lacawac were also sampled for magnetic analysis to determine possible lake sediment sources. The top 10 cm of sediment collected from Lakes Lacawac and Giles was two to four times more magnetic than deeper sediment. ²¹⁰Pb dating suggests that this intensity increase commenced circa 1900. SEM images of magnetic extracts from the highly magnetic sediments indicates the presence of magnetic fly ash microspheres from fossil fuel burning electric power generation plants. The similarity in magnetic coercivity in the top 8 cm lake sediments and in the peat bog supports an atmospheric source for some of the magnetic minerals in the youngest lake sediments. The highly magnetic sediments also contain an antiferromagnetic mineral in two cores closest to Lake Lacawacs southeastern shore. This magnetic mineral is only present deep in the soil profile and would suggest erosion and significant land-use changes in the Lacawac watershed as another cause for the high magnetic intensities (concentrations) in the top 10 cm of the lake sediments. The most significant changes in the scaled chrysophyte flora occurred immediately above the 10 cm level and were used to infer a doubling of the specific conductivity between circa 1910 and 1929. These variations also support land-use changes in the Lacawac catchment at this time. A similar shift in the scaled chrysophte flora was not observed in the top of Lake Giles, however, distinct changes were found in the deeper sections of the core coupled with a smaller peak in magnetic concentration. Fourier analysis of the ²¹⁰Pb-dated lake sediment magnetics indicates the presence of a 50 year period, low amplitude variation in the Lake Lacawac, Lake Giles, and Lake Waynewood (Lott et al., 1994) magnetic concentration records. After removal of the land-use/fly ash magnetic concentration peak by Gaussian filtering, the 50 year variation correlates strongly from lake to lake even though the lakes are in different watersheds separated by up to 30 km. When this magnetic variation is compared with Gaussian-filtered rainfall variations observed in New York City and Philadelphia over the past 120–250 years there is a strong correlation suggesting that magnetic concentration variations can record regional rainfall variations with an approximately 50 year period. This result indicates that magnetics could be used to document regional variations in climatic change.  相似文献   

土地管理三维思维与土地空间资源认知   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭仁忠  罗平  罗婷文 《地理研究》2018,37(4):649-658

基于城市发展的三维理念轨迹及土地立体化利用趋势,采用文献检索与综合分析法,剖析土地管理重视三维思维的原因,辨析土地的空间特质,提出土地空间资源的概念内涵,初探土地空间资源管理制度和技术,以促进土地领域实践问题解决。结果显示：① 土地管理三维思维符合社会发展和土地利用趋势,是基于土地管理实践而衍生的创新需求。② 土地作为资源的本质属性之一是空间性,具备三维空间特质;土地空间资源是土地资源概念的外延,是以土地表层为基底或脱离土地表层的可利用的三维空间存在。③ 土地空间资源的提出,能引发土地管理领域在理念、制度和技术上进行三维思维化的重构与创新,具有科学意义和实践价值。  相似文献   

天津滨海新区生态用地评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马振兴  杜晋苗  孙艳玲  王中良 《地域研究与开发》2016,(3):109-113

运用GIS和RS技术,从生态服务功能、景观空间结构和土壤环境质量3个方面建立评价指标体系,运用加权指数和法对天津滨海新区生态用地空间重要性进行评价,为区域土地利用规划调整和生态用地分级保护提供引导和理论依据。将生态用地划分为3个类型区,以反映不同生态用地保护级别和建设管制要求。其中,特殊保护区/禁止建设区占生态用地面积的34.62%,大部分为湿地;重点保护区/限制建设区占41.29%,主要为耕地;一般保护区/有条件建设区占24.09%,以盐田为主。  相似文献   

Natural flood management,land use and climate change trade-offs: the case of Tarland catchment,Scotland     

Oana Iacob  John Rowan 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(12):1931-1948

A distributed hydrological model (WaSiM-ETH) was applied to a mesoscale catchment to investigate natural flood management as a nonstructural approach to tackle flood risks from climate change. Peak flows were modelled using climate projections (UKCP09) combined with afforestation-based land-use change options. A significant increase in peak flows was modelled from climate change. Afforestation could reduce some of the increased flow, with greatest benefit from coniferous afforestation, especially replacing lowland farmland. Nevertheless, large-scale woodland expansion was required to maintain peak flows similar to present and beneficial effects were significantly reduced for larger “winter-type” extreme floods. Afforestation was also modelled to increase low-flow risks. Land-use scenarios showed catchment-scale trade-offs across multiple objectives meant “optimal” flood risk solutions were unlikely, especially for afforestation replacing lowland farmland. Hence, combined structural/nonstructural measures may be required in such situations, with integrated catchment management to synergize multiple objectives.  相似文献   

基于MapGIS的县级土地利用数据库的建设   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

侯海滨  侯海江 《测绘与空间地理信息》2010,33(1):136-139

针对土地利用数据管理需要,本文着重利用国产GIS软件MapGIS进行土地利用数据库的构建,对土地利用数据采集和处理等关键技术进行了探讨,并形成了相关的应用技术,大大提高了土地利用数据采集、处理和管理的效率和技术应用层次。  相似文献   

土地利用空间格局的置换变化与代换变化分析     

冉建波  陈兴伟 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(6):661-667

为揭示土地利用空间格局的动态变化,本文基于土地利用转移矩阵,从类型间的空间转移过程出发,构建了置换变化与代换变化的计算模型,并对其2种变化进行了分析。置换变化是2种类型之间以相同面积发生空间位置的置换过程,且各种类型的数量结构保持不变;代换变化则是所研究类型的数量结构保持不变,而与之转换的其他类型数量上的增加或减少;从而将单一类型的总变化进一步细分为置换变化、代换变化与净变化。以晋江流域1985年与2006年2期土地利用格局的变化为例进行分析,结果显示：在1985-2006年间,晋江流域的土地利用空间格局发生了显著变化;园地、建设用地、未利用地呈现扩张态势,草地与旱地呈现萎缩变化,水域变化不大;这6种地类的交换变化面积相对较少,以置换变化为主。水田与林地则主要表现为空间位置的交换变化,其中,水田呈现出与林地、旱地2种类型之间的置换变化,而林地则主要是园地-林地与林地-草地这2对类型间的代换变化。结果表明,通过置换变化与代换变化的分析,更细化了各种类型之间的动态变化过程。  相似文献   

Environmental water quantity projections under market-driven and sustainability-driven future scenarios in the Narew basin,Poland   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

M. Piniewski  T. Okruszko  M.C. Acreman 《水文科学杂志》2014,59(3-4):916-934

Abstract

The aim of this article is to assess the impact of four scenarios combining possible changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide, land use and water use by 2050, on the specific set of ecologically relevant flow regime indicators that define environmental flow requirements in a semi-natural river basin in Poland. This aim is presented through a modelling case study using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Indicators show both positive and negative responses to future changes. Warm projections from the IPSL-CM4 global climate model combined with sustainable land- and water-use projections (SuE) produce the most negative changes, while warm and wet projections from the MIROC3.2 model combined with market-driven projections (EcF) gave the most positive changes. Climate change overshadows land- and water-use change in terms of the magnitude of projected flow alterations. The future of environmental water quantity is brighter under the market-driven rather than the sustainability-driven scenario, which shows that sustainability for terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. more forests and grasslands) can be at variance with sustainability for riverine and riparian ecosystems (requiring sufficient amount and proper timing of river flows).