乡村文化与"三农"关系研究--以商丘市为例   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

余方镇 《地域研究与开发》2005,24(2):55-59

中国传统文化和农业文化结合形成了乡村文化,农民在乡村文化环境中形成了"落后、封闭、固化、狭隘"的文化观念。千百年来,乡村文化观念已成为农民心理结构的主要成份,并对他们的思想感情、行为活动一直起着制约作用,进而影响着农业生产的发展和农村面貌的改变,解决"三农"问题的关键在于转变传统的乡村文化观念。因此,从根本上解决"三农"问题的策略是:首先提高农民文化素质,转变其乡村文化观念;其次是对农用土地进行规划整治,改变农村面貌,调整农业结构,促使农业全面发展;第三是加快城市化进程,实现城乡一体化,加强城乡文化交流、整合,使城乡共同发展。  相似文献   

河南省农业产业化经营探析     

杨宗渠  朱军  崔庆明  陈海军  赵惠东  周杰  王允  赵梅红 《地域研究与开发》2005,24(4):58-61

文章概述了河南省农业产业化经营取得的成效,分析了农业产业化经营的4种类型及实施过程中存在的问题;提出要加速河南省农业产业化进程,必须进一步深化对农业产业化的认识,依靠科技进步,采取切实措施增强全民科技意识,提高广大农民的科学技术文化水平,营造农业产业化外在的科技氛围,培育实力雄厚、辐射面广、带动能力强的龙头企业,提高农民组织化程度,完善农业市场化政策,建立健全农业产业化内部运行机制,发挥政府在农业产业化经营中的多种作用。  相似文献   

西安市城市化与都市农业发展耦合关系研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

齐爱荣  周忠学  刘欢 《地理研究》2013,32(11):2133-2142

城市化以其强烈的市场效应与辐射功能带动了都市农业的发展,但同时又对都市农业的水土资源、生态环境造成负面影响;都市农业又通过其生产、社会及生态功能推动城市化发展。揭示两者之间的作用规律,对解决城市经济、社会和生态问题,快速推动都市农业发展,协调城乡关系具有重要意义。本文在构建城市化水平与都市农业发展水平测度指标体系的基础上,通过主成分分析法和相关分析法,探讨了城市化与都市农业发展之间的相互作用机制,并定量分析了两者之间的耦合关系。结果表明：① 近10 年,西安市城市化水平与都市农业发展水平都呈上升的趋势,且二者表现出显著的同步性;② 西安城市化水平和都市农业发展水平呈显著的正相关,相关系数达0.955;③ 西安城市现代化水平因子、城市生活质量水平因子和人口与经济结构因子是推动城市化的3 个主要因子,其中城市现代化水平因子是推动西安都市农业发展的主导因子。  相似文献   

日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)土池生物膜原位修复低碳养殖技术的研究     

江兴龙 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(6):1134-1140

采用水体中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法,在12口土池开展生物膜原位修复技术对土池淡水养殖日本鳗鲡的节水减排、养殖效益及机理的研究。结果表明,在172d的养殖期间,处理组比对照组节水减排78%(P<0.01);处理组的氨氮、NO2-N、CODMn、溶解性正磷酸盐和浊度分别低于对照组31.7%、49.7%、29.6%、24.2%和26.2%(P<0.01);藻类密度的变化幅度及蓝藻相对密度分别低于对照组58.8%、52.6%(P<0.01);净产量、起捕尾重和生长速度分别高出对照组38%、22.7%和27.1%(P<0.01);饲料系数低于对照组14.2%(P<0.01);处理组每公顷池塘增加养殖利润约77.25万元。池塘生物膜原位修复低碳养殖技术具有成本低、节水减排、增产增收、操作简便与易推广等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

闽江下游白头山遗址稻旱混作农业的植硅体证据     

戴锦奇  左昕昕  蔡喜鹏  温松全  靳建辉  仲蕾洁  夏韬钦 《第四纪研究》2019,39(1):161-169

稻作和旱作农业的起源与传播一直是植物考古和农业考古研究中的热点,闽江下游地区农业开始的时间及其发展过程对农业向南及向台湾传播的路径和时间研究至关重要,然而由于缺少详细的植物考古学工作,迄今为止关于该地区稻作和旱作农业开始的时间仍然是不清楚的。文章对闽江下游新发掘的闽侯县荆溪镇白头山遗址进行了系统的采样,通过考古学研究和14C测定确立了年代框架,对遗址进行了详细的植硅体分析。研究结果表明,白头山遗址主要包含闽江下游地区新石器时代晚期到末期的遗存(约5000~3000 cal.a B.P.),该遗址中植硅体类型丰富,自昙石山下层文化时期至黄瓜山文化时期,均发现有水稻特征型植硅体,黍子稃壳植硅体首次出现于昙石山文化层,说明在距今5000年左右稻作农业已经传播到了闽江下游,距今4700年左右的昙石山文化时期地层中黍子的出现则说明旱作农业的传入,形成了稻旱混作的原始农业格局。结合闽江流域及台湾地区其他的植物考古学工作,认为闽江是稻旱农业向台湾及东南亚地区传播的重要通道,研究结果为深入了解闽江流域新石器时代农业的发生、发展及其结构特征提供新的认识,为稻旱混作农业南传的时间及路径提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

过去20年中国耕地生产力区域差异变化研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

方修琦  殷培红  陈烽栋 《地理科学》2009,29(4):470-476

依据县域农业统计数据,以单位耕地面积的粮食产量作为衡量耕地基本生产力的指标,对比分析了1985~1987和 2002~2004两个时段的耕地生产力空间变化情况。结果表明:① 过去20年全国大部分地区耕地生产力普遍提高,在农牧交错带及其以西地区耕地生产力增加幅度尤为显著,这些地区耕地生产力的提高对全国粮食总产量增加具有重要意义;② 受中国降水空间分异影响,耕地生产力的东西差异依然显著,农牧交错带耕地生产力最低;农牧交错带以东,自西北向东南耕地生产力逐渐增高,耕地生产力区内差异在2002~2004年已表现得不明显;农牧交错带以西,耕地生产力相对增长速度明显快于东侧和农牧交错带;东部地区,由于北方耕地生产力增幅明显,以温度为主导的南北差异已经缩小。  相似文献   

Factors controlling groundwater chemistry in an agricultural area with complex topographic and land use patterns in mid‐western South Korea     

Dong‐Chan Koh  Eun‐Young Kim  Jong‐Sik Ryu  Kyung‐Seok Ko 《水文研究》2009,23(20):2915-2928

Shallow and bedrock groundwater from granitic aquifers were investigated for the hydrogeochemistry of major and minor constituents in an agricultural area. Nitrate concentrations were observed up to 49 mg/l as NO₃‐N, with 22% of samples exceeding the drinking water standard, which could pose a significant threat because most residents rely on groundwater as their drinking water source. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components (PCs): (1) nitrate contamination, contributed by major cations, Cl^?, SO and NO , (2) reduction processes positively involving Fe, Mn and B, and negatively involving dissolved oxygen and NO and (3) natural mineralization, involving HCO and F^?. Cluster analysis, performed on the PC scores, resulted in seven sample groups, which were successfully identified by total depth, elevation and land use. The nitrate‐contaminated groups had mixed land uses, with locally concentrated residential areas. Uncontaminated groundwater groups were found in the natural environment, including high‐altitude spring water and bedrock groundwater with a higher degree of natural mineralization. Shallow groundwater groups in paddy fields in lowlands were affected by reducing environments, of which one group was characterized by high Fe, Mn and B, and negligible nitrate. Groundwater with intermediate nitrate and lower Cl^? and SO was found primarily in hilly terrains with orchards and vegetable gardens, indicating lower contaminant loadings than lowland areas. Higher concentrations of F^? and nitrate were observed in the nitrate‐contaminated water, which seemed unlikely to be explained by groundwater mixing. The strong acidity generated from nitrification may infiltrate deeper into the aquifer, induce accelerated weathering of bedrock and result in the coexistence of F^? and nitrate, which may be an evidence of intense nitrate loading, leading to soil acidification. Multivariate statistical analysis successfully delineated hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater attained by natural and anthropogenic processes in an agriculturally stressed area with complex topographic land use patterns. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Sustainable land use in Tikopia: Food production and consumption in an isolated agricultural system   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Ole Mertz  Thilde Bech Bruun  Bjarne Fog  Kjeld Rasmussen  Jytte Agergaard 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(1):10-26

The land use system on Tikopia – a Polynesian outlier in Solomon Islands – is analyzed to determine how it has developed since it was first described in the 1930s and again in the 1970s. Fieldwork included a household questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews on farming practices and decision making, and the collection of soil samples from the major soil and garden types. The Tikopian land use system has not undergone significant changes since the 1970s; indeed the focus on self-sufficiency in food crops may have been strengthened over the past 30 years as ship arrivals have become increasingly unreliable. Local agricultural production and exploitation of marine resources are essential to sustain the population, and with few exceptions farming and fishing techniques remain unchanged. Most of the island is still farmed permanently and the intensive agricultural system has not suffered long-term setbacks, not even from extreme events such as Cyclone Zoe in 2002. The high fertility of Tikopian soils reported in the 1960s was found to be unchanged. It is concluded that the land use system is highly resilient to shocks and that there are no indications that Tikopian villagers would not be able to support their subsistence in the future, provided there is no substantial increase in the resident ( de facto ) population.  相似文献   

Competitive Productivism and Australia's Emerging ‘Alternative’ Agri-food Networks: producing for farmers' markets in Victoria and beyond     

Peter Andrée  Vaughan Higgins  Chris Cocklin 《The Australian geographer》2010,41(3):307-322

This paper advances the theoretical argument for moving beyond the conventional/alternative divide in the analysis of emerging ‘alternative’ agri-food networks (AAFNs). In order to understand how ‘place’, ‘nature’ and ‘quality’-based food networks emerge and develop, we argue that careful attention needs to be paid to the way in which specific political-economic environments shape the options available to farmers and consumers. Australia's ‘competitive productivism’ is the outcome of an export-oriented economy and a neoliberal political orientation, and this environment affects the development of AAFNs in various ways. Most notably, a case study of farmers that sell at farmers' markets in the State of Victoria shows that the competitive-productivist policies pursued by Australian governments entice some farmers who participate in AAFNs to develop their ideas into higher output businesses tailored to compete in emerging export markets. Other farmers deliberately choose to keep marketing through alternative channels despite competitive-productivist pressures to expand. These findings demonstrate the centrality to the experience of AAFN participants of negotiating productivist pressures, adding nuances to the story of the complex relations between AAFNs and conventional supply chains.  相似文献   

低碳旅游背景下的世界遗产开发和保护模式研究     

杨效忠  王荣荣  韩会然 《云南地理环境研究》2010,22(5):1-5

低碳旅游是在低碳经济大背景下产生的一种新的旅游形式,是旅游开发与保护一体化的新型可持续发展理念。在分析低碳旅游和世界遗产保护目标的关系以及中国世界遗产保护和利用现状的基础上,将中国世界遗产地低碳旅游发展分为早期、成熟期两个不同阶段,并相应提出两个阶段遗产开发与保护模式,分析两种模式的主要影响因素及采取的相应措施。  相似文献