青藏高原湖泊涨缩的新构造运动意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈兆恩  林秋雁 《地震》1993,(1):29-40,52

青藏高原位于我国的西南部,平均海拔4000—5000m。第四纪以来强烈的新构造运动,引起地壳大幅度的隆起,迫使湖泊出现了大规模的退缩及迁移。新的湖泊不断产生或扩大,古老的湖泊又不断消亡或缩小,形成了湖泊变化与构造活动周期的对应性。本文在分析了青藏高原的地貌、第四纪地质,特别是活断层及地震活动性研究的基础上,对于高原≥4km~2的367个湖泊进行了卫片解译,并取得了较好的效果。  相似文献   

伊舒地堑的构造-沉积演化及其聚油条件          下载免费PDF全文

周永胜  王东坡  杨丙中  孙春岩  郭少斌 《沉积与特提斯地质》1993,(5):1-15

伊舒地堑早第三纪盆地的结构、充填形式和充填序列以及区域构造格局表明,它属于我国东北部(东部)新生代裂谷系中的一部分,其发育级别低于辽河裂谷盆地带,而优于佳伊地堑北段,为一初始裂谷盆地。该盆地经历了裂谷前隆升剥蚀(晚白垩—古新世)、张裂深陷(始新世)、充填淤积(渐新世)和后期改造(早第三纪末)四个阶段的演化。与我国东部其它新生代裂谷盆地的演化近同时同步。地堑中5000多米厚的早第三纪陆相沉积物具有良好的生储油条件。同时地堑的构造-沉积演化决定了所形成的油气藏具有个体多而细小的特点,在有利的油气聚集区形成复式油田。  相似文献   

Adaptive adjustment of channel geometry     

R. J. Bennett 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1976,1(2):131-150

This paper constructs a model of channel geometry composed of three subsections: a steady-state submodel, a gradedstate submodel, and a stochastic error submodel. With the aid of this representation of the morphology of channels, the at-a-point changes in geometry can be reproduced by a simple recursive equation of autoregressive, moving-average form which is derived from methods used in the statistical analysis of time series. A set of height loss data for three Japanese rivers derived from Yatsu's (1955) paper is used to determine the effect of bed material changes on adaptations within the graded-state submodel of the channel. The results of analyzing the autocorrelation function, spectrum, and adaptive parameter shifts within this model can be used to infer that significant changes in the amplitude of height change variation, and a shift to higher frequency oscillations of bed forms are associated with the shift in bed material conditions.  相似文献   

Drainage area and the variation of channel geometry downstream   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Micha Klein 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1981,6(6):589-593

Recent geomorphological studies tend to deal with small basins. The understanding of small basin dynamics provides important information for the understanding of large basin dynamics assuming that the extrapolation of small basin data to larger basins is valid. This work tests the validity of this extrapolation of data with reference to channel geometry. An analysis of the variation of channel width downstream reveals that the value b =0.5 (W = aQ^b) is a ‘good’ average. However, the use of a one-line model consisting of a simple power function incurs a loss of a considerable amount of relevant information concerning the channel form and hence the channel processes. It has been shown that the –b– value for small basins and very big basins is lower than the one for the intermediate basins.  相似文献   

黄河下游游荡段过流能力调整对水沙条件与断面形态的响应          下载免费PDF全文

程亦菲  夏军强  周美蓉  邓珊珊 《水科学进展》2020,31(3):337-347

河道过流能力与主槽形态有关,而主槽形态又取决于上游水沙条件,分析过流能力与这两者之间的关系对研究黄河下游游荡段河床演变规律有重要意义。从典型断面和河段平均两个尺度,定量分析了黄河下游游荡段1986-2015年平滩流量与水沙条件(来沙系数和水流冲刷强度)及汛前主槽形态(河相系数)之间的响应关系。结果表明:①1986年至小浪底水库运行前,游荡段淤积严重,主槽萎缩,河道过流能力急剧下降,自小浪底水库运行后,游荡段发生强烈冲刷,其断面持续趋向窄深,过流能力逐年恢复;②建立了断面和河段平滩流量与水沙条件及河相系数的幂函数关系,二者相关系数均在0.5以上,但河段尺度相比于断面尺度的相关系数至少可提高17%;③河段平滩流量与前5年汛期平均水流冲刷强度及河相系数的相关系数接近0.94,相应计算公式能较好地反映平滩流量的变化过程,为分析其他河段平滩流量的变化提供了参考方法。  相似文献   

Barchan‐shaped ripple marks in a wave flume     

Noritaka Endo  Hidehito Kubo  Tsuguo Sunamura 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(1):31-42

Barchans, isolated crescent‐shaped bedforms, are believed to be formed under almost unidirectional wind or water ?ows and limited sand supply. The formation of barchan morphologies under the action of purely oscillatory wave motion has not yet been fully investigated. The present study attempted to form barchan topography in a wave ?ume and to compare this with barchans in the ?eld. Barchan morphologies of ripple size, called the barchan ripples, were generated from a ?at bed by the action of waves. The horn width, the distance between horn tips, of the barchan ripples increased linearly with an increase in the total length, the overall length projected on the centre line of the barchan, with a coef?cient common to barchan dunes in deserts. The ratio of horn length to horn width of the barchan ripples was smaller than that of barchan dunes, but similar to that of subaqueous barchans in the ?eld. The longer the wave period was, the larger the ratio of the body length to horn width became. Most subaqueous barchans formed under waves (in the laboratory) and unidirectional ?ows (in the ?eld) had blunter horns than subaerial barchans. The shape of the barchan ripples changed with wave period. The outer rim became rounder with increasing wave period. The relationship between the base area and the height of barchan morphologies seems to be linear, with a constant coef?cient for the scale from ripples to dunes. The barchan ripples showed a linear relationship between the height and the horn width, similar to that for barchan dunes. The migration speed of the barchan ripples was proportional to the cube of the ?ow velocity and was inversely proportional to height. The same relation with a different value of the coef?cient was obtained for barchan dunes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of Epipolar Geometry in Linear Array Scanner Scenes     

Ayman F.  Habib  Michel  Morgan  Soo  Jeong  Kyung-Ok  Kim 《The Photogrammetric Record》2005,20(109):27-47

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论多边形中轴问题和算法   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9  

胡鹏  王海军  邵春丽  胡海 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(10):853-857

比较了当前国内外GIS中和计算几何中关于多边形中轴的定义,讨论了它们的主要特点,指出多边形中轴应是到两个以上边距离相等点的轨迹,并据此分析了相应的各种算法和实际应用场合,提出了理论上较为严密、能够广泛满足实际应用需要的几何方法———点对序列法和地图代数多边形中轴法。  相似文献   

浙江地区地震波衰减和场地响应研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

邹振轩 《地震地磁观测与研究》2005,26(6):9-16

根据浙江数字地震台网记录的发生在浙江省及其附近海域的中小地震的波形资料，采用互相衔接的三段几何衰减模型，利用遗传算法联合计算，通过在频率域内的分析，测定和研究了浙江地区剪切波的几何衰减和非弹性衰减以及场地响应的特征。  相似文献   

Cusp geometry in MHD simulations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

George Siscoe  Nancy Crooker  Keith Siebert  Nelson Maynard  Daniel Weimer  Willard White 《Surveys in Geophysics》2005,26(1-3):387-407

The MHD simulations described here show that the latitude of the high-altitude cusp decreases as the IMF swings from North to South, that there is a pronounced dawn–dusk asymmetry at high-altitude associated with a dawn–dusk component of the IMF, and that at the same time there is also a pronounced dawn–dusk asymmetry at low-altitude. The simulations generate a feature that represents what has been called the cleft. It appears as a tail (when the IMF has a B_y component) attached to the cusp, extending either toward the dawn flank or the dusk flank depending on the dawn–dusk orientation of the IMF. This one-sided cleft connects the cusp to the magnetospheric sash. We compare cusp geometry predicted by MHD simulations against published observations based on Hawkeye and DMSP data. Regarding the high-altitude predictions, the comparisons are not definitive, mainly because the observations are incomplete or mutually inconsistent. Regarding the low-altitude prediction of a strong dawn–dusk asymmetry, the observations are unambiguous and are in good qualitative agreement with the prediction.  相似文献