四川省西溪河地洛水电工程区“7.31”泥石流灾害     

陈兴长  崔鹏  葛永刚  裴来政  方华 《山地学报》2010,28(1)

2009-07-31,四川省凉山彝族自治州西溪河流域金阳县地洛电站施工区暴发泥石流,造成9人死亡、施工道路及设施损毁.通过现场调查和分析认为,"7.31"泥石流是一场高容重低粘度坡面型泥石质泥石流,强降雨是此次泥石流形成的激发条件,工程弃渣是其形成的物质基础和条件,过沟公路未合理设置排水涵洞,路基被毁,沿途大量物质补给是泥石流形成的促进因素."7.31"泥石流隐蔽性强,人们对其危害范围认识不足,防灾意识薄弱,监测预警不到位,是造成人员伤亡与财产损失的重要因素.结合西溪河流域水电开发的现状,针对性地提出了规范人类工程活动,提高防灾意识,加强地质灾害的监测预警等防治对策,建议进一步加强中小水电工程施工的监管力度,切实落实灾害危险性评估与防灾措施,最大限度地减少人为地质灾害.  相似文献   

西北小城镇的震害特点及防灾减灾     

雷中生  宋利萍  张蜜利  顾岩 《高原地震》2010,22(3):61-66

西北小城镇面临的地震高风险已成为人们关注的焦点。由于自然环境差、社会经济和城镇基础设施薄弱、民众文化素质低,加大了小城镇抢险救援的难度。另一方面,人口密度低、自救互救能力较强、震后引发的社会问题不突出,又成为有利的一面。了解西北小城镇的震害特点,有针对性地建立起防灾减灾对策,做好平时准备、震前防御、震时救援、震后重建的立体战略思想、战术和方法,就能很好地提高西北小城镇的综合防灾能力。  相似文献   

城市避震疏散能力评价方法研究     

管友海  高惠瑛  王耀 《世界地震工程》2010,26(4)

综合考虑人口、建筑、绿地、道路、疏散场所和重大危险源等各类影响因素,提出了街区疏散能力综合评价指数CEIEC,用层次分析法(AHP)通过各因素权重,对街区避震疏散能力进行了量化表达,能够给出各研究单元的避震疏散能力的相对水平,从而对城市社区避震疏散能力进行综合评价。本方法有利于揭示城市内避震疏散的薄弱环节,对城市规划等部门的工作,尤其对城市防灾规划的编制具有明显的指导性意义。  相似文献   

Global Warming Potential in an Intensive Vegetable Cropping System as Affected by Crop Rotation and Nitrogen Rate   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

Ju Min  Kouping Lu  Haijun Sun  Longlong Xia  Hailin Zhang  Weiming Shi 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(7):766-774

  相似文献   

空间信息技术是防洪减灾现代化的基础   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

李纪人  黄诗峰 《测绘科学》2005,30(1):63-65

我国洪涝灾害频繁,洪灾损失严重,防洪减灾将是一项长期而艰巨的任务。在防洪减灾研究中,必须积极引进当今最新科学技术成果,以高新技术改造水利这一传统产业,以水利信息化推动水利现代化。以遥感、地理信息系统和全球导航定位系统为支撑的空间信息技术可以广泛地应用于防洪减灾中,是防洪减灾现代化的基础。本文分析了空间信息技术在防洪减灾中的作用,并对空间信息技术在防洪减灾中的应用趋势作出展望。  相似文献   

SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):416-420

Contemporary Metropolitan America. John S. Adams (ed.)

The Climate of the Great American Desert: Reconstruction of the Climate of Western Interior United States, 1800–1850. Merlin P. Lawson.

Geomorphology from the Earth. Karl W. Butzer.

Glaciers and Landscape: A Geomorphological Approach. David E. Sugden and Brian S. John.

Experiencing the Environment. Seymour Wapner, Saul B. Cohen and Bernard Kaplan (eds.).

Folk Housing in Middle Virginia. Henry Glassie.

Place and Placelessness. Edward Relph.

The Changing Face of Tibet: The Impact of Chinese Communist Ideology on the Landscape. Pradyumna P. Karan.

Imperial Russia in Frontier America. James R. Gibson.

Immigrants in the Ozarks: A Study in Ethnic Geography. Russel L. Gerlach.

Urban Social Segregation. Ceri Peach (ed.).

Urban Modelling: Algorithms, Calibrations, Predictions. Michael Batty.

Strategies for Human Settlements: Habitat and Environment. Gwen Bell (ed.).

Spatial Components of Manufacturing Change. Yehoshua S. Cohen and Brian J. L. Berry.

Income Distribution in Latin America. Alejandro Foxley (ed.).

The Netherlands. David Pinder.

Social Issues in Regional Policy and Regional Planning. Antoni Kuklinski (ed.).

Periodic Markets, Urbanization, and Regional Planning: A Case Study from Western Kenya. Robert A. Obudho and Peter P. Waller.

Atlas of Oregon. William G. Loy (director and cartographer), Stuart Allan, Clyde P. Patton and Robert D. Plank.

Papua New Guinea Resource Atlus. Edgar Ford (ed.) and John S. Feodoroff

Landmarks of Mapmaking: An Illustrated Survey of Maps and Mapmakers. Text by Charles Bricker and maps selected by R. V. Tooley.  相似文献   

芦山“4·20”地震后宝兴县城打水沟泥石流发育趋势及防治方案     

游勇  柳金峰  陈兴长 《山地学报》2013,31(4)

打水沟为宝兴河右岸的一级支流,位于宝兴县城城区,流域面积1.01 km2,主沟长度1.85 km,主沟比降640‰.受芦山“4·20”地震的影响,流域中下游直接引发了大量的崩滑体,加之地形陡峻,且位于青衣江-鹿头山暴雨区边缘,极容易发生泥石流.一旦发生泥石流,将会对沟口建筑和人员的安全造成巨大危害.通过对打水沟地震前后遥感影像的解译,结合野外考察,综合判定该沟为地震触发的潜在性泥石流沟.进一步分析估算,由于地震震动导致流域内发育6处崩塌体,总面积20375 m2,松散固体物质总量为15.20×l04m3.在分析泥石流形成条件与发展趋势的基础上,提出了打水沟泥石流减灾方案,并对泥石流排导槽梯形最佳过流横断面进行了设计.通过计算分析得到,在排泄设计标准的泥石流时,排导槽的最佳过流断面宽度为2.38 m,深度为2.23 m.  相似文献   

Soil bentonite wall protects foundation from thrust faulting: analyses and experiment     

Meysam Fadaee  I. Anastasopoulos  G. Gazetas  M.K. Jafari  M. Kamalian 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2013,12(3):473-486

When seismic thrust faults emerge on the ground surface,they are particularly damaging to buildings,bridges and lifelines that lie on the rupture path.To protect a structure founded on a rigid raft,a thick diaphragm-type soil bentonite wall(SBW) is installed in front of and near the foundation,at sufficient depth to intercept the propagating fault rupture.Extensive numerical analyses,verified against reduced–scale(1 g) split box physical model tests,reveal that such a wall,thanks to its high deformability and low shear resistance,"absorbs" the compressive thrust of the fault and forces the rupture to deviate upwards along its length.As a consequence,the foundation is left essentially intact.The effectiveness of SBW is demonstrated to depend on the exact location of the emerging fault and the magnitude of the fault offset.When the latter is large,the unprotected foundation experiences intolerable rigid-body rotation even if the foundation structural distress is not substantial.  相似文献   

Contribution to the Global Warming Mitigation of Marshlands Conversion to Croplands in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China     

Xiao‐Hui Liu  Gui‐Hua Dong  Yuan Zhang  Xian‐Guo Lu  Ming Jiang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(4):319-324

Based on the estimation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestration of the total conversion of marshlands (TMC), marshlands conversion to paddy fields (MCPFs) and marshlands conversion to uplands (MCULs), this study revealed the contribution to the global warming mitigation (CGWM) of paddy fields versus uplands converted from marshlands in the Sanjiang Plain (excluding the Muling‐Xingkai Plain on south of Wanda Mountain), Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. The results showed that the total area of MCPFs and MCULs was 504.23 × 10³ ha between 1982 and 2005. The CGWM per unit area was 45.53 t CO₂eq/ha for MCPFs and that was 23.95 t CO₂eq/ha for MCULs, with an obvious 47.40% reduction. The MCPFs and MCULs ecosystems acted as the carbon sink all of the year. As far as CGWM per unit area is concerned, MCPFs mitigated the greenhouse effect which was greater than MCULs. And it was effective that the implementation of the uplands transformed into paddy fields in Northeast China with regard to marshlands protection and croplands (including paddy fields and uplands) reclamation.  相似文献   

Negative-emissions technology portfolios to meet the 1.5 °C target     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Our carbon-intensive economy has led to an average temperature rise of 1 °C since pre-industrial times. As a consequence, the world has seen increasing droughts, significant shrinking of the polar ice caps, and steady sea-level rise. To stall these issues’ worsening further, we must limit global warming to 1.5 °C. In addition to the economy’s decarbonization, this endeavour requires the use of negative-emissions technologies (NETs) that remove the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere. While techno-economic feasibility alone has driven the definition of negative-emissions solutions, NETs’ diverse, far-reaching implications demand a more holistic assessment. Here, we present a comprehensive framework, integrating NETs’ critical performance aspects of feasibility, effectiveness, and side impacts, to define the optimal technology mix within realistic outlooks. The resulting technology portfolios provide a useful new benchmark to compare carbon avoidance and removal measures and deliberately choose the best path to solve the climate emergency.  相似文献