The Impact Cooling of the Storm-Induced SST on Hurricane Intensity     

Tong ZHU Da-Lin ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2006,23(1):14-22

The effects of storm-induced sea surface temperature （SST） cooling on hurricane intensity are investigated using a 5-day cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bonnie （1998）. Two sensitivity simulations are performed in which the storm-induced cooling is either ignored or shifted close to the modeled storm track. Results show marked sensitivity of the model-simulated storm intensity to the magnitude and relative position with respect to the hurricane track. It is shown that incorporation of the storm-induced cooling, with an average value of 1.3℃, causes a 25-hPa weakening of the hurricane, which is about 20 hPa per 1℃ change in SST. Shifting the SST cooling close to the storm track generates the weakest storm, accounting for about 47% reduction in the storm intensity. It is found that the storm intensity changes are well correlated with the air-sea temperature difference. The results have important implications for the use of coupled hurricane-ocean models for numerical prediction of tropical cyclones.  相似文献   

Role of land-surface temperature feedback on model performance for the stable boundary layer     

A. A. M. Holtslag  G. J. Steeneveld  B. J. H. van de Wiel 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(2):361-376

At present a variety of boundary-layer schemes is in use in numerical models and often a large variation of model results is found. This is clear from model intercomparisons, such as organized within the GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS). In this paper we analyze how the specification of the land-surface temperature affects the results of a boundary-layer scheme, in particular for stable conditions. As such we use a well established column model of the boundary layer and we vary relevant parameters in the turbulence scheme for stable conditions. By doing so, we can reproduce the outcome for a variety of boundary-layer models. This is illustrated with the original set-up of the second GABLS intercomparison study using prescribed geostrophic winds and land-surface temperatures as inspired by (but not identical to) observations of CASES-99 for a period of more than two diurnal cycles. The model runs are repeated using a surface temperature that is calculated with a simple land-surface scheme. In the latter case, it is found that the range of model results in stable conditions is reduced for the sensible heat fluxes, and the profiles of potential temperature and wind speed. However, in the latter case the modelled surface temperatures are rather different than with the original set-up, which also impacts on near-surface air temperature and wind speed. As such it appears that the model results in stable conditions are strongly influenced by non-linear feedbacks in which the magnitude of the geostrophic wind speed and the related land-surface temperature play an important role.  相似文献   

广东阳山北山古寺山体滑坡特征及形成机理     

高春海 《中国煤田地质》2007,19(2):47-50

北山古寺滑坡位于北山古寺旅游景区山坡处,第四系上更新统坡积残积土层中.通过对滑坡的发育特征及周边工程地质环境的调查,认为滑坡区的构造条件、地貌特征、地层岩性、水文地质条件是造成滑坡的内在原因,而暴雨与旅游开发则是滑坡发生的诱发因素.经评价,该滑坡体稳定性差（稳定系数小于1.35）,故建议采取以滑坡后缘锚索,前缘和中段设置挡土墙,中轴设降水盲沟,周边设排水沟等工程措施为主,结合植树造林、工程管理等为辅的综合防治措施.  相似文献   

一种应用于城市区域的自适应形态学滤波方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

梁欣廉  张继贤  李海涛 《遥感学报》2007,11(2):276-281

数学形态学滤波是从激光雷达数据中识别地面点、创建数字高程模型的一种重要方法,在应用中取得了较好的效果,但也具有一些明显不足。在分析现有方法优劣及城市地形特点的基础上,提出一种应用于城市环境的自适应形态学滤波算法。该方法采用分层识别策略：首先通过分割得到地面主体部分;之后利用正规化高度值寻找其余地面区域;最后估计地物覆盖区域地面点取值。采用三个不同分辨率、不同地形/地物特点的数据集进行了实验,结果表明该方法能有效识别地面和地物点,并解决了窗口尺寸限制、粗差误判等问题。  相似文献   

Mass flows and river response in rapid uplifting regions – A case of lower Yarlung Tsangpo basin,southeast Tibet,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(6):609-620

The fluvial geomorphology in tectonically active (particularly rapid uplift) regions often undergoes continuous change. The rapid uplift is coincident with high erosion rates; consequently, incised valleys are formed. Mass flows (for example, avalanches, landslides, and debris flows) in incised valleys can markedly influence fluvial processes and even reshape valley geomorphology. However, these processes and long-term evolution corresponding to mass flows require further clarification. Field campaigns were carried out in the region near the Yigong Tsangpo and Palong Tsangpo Rivers (hereafter the Yigong and Palong Rivers), the two largest tributaries of the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River, to examine the feedback between fluvial processes and mass flows. Remote sensing images from recent decades were used to compare the channel morphology before and after typical mass flows (particularly catastrophic ones). The morphology of the lower Yigong River has evidently been impacted by landslides, while that of the Palong River has mainly been shaped by glacial processes and debris flows. At present, the morphology of the latter consists of alternating sections of gorges and wide valleys, with a staircase-like longitudinal profile. The gorge sections exhibit single and deeply incised channels with a high-gradient channel bed and terraces. In contrast, the wide valley sections consist of lakes, braided or anabranching channels, gentle bed gradients, and thick alluvial deposits. Debris flows occur more frequently in gullies in the reaches of the gorge sections and rarely in gullies along the wide valley sections. The occurrence of mass flow events has resulted in an imbalance of the previous (quasi-)equilibrium in the river morphology; however, this has triggered negative feedback that is driving the transient river morphology to a new state of (quasi-)equilibrium.  相似文献   

气候系统及模式中反馈机制研究 I.概念和方法     

林朝晖  曾庆存 《气候与环境研究》1998,(1)

气候系统中存在着各种各样的气候反馈机制,而气候模式对这些反馈机制描述的差异,正是造成不同模式对同一直接辐射强迫（如二氧化碳加倍）的响应不同的主要原因。因此,只有正确描述气候系统中的各种反馈作用,气候模式才可能用来对未来的气候变化进行预测。为此,本文首先介绍了气候系统及模式反馈机制分析研究时所常用的一些概念,如气候敏感性参数、云辐射强迫等,随后概述了气候模式反馈机制比较分析时常用的各种方法,并指出了这些方法各自的优缺点。而详细的有关气候系统及模式中反馈作用及其机制的分析则在文章的第ＩＩ部分给出。  相似文献   

Development of a river delta: a case study of Cimanuk river mouth,Indonesia     

Nita Yuanita  Tawatchai Tingsanchali 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3785-3801

This paper describes delta development processes with particular reference to Cimanuk Delta in Indonesia. Cimanuk river delta, the most rapidly growing river delta in Indonesia, is located on the northern coast of Java Island. The delta is subject to ocean waves of less than 1 m height due to its position in the semi‐enclosed Java Sea in the Indonesian archipelago. The study has been carried out using a hydrodynamic model that accounts for sediment movement through the rivers and estuaries. As an advanced approach to management of river deltas, a numerical model, namely MIKE‐21, is used as a tool in the management of Cimanuk river delta. From calibration and verification of hydrodynamic model, it was found that the best value of bed roughness was 0·1 m. For the sediment‐transport model, the calibration parameters were adjusted to obtain the most satisfactory results of suspended sediment concentration and volume of deposition. By comparing the computed and observed data in the calibration, the best values of critical bed shear stress for deposition, critical bed shear stress for erosion and erosion coefficient were 0·05 N m^?2, 0·15 N m^?2, and 0·00001 kg m^?2 s^?1, respectively. The calibrated model was then used to analyse sensitivity of model parameters and to simulate delta development during the periods 1945–1963 and 1981–1997. It was found that the sensitive model parameters were bed shear stresses for deposition and erosion, while the important model inputs were river suspended sediment concentration, sediment characteristics and hydrodynamic. The model result showed reasonable agreement with the observed data. As evidenced by field data, the mathematical model proves that the Cimanuk river delta is a river‐dominated delta because of its protrusion pattern and very high sediment loads from the Cimanuk river. It was concluded that 86% of sediment load from the Cimanuk river was deposited in the Cimanuk delta. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

伶鼬榧螺(Oliva mustelina)的分子鉴定及其形态变异     

李海涛  何薇  周鹏  陈凯彪  董燕红 《海洋学报》2015,37(4):117-123

根据榧螺螺旋部的差异可将其分为两种不同的形态类型,类型Ⅰ(MorphotypeⅠ)的个体螺旋部陷入体螺层中,其壳顶与前部数螺层愈合;类型Ⅱ(MorphotypeⅡ)的个体螺旋部高出壳顶,缝合线明显,此类型可明确鉴定为伶鼬榧螺(Oliva mustelina)。本研究通过线粒体COⅠ和16SrRNA基因序列的分析对两种形态类型的榧螺进行了分子鉴定。结果表明:两种形态类型的榧螺含有共享的单倍型;不同形态类型间的遗传距离和同一形态类型内的遗传距离重叠;两者的单系性在系统发育分析中没有得到显现,而是共同构成一个单系。因此,两种形态类型的个体均为伶鼬榧螺。类型Ⅰ可能是伶鼬榧螺中一种少见的有别于典型个体的形态变异类型。  相似文献   

Patterns of genetic and morphometric diversity in the marbled crab (Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Brachyura, Grapsidae) populations across the Tunisian coast   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Temim Deli  Hiba Bahles  Khaled Sai  Noureddine Chatti 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(6):49-58

The present study reports on population structure analysis of the marbled crabPachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) from the Tunisian coast, an appropriate location to study biogeographical process...  相似文献   

辽宁沿海菲律宾蛤仔不同地理群体形态差异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

牛泓博  聂鸿涛  赵力强  霍忠明  杨凤  闫喜武 《海洋科学》2015,39(11):54-60

利用多变量形态度量学方法,对辽宁沿海菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)长兴岛(CXD)、旅顺(LS)、营口(YK)、盘锦(PJ)、锦州(JZH)、海洋岛(HYD)、黑石礁(HSJ)以及金州(JZ)8个野生群体进行形态学比较分析。结果表明:主成分分析得到了3个主成分,贡献率分别为40.21%,19.98%和11.57%,累积贡献率为71.75%。聚类分析结果显示,旅顺群体和锦州群体形态最为接近,而与黑石礁群体差异较大。营口群体的趋异程度最大,长兴岛群体、金州群体和海洋岛群体的趋异程度居中。长兴岛群体壳型最扁,贝壳较厚且重;营口群体软体部最肥;金州群体壳型"凸"型最明显,且质量最大,而黑石礁群体贝壳最薄。这些明显特征揭示了不同群体的形态差异。研究结果为菲律宾蛤仔的地理群体识别、种质资源保护与恢复提供了重要依据。  相似文献