大陆中、下地壳电学特征实验研究^①     

朱茂旭  谢鸿森 《地质科技情报》1999,18(4):31

高温高压下地壳物质电导率的实验室测定是研究大陆中、下地壳高导层成因的重要方法之一。研究表明,水、石墨、部分熔融以及矿物脱水都可能形成地壳高导层,在不同构造环境和深度下这些机制起着不同的作用。为解释中地壳高导层,水的存在是必不可少的条件,在下地壳,水、石墨、部分熔融以及矿物脱水、甚至特定的干的下地壳岩石都可解释大地电磁测量结果。  相似文献   

地壳放气动态监测与张北—尚义Ms6.2级地震预报   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

车用太  鱼金子 《地质论评》1999,45(1):59-65

笔者从新的地球观出发,论述地壳放气与地震活动的关系,及其在张北－尚义Ｍｓ６．２级地震中短期,短临预报中应用,认为地震是可以预报的。因此,笔者提出地震预报探索中应加强地壳放气动态监测与研究,特别是加强断层带土壤气ＣＯ２、Ｈ２,Ｈｅ与Ｈｇ动态监测的观点。  相似文献   

Subaerial leaching process of sedimentary bauxite and the discussion on classifications of bauxite deposits          下载免费PDF全文

Du Yuan-Sheng  Yu Wen-Chao 《古地理学报》1999,22(5):812-826

Bauxite is the ultimate fine-grained products of chemical weathering,and thus it is closely linked with the intense chemical weathering. Based on variations of parent rock and weathering processes,the weathering products can be subdivided into laterite and terra rossa,of which the former is formed by weathering of aluminosilicates and the latter is produced by the weathering of carbonates. During the intense chemical weathering,minerals in original subaerial sediments(parent rocks)would suffer a series of processes(dissolution,hydrolyzation,hydration,carbonation,and oxidation)and be destroyed or transformed,leading to formation of new minerals. In the favorable environment,continuously intense chemical weathering would cause the loss of most mobile elements(e.g., K,Na,Ca,Mg,Si)and the enrichment of Al,resulting in the formation of bauxite. Although sedimentary bauxites are closely linked with the weathering curst,they show obvious differences in formation processes. Sedimentary bauxites are composed of intense chemical weathering products that are transported from outside of the basin and re-deposited in the basin,while most weathering crusts are transformed from saprolite and/or deluvium in-situ,and they can only form low-grade bauxites. Sedimentary environments also differ in bauxite ore layers and bauxitic claystone layers. Bauxite ore layers are formed in the subaerial environment and controlled by the leaching process of groundwater in the vadose zone. Based on the analysis of bauxitization,this study proposes to use multiple parameters,such as provenance,sedimentation and mineralization,to build the new classification of Chinese bauxite deposits. In this classification,lateritic and karstic types of bauxite deposits are autochthonous or parautochthonous saprolite and/or deluvium,while sedimentary type is dominated by heterochthonous provenance.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地加里东期不整合面类型及分布特征^*          下载免费PDF全文

熊加贝  何登发 《古地理学报》1999,24(5):970-988

加里东期不整合面是早古生代华北板块内一个重要的盆地性质转换界面。鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系风化壳岩溶型油气藏和二叠系本溪组、太原组铝土质泥岩气藏的发现,促进了地质学家对该地区古生代加里东运动性质的探讨。基于大量的野外露头、钻井和地震资料,对加里东运动形成的不整合面的识别标志、不整合类型及其空间分布、不整合结构和时间变量进行深入解析。研究表明: (1)加里东运动后,鄂尔多斯盆地的古地貌形态大致可分为鄂托克旗—定边一带的高地貌区、神木—靖边—富县以及吴忠地貌过渡区、中东部地势低缓东倾区; (2)奥陶系顶部不整合面相邻地层呈角度各异的接触关系,具有“削截(下)—整一(上)”、“削截(下)—超覆(上)”的结构,整体表现为盆地边缘为具削截和褶皱的高角度不整合、盆缘向盆内过渡地区的低角度不整合及盆内大范围分布的平行不整合; (3)不整合面也是上、下古生界之间形成的主要风化壳界面,长期的沉积间断和风化剥蚀为该区铝土质泥岩发育奠定了环境背景,而铝土岩不仅可作为下古生界风化壳气藏的理想盖层,同时也是陇东勘探新区天然气大规模聚集成藏的有利场所。  相似文献   

On the roughness of Mesozoic oceanic crust in the western North Atlantic     

T. A. Minshull 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,136(1):286-290

Seismic reflection profiles from Mesozoic oceanic crust around the Blake Spur Fracture Zone (BSFZ) in the western North Atlantic have been widely used in constraining tectonic models of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. These profiles have anomalously low basement relief compared to crust formed more recently at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the same spreading rate. Profiles from other regions of Mesozoic oceanic crust also have greater relief. The anomalous basement relief and slightly increased crustal thickness in the BSFZ survey area may be due to the presence of a mantle thermal anomaly close to the ridge axis at the time of crustal formation. If so, the intracrustal structures observed may be representative of an atypical tectonic regime.  相似文献   

Group-velocity tomography of South America and the surrounding oceans   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Oleg Vdovin  José A. Rial  Anatoli L. Levshin  & Michael H. Ritzwoller 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,136(2):324-340

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西南极菲尔德斯海峡断层GPS卫星地壳形变监测网的重建和数据分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

鄂栋臣  张小红  陈春明  王清华 《极地研究》1999,(4)

为了有效地监测南极菲尔德斯海峡断层的地壳运动 ,利用 GPS定位技术 ,将原有的二维平面形变监测网改造成三维空间形变监测网 ,并对 GPS数据采集和数据处理方法作了综述和分析 ,获得了水平方向优于 3mm,高程方向优于 6mm的监测精度。建立 GPS空间三维监测网在南极环境中研究地壳动态形变完全可行的  相似文献   

洋壳活动断层特征和动力作用     

马庆尊  薄万举  冯胜涛  尹海权  周伟  于华之  王佳龙 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(4):410-415

对洋壳活动断层特征进行分析,认识到洋壳活动断层内存在洋壳生长,内部存在对称、褶皱和火山构造.洋壳生长不仅会形成新洋壳,而且会释放热量,产生推挤力,并在洋壳地形上留下演化痕迹.断层内部洋壳生长会促进断层两侧洋壳发生相对运动,众多洋壳断层活动的综合影响造成洋壳块体的相对运动.洋中脊是洋壳生长的产物,转换断层区域是洋壳块体现...  相似文献   

不同有机溶剂萃取生物结皮中叶绿素a效率的比较研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

兰书斌  刘永定  胡春香 《中国沙漠》2009,29(3):524-528

参照水体中浮游植物叶绿素a的萃取测定方法,运用丙酮、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）、二甲基亚砜（DMSO）4种有机溶剂对不同土质不同发育阶段自然和人工生物结皮中叶绿素a的萃取效率进行了比较研究。结果发现,不同有机溶剂从生物结皮中萃取叶绿素a的效率存在极显著差异（P<0.001）,而乙醇法的离散度最低;取样量对萃取效率总体上没有显著影响（P>0.05）,但在具体的测定中与萃取效率之间存在负相关。4种方法中,DMSO法对藻类占优势的结皮萃取率最高,DMF法对自然结皮的萃取率仅次于DMSO法,在人工结皮中最低;乙醇法和丙酮法的萃取效率普遍较低,而且与结皮属性之间没有明显规律。  相似文献   

Influences of grass and moss on runoff and sediment yield on sloped loess surfaces under simulated rainfall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chengzhong Pan  Zhouping Shangguan  Tingwu Lei 《水文研究》2006,20(18):3815-3824

It is important to evaluate the impacts of grasses on soil erosion process so as to use them effectively to control soil and water losses on the Loess Plateau. Laboratory-simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to investigate the runoff and sediment processes on sloped loess surfaces with and without the aboveground parts of grasses and moss (GAM: grass and moss; NGAM: no grass and moss) under slope gradients of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°. The results show that runoff from GAM and NGAM plots increased up to a slope gradient of 10° and decreased thereafter, whereas the runoff coefficients increased with gradient. The average runoff rates and runoff coefficients of NGAM plots were less than those of GAM plots except for the 5° slope. This behaviour may be due to the reduction in water infiltration under moss. The difference between GAM and NGAM plots in average runoff rates varied from 1·4 to 8%. At the same gradients, NGAM plots yielded significantly (α = 0·05) more sediment than GAM plots. Average sediment deliveries for different slopes varied from 0·119 to 3·794 g m⁻² min⁻¹ from GAM plots, and from 0·765 to 16·128 g m⁻² min⁻¹ from NGAM plots. Sediment yields from GAM plots were reduced by 45 to 85%, compared with those from the NGAM plots. Plots at 30° yielded significantly higher sediments than at the other gradients. Total sediments S increased with slope gradients G in a linear form, i.e. S = 9·25G − 39·6 with R² = 0·77*, for the GAM plots, and in an exponential model, i.e. S = 40·4 exp(0·1042G) with R² = 0·93**, for the NGAM plots. In all cases, sediment deliveries decreased with time, and reached a relative steady state at a rainfall duration of 14 min. Compared with NGAM plots, the final percentage reductions in sediment delivery from GAM plots were higher than those at the initial time of rainfall at all slopes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献