Pencil-beam surveys for trans-neptunian objects: Limits on distant populations     

Alex H. Parker  J.J. Kavelaars 《Icarus》2010,209(2):766-770

Two populations of minor bodies in the outer Solar System remain particularly elusive: Scattered Disk Objects and Sedna-like objects. These populations are important dynamical tracers, and understanding the details of their spatial- and size-distributions will enhance our understanding of the formation and on-going evolution of the Solar System. By using newly-derived limits on the maximum heliocentric distances that recent pencil-beam surveys for trans-neptunian objects were sensitive to, we determine new upper limits on the total numbers of distant SDOs and Sedna-like objects. While generally consistent with populations estimated from wide-area surveys, we show that for magnitude-distribution slopes of α ? 0.7-1.0, these pencil-beam surveys provide stronger upper limits than current estimates in literature.  相似文献   

Resonance sticking in the scattered disk     

Patryk Sofia Lykawka  Tadashi Mukai 《Icarus》2007,192(1):238-247

We investigate the dynamical evolution of trans-neptunian objects (TNOs) in typical scattered disk orbits (scattered TNOs) by performing simulations using several thousand particles lying initially on Neptune-encountering orbits. We explore the role of resonance sticking in the scattered disk, a phenomenon characterized by multiple temporary resonance captures (‘resonances’ refers to external mean motion resonances with Neptune, which can be described in the form r:s, where the arguments r and s are integers). First, all scattered TNOs evolve through intermittent temporary resonance capture events and gravitational scattering by Neptune. Each scattered TNO experiences tens to hundreds of resonance captures over a period of 4 Gyr, which represents about 38% of the object's lifetime (mean value). Second, resonance sticking plays an important role at semimajor axes , where the great majority of such captures occurred. It is noteworthy that the stickiest (i.e., dominant) resonances in the scattered disk are located within this distance range and are those possessing the lowest argument s. This was evinced by r:1, r:2 and r:3 resonances, which played the greatest role during resonance sticking evolution, often leading to captures in several of their neighboring resonances. Finally, the timescales and likelihood of temporary resonance captures are roughly proportional to resonance strength. The dominance of low s resonances is also related to the latter. In sum, resonance sticking has an important impact on the evolution of scattered TNOs, contributing significantly to the longevity of these objects.  相似文献   

台风“达维”移动路径成因分析     

王文波  王旭  杨明  杨可栋  封雅琼  梁倩 《干旱气象》2014,(1):75-80

利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°的6 h再分析资料和常规气象观测资料,综合分析了环流背景、"双台风效应"、冷空气活动和海陆下垫面对台风"达维"移动路径变化的影响,结果表明:(1)台风路径在登陆时第1次发生西折的主要原因是500 hPa副高东撤并由带状调整为块状分布,台风"苏拉"对"达维"吸附作用加强,且台风避开冷SST区趋向暖SST区行进;(2)鲁中山区的地形对台风第2次转向起到重要的阻挡作用,副高588线西伸明显,而副高边缘的西南气流增加了台风的东移分量,西风环流上短波槽的发展南下使台风向西移动的分量减弱消失,双台风强度的减弱和距离的增加使台风的吸附作用迅速减弱,这些因素共同导致了台风第2次转向。  相似文献   

康乐气象站迁移前后地温同期观测资料对比分析及订正     

贾小琴  孙玉莲  蔡广珍  马旭洁  马春英 《干旱气象》2014,(5):866-871

为了消除城市化进程对旧站地温的影响,运用数理统计方法对康乐县新旧地面气象观测站2012年1-12月同期0-20 cm地温平均值、方差及相关性进行F、T、t检验,对新旧2站数据差异显著的地温,利用最小二乘法进行最佳线性拟合,建立2站地温订正方程。结果表明：整体而言,新站与旧站0-20 cm地温均存在负温差,旧站地温较新站的偏高,大多数月份差值较小,资料连续性较好,但2站地温差值变幅较大。地温差异显著的1月和10月2站地温资料呈显著线性相关,经订正后的新旧站资料基本重合。  相似文献   

Damage localization of marine risers using time series of vibration signals     

Hao Liu  Hezhen Yang  Fushun Liu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):777-781

Based on dynamic response signals a damage detection algorithm is developed for marine risers. Damage detection methods based on numerous modal properties have encountered issues in the researches in offshore oil community. For example, significant increase in structure mass due to marine plant/animal growth and changes in modal properties by equipment noise are not the result of damage for riser structures. In an attempt to eliminate the need to determine modal parameters, a data-based method is developed. The implementation of the method requires that vibration data are first standardized to remove the influence of different loading conditions and the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model is used to fit vibration response signals. In addition, a damage feature factor is introduced based on the autoregressive (AR) parameters. After that, the Euclidean distance between ARMA models is subtracted as a damage indicator for damage detection and localization and a top tensioned riser simulation model with different damage scenarios is analyzed using the proposed method with dynamic acceleration responses of a marine riser as sensor data. Finally, the influence of measured noise is analyzed. According to the damage localization results, the proposed method provides accurate damage locations of risers and is robust to overcome noise effect.  相似文献   

昌吉站迁站对气象要素影响及热岛强度指标分析     

王金风 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(5):58-62

选取昌吉站旧址1981—2013年（其中1981—2008年为迁站前昌吉站资料,2009—2013年为旧址作为区域站Y5522所采集资料）、新址2009—2013年资料进行对比分析,并对新旧站址资料进行T检验,结果表明：迁站前后,新址与旧址气温、相对湿度、风速变化趋势基本一致,但变化幅度新址较旧址略大。两站气温差冬季变化最为明显,夏季变化最小;平均相对湿度新址较旧址偏高,各季差值在冬季最小;平均风速较旧址偏大0.9 m/s,最多风向新址为西风及西南风,旧址为西风;从年平均值的连续性看,年平均气温、年平均最低气温、年平均相对湿度连续性较差,年平均最高气温与年平均风速连续性相对较好。  相似文献   

How to compare movement? A review of physical movement similarity measures in geographic information science and beyond     

Peter Ranacher  Katerina Tzavella 《制图学和地理信息科学》2014,41(3):286-307

In geographic information science, a plethora of different approaches and methods is used to assess the similarity of movement. Some of these approaches term two moving objects similar if they share akin paths. Others require objects to move at similar speed and yet others consider movement similar if it occurs at the same time. We believe that a structured and comprehensive classification of movement comparison measures is missing. We argue that such a classification not only depicts the status quo of qualitative and quantitative movement analysis, but also allows for identifying those aspects of movement for which similarity measures are scarce or entirely missing.

In this review paper we, first, decompose movement into its spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal movement parameters. A movement parameter is a physical quantity of movement, such as speed, spatial path, or temporal duration. For each of these parameters we then review qualitative and quantitative methods of how to compare movement. Thus, we provide a systematic and comprehensive classification of different movement similarity measures used in geographic information science. This classification is a valuable first step toward a GIS toolbox comprising all relevant movement comparison methods.  相似文献   

The lower limit of the Doppler factor for a Fermi blazar sample     

Jun-Hui Fan  Denis Bastieri  Jiang-He Yang  Yi Liu  Tong-Xu Hua  Yu-Hai Yuan  De-Xiang Wu 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(9)

We selected 457 blazars(193 flat spectrum radio quasars, 61 lowsynchrotron peaked blazars, 69 intermediate-synchrotron peaked blazars and 134high-synchrotron peaked blazars) from the second Fermi-LAT catalog(2FGL) of γ-ray sources, which have X-ray observations. We calculated the lower limits for their Doppler factors, δγ, and compared the lower limits with the available Doppler factors and the apparent superluminal velocities in the literature.  相似文献   

On the Geometry of Broad-Line Regions in BL Lac Objects     

Yun Xu  Xin-Wu Cao Shanghai Astronomical Observatory  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2006,6(6):649-654

The geometry of broad-line regions (BLRs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still controversial. We use a sample of BL Lac objects, of which the black hole masses Mbh are estimated from their host galaxy absolute magnitude at R-band, MR, by using the empirical relation between MR and black hole mass Mbh. The sizes of the broad-line regions for Mgn are derived from the widths of Mgn lines and the black hole masses. Compared with the empirical relation between BLR size RBLR and MgII line luminosity LMgII, it is found the BLR sizes in the BL Lac objects derived in this paper are 2-3 orders of magnitude higher. If the BLR geometry of these sources is disklike, then the viewing angle between the axis and the line of sight is in the range of ~ 2°-15°, which is consistent with the unification scheme.  相似文献   

A rotational light curve for the Kuiper belt object 1997 CV₂₉     

Nicole Chorney 《Icarus》2004,167(1):220-224

We present R- and V-band rotational light curves for classical Kuiper belt object 1997 CV₂₉. The imaging data was obtained from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) archive located at the Canadian Astronomical Data Center (CADC). The data consist of one nights observations of a series of 42, 8 minute exposures in R band followed by 33, 8 minute exposures in V band acquired on the following night. Using relative photometry we determined a highly significant variation in the brightness of 1997 CV₂₉. Using phase-dispersion-minimization we find 8.0, 11.2, and 15.8 hrs to be the most likely, periods of rotation and we argue that the ∼16 hr period is the most likely based on our limited observing window. The phased light curve has a peak-to-peak range of Δm?0.4±0.1 mag suggesting an axial ratio of a/b?1.45.  相似文献