释光技术测定年龄的现况   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

李虎侯 《第四纪研究》1997,17(3):248-257

本文从5个方面评述了释光测年方法的现况。它们是：历史的回顾；陷阱；热释光的定量描述；释光图谱；辐射剂量及其它。文章最后指出了加强对辐射剂量的研究在释光测年中的重要性；用光转换热释光来研究陷阱的性质很有前途；离子注入技术是研究磷光体中杂质的有效工具。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary stratigraphic development in the lower Luni,Mahi and Sabarmati river basins,western India     

M. Jain  S. K. Tandon  S. C. Bhatt 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(3):453-471

This study reviews the Quaternary alluvial stratigraphy in three semi-arid river basins of western India i.e., lower Luni (Rajasthan), and Mahi and Sabarmati (Gujarat alluvial plains). On the basis of OSL chronologies, it is shown that the existing intra-valley lithostratigraphic correlations require a revision. The sand, gravel and mud facies are present during various times in the three basins, however, the fluvial response to climate change, and the resulting facies associations, was different in the Thar desert as compared to that at the desert margin; this makes purely lithostratigraphic correlations unviable. It is further shown that the rivers in the Thar desert were more sensitive to climate change and had small response times and geomorphic thresholds as compared to the desert-margin rivers. This is illustrated during the early OIS 1, when the Luni river in the Thar desert was dynamic and showed frequent variations in fluvial styles such as gravel bedload braided streams, sand-bed ephemeral streams and meandering streams, all followed by incision during the early Holocene. The coeval deposits in Sabarmati, however, only show a meandering, floodplain-dominated river. Late Quaternary alluvial deposits in these basins unconformably overlie some older deposits that lack any absolute chronology. Based on the facies types and their associations, and the composition and architecture of the multistoried gravel sheets in the studied sections, it is suggested that older deposits are of pre-Quaternary age. This hypothesis implies the presence of a large hiatus incorporating much of the Quaternary period in the exposed sections  相似文献   

兰州黄河Ⅱ和Ⅲ级阶地的地层结构、年龄及环境意义   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王萍  蒋汉朝  袁道阳  刘兴旺 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):553-563

通过对兰州段黄河Ⅱ和Ⅲ级阶地剖面的地层岩性、粒度分析和光释光测年等,认为剖面中被普遍界定为河漫滩沉积的一套厚几米至几十米具水平层理的细粒砂土层是以冲、洪积与黄土互层的交互式沉积,其开始沉积的时期与气候进入冰期或冰阶相对应。据此可将兰州段黄河阶地剖面地层划分为三部分,即:河流砂砾石层、加积层与风成黄土层,分析了这一地层结构的发育过程,指出沉积相的识别和划分对于阶地研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

采用光学指向系统建立天马13m望远镜指向模型          下载免费PDF全文

孙正雄  毛银盾  王锦清  罗浩  郑景辉  王广利 《天文学报》2023,64(4):38

描述了采用光学望远镜辅助天马13m射电望远镜进行指向测量以及建立指向误差修正模型的方法. 对于小口径望远镜, 指向校准目标源比较少, 用射电法建立指向模型难以覆盖全天区. 利用上海天文台天马13m射 电望远镜进行光学望远镜辅助射电望远镜指向测量研究, 在13m天线背架上安装一套光学指向系统, 获得了优 于3''的重复测量误差. 此外, 通过对影响天线指向因素的分析, 建立了包含8个误差项的指向误差修正模型以及 光轴和电轴偏差模型. 将指向模型代入天线伺服控制系统, 对校准目标射电源进行十字扫描, 得到指向样本残差约 为5''. 该研究可以为实现高精度指向建模提供一种参考方法.  相似文献   

古湖岸堤沉积物石英光释光测年研究:以中国东北兴凯湖为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高磊  隆浩  沈吉  汪勇  王建 《湖泊科学》2014,26(5):651-660

古湖岸堤是湖面波动的地貌证据,可以用来重建古湖泊演化.古湖岸堤沉积物的准确测年是应用此地貌学证据重建湖泊演化的关键.以我国兴凯湖最低一级湖岸堤——大湖岗为研究对象,采用石英小片技术,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR)对大湖岗2个不同位置的剖面风成砂质沉积物(共13个样品)进行了光释光(OSL)测年.样品石英组分的光释光衰减曲线特征表明,样品的释光信号以快组分为主,预热坪和实验室剂量恢复实验结果表明,SAR法可以用来测量兴凯湖古湖岸堤样品的等效剂量.通过分析样品等效剂量分布情况和比较3种年龄模型(平均值模型、中值模型和最小值模型),认为大湖岗湖滨砂质沉积物在沉积埋藏前石英光释光信号晒退完全,获得的OSL年龄是可信的.年代结果表明,大湖岗采自不同位置的2个剖面的年代范围一致,且各个剖面中所有年代均随地层顺序变化;另外,2个样品的OSL年龄与同层位的炭屑样品的14C年代结果在误差范围内一致,进一步表明OSL测年技术可以获得可靠的兴凯湖岸堤沉积物的年龄.尽管与前人使用热释光(TL)测年方法研究大湖岗形成年代有较大差别,本文认为兴凯湖最低一级古湖岸堤——大湖岗形成于距今约1.24-0.50 ka.  相似文献   

Is there evidence for global‐scale forcing of Southern Hemisphere Quaternary desert dune accumulation? A quantitative method for testing hypotheses of dune system development          下载免费PDF全文

David S.G. Thomas  Richard M. Bailey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(14):2280-2294

Luminescence dating of desert dune sediments has generated many hundreds of ages, many used in reconstructions of Quaternary environmental changes, others in attempts to elucidate dune processes. Environmental and climatic interpretations of these records have proved problematic and it remains challenging to test hypotheses of the systematic response of dunefields to changes in external forcing in the past and to make predictions of the future. We use a method that quantifies dune sediment accumulation to interpret dune luminescence age datasets, rather than simply using the ages themselves as proxies of change. The Accumulation Intensity method allows periods of dune sediment accumulation, here over the timescale 10²–10⁵ years, to be identified from compilations of dated sand sea stratigraphic sequences. We apply this approach to two of the largest dune age datasets, from southern Africa and Australia, testing whether or not dunefield accumulation has co‐varied in the Late Quaternary and whether systematic relationships to external drivers at global, hemispheric, regional and local scales can be identified. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世湖相地层石英和钾长石释光测年对比     

冯玉静  隆浩  黄银洲  王洪娇  王乃昂  高磊  沈吉 《湖泊科学》2015,27(3):535-547

采集来自毛乌素沙地东南缘巴图湾、大沟湾和三岔河等3处典型湖相地层出露点的3个样品,分别提取石英和钾长石矿物组分,采用小片技术(样品直径2 mm)进行释光年代测试,并将两种矿物年代结果进行对比研究.应用单片再生剂量(SAR)流程测试了石英样品的等效剂量(预热温度选为260℃).剂量恢复实验和光释光特性显示,SAR流程测试条件选择合适,样品沉积前光释光信号晒退完全,说明石英年代结果可靠.另外,应用两步红外激发(激发温度分别为50℃和150℃)的单片再生剂量流程(post-infrared infrared-stimulated luminescence,简写为p IRIR流程)测试钾长石样品的等效剂量,剂量恢复实验和释光特性等各项检验均符合要求,剩余剂量在-0.2~0.026 Gy之间,可忽略不计.钾长石的p IRIR150信号异常衰减速率为0.55~1.71(%/decade),因造成的误差较小,故无需对年代结果进行校正.3处湖相地层的石英年代分别为11.3±0.9、6.5±0.6、2.7±0.2 ka BP,钾长石p IRIR150年代分别为10.0±0.7、6.9±0.5、2.4±0.2 ka BP,两者在误差范围内一致,说明毛乌素沙地东南缘的全新世湖相沉积物适合用钾长石p IRIR150流程进行释光测年.本研究为毛乌素沙地部分样品因石英信号较弱而无法测年问题提供了解决办法,也为该区域全新世,尤其是历史时期(近2000年)以来的环境变化研究提供了年代学支撑.  相似文献   

Holocene Dune Activity in the Thar Desert,India     

Aayush Srivastava  David S.G. Thomas  Julie A. Durcan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(7):1407-1418

The Thar Desert dune system in north-west India and eastern Pakistan provides a rich archive of past environmental, geomorphological and climatic change. Much of the knowledge about the timing of dune accumulation in the Thar stems from scattered and sporadic records, based on older luminescence dating protocols. If the Thar dune record is to be incorporated within a growing multiproxy framework of past climate and environmental dynamics, it is necessary to generate a systematic record of the timing of dunefield accumulation. From this, relationships to climate and other drivers of dune activity may then be better established. To this end, an intensive programme of field sampling and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was carried out from a dunefield in the east-central Thar Desert. This study presents the first detailed Holocene dune accumulation history from the region, and sheds light on the development of the multi-generational parabolic dune systems. In contrast to previously published work, we identify the importance of the Holocene and the last millennium as periods with a number of preserved accumulation phases. OSL ages suggest that accumulation was persistent during the early and mid-Holocene (within 11.7-5.5 ka), late Holocene (2-1 ka), as well as two major phases in the last millennium (600 – 200 a and within the last 70 a). Potential drivers of dune mobility in the last century include a strong anthropogenic dimension. Rapid net accumulation is recorded in the last 70 years, with rates varying between 2 and 5 m/year, in an environment where agricultural pressures have increased dramatically with the advent of irrigation schemes expanding into dunefield areas. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Bioturbation and erosion rates along the soil-hillslope conveyor belt,part 1: Insights from single-grain feldspar luminescence     

Andrea Román-Sánchez  Tony Reimann  Jakob Wallinga  Tom Vanwalleghem 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(10):2051-2065

The interplay of bioturbation, soil production and long-term erosion–deposition in soil and landscape co-evolution is poorly understood. Single-grain post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (post-IR IRSL) measurements on sand-sized grains of feldspar from the soil matrix can provide direct information on all three processes. To explore the potential of this novel method, we propose a conceptual model of how post-IR IRSL-derived burial age and fraction of surface-visiting grains change with soil depth and along a hillslope catena. We then tested this conceptual model by comparison with post-IR IRSL results for 15 samples taken at different depths within four soil profiles along a hillslope catena in the Santa Clotilde Critical Zone Observatory (southern Spain). In our work, we observed clear differences in apparent post-IR IRSL burial age distributions with depth along the catena, with younger ages and more linear age–depth structure for the hill-base profile, indicating the influence of lateral deposition processes. We noted shallower soils and truncated burial age–depth functions for the two erosional mid-slope profiles, and an exponential decline of burial age with depth for the hill-top profile. We suggest that the downslope increase in the fraction of surface-visiting grains at intermediate depths (20 cm) indicates creep to be the dominant erosion process. Our study demonstrates that single-grain feldspar luminescence signature-depth profiles provide a new way of tracing vertical and lateral soil mixing and transport processes. In addition, we propose a new objective luminescence-based criterion for mapping the soil-bedrock boundary, thus producing soil depths in better agreement with geomorphological process considerations. Our work highlights the possibilities of feldspar single grain techniques to provide quantitative insights into soil production, bioturbation and erosion–deposition. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

Relic permafrost structures in the Gobi of Mongolia: age and significance     

Lewis A. Owen  Ben Richards  Edward J. Rhodes  W. Dickson Cunningham  Brian F. Windley  J. Badamgarav  D. Dorjnamjaa 《第四纪科学杂志》1998,13(6):539-547

Relict permafrost structures (ice-wedge casts and cryoturbation structures) are present in the Gobi of southern Mongolia. Luminescence dates of sediments are presented to constrain the age of formation of permafrost structures. These data show that there was a phase of permafrost development during the latter part of the Last Glacial (after about 22 to 15 ka) that resulted in cryoturbated sediments and ice-wedge casts. Furthermore, permafrost degradation occurred during late Pleistocene times (13–10 ka) and was absent during the early Holocene. These permafrost structures mark the southernmost evidence of permafrost in northern Asia during late Quaternary times and indicate that the mean annual air temperature was below approximately −6°C during their formation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献