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91.
UWEM E ITE 《The Geographical journal》2005,171(3):209-222
This paper contributes to wider debates on the dominant factors determining the emergence and sustainability of intermediate systems of forest management in developing countries. The theoretical framework and propositions for analysing tree integration in homestead farms are presented, with reference to southeast Nigeria. The paper argues that, first, at the household level, livelihood strategies constitute the main determinant of the decision to integrate trees in homestead farms. Secondly, induced innovation has a wider and more significant role at the community level than at the household level in encouraging the integration of trees in farms. Thirdly, the sustainability of observed patterns of tree integration is influenced by the interaction of environmental, ecological, political, economic and social factors. Based on these propositions, the paper analyses the internal (household) and external (wider community) factors influencing tree integration in homestead farms in southeast Nigeria. 相似文献
92.
Negotiating Expectations in the Field: Gatekeepers, Research Fatigue and Cultural Biases 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jennifer L. Mandel 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(2):198-210
This paper considers disjunctures between my expectations and experience of doing dissertation fieldwork, which I conducted in Benin between the autumns of 1997 and 1998. The research examined the nature of women's livelihood strategies and their associated outcomes in terms of material well‐being. I now believe that my feminist worldview, and my growing exhaustion as the project progressed, resulted in my minimising the importance of key aspects of fieldwork in an African context. Specifically, I downplayed the importance of negotiating with male “gatekeepers” in gaining access to the women with whom I wanted to work. While most of the time I was able to manage this well enough, one day, in particular, stands out as a time when I handled these negotiations very poorly. This paper compares the experiences of that day with another much more productive and fruitful one to examine how and why expectations and experience can diverge. A consideration of some of the issues that resulted in the “lost day” might prove instructive for other researchers. 相似文献
93.
Suriati Ghazali 《Area》2003,35(2):183-194
The importance of social capital in both rural and urban communities is an often-published topic. By representing the operation of social capital networks, this paper explores the persistence of informal rotating credit in the livelihoods of low-income, urban households in Penang, Malaysia. It highlights the function of such credit and the ways in which it benefits poor women and their households. This paper suggests that informal credit reduces the probability of being poor, and the returns to household investment in social capital are higher for the poor than for the population at large. The downside of such social capital is also discussed. The paper concludes that informal credit is enhanced in the urban settings due to the increase in income opportunities, especially for women. 相似文献
94.
在构建减船转产背景下沿海渔户生计脆弱性理论分析框架的基础上,以浙江省舟山市转产渔户为研究对象,应用模糊综合评价法比较分析了不同生计方式、不同转产时期下转产渔户生计脆弱性的变化,并实证检验了影响转产渔户生计脆弱性变化的具体因素。研究表明：① 虽然转产后的渔户生计暴露性水平下降,但生计敏感性程度提高且适应能力出现显著下降,最终使转产渔户的生计脆弱性水平上升,总体生计状态表现出恶化趋势;② 不同生计方式下的转产渔户生计脆弱性变化存在差异,其中转产后从事休闲渔业的渔户生计脆弱性水平下降,其余4种生计方式下的转产渔户生计脆弱性水平均有所上升;③ 2个不同转产时期下的渔户生计脆弱性水平均上升,但2015年以前转产的渔户生计脆弱性水平增加幅度更小;④ 受教育程度、减船转产补贴、转产转业时间以及是否参加过转产技能培训对生计脆弱性变化具有显著的负向影响,其中减船转产补贴对生计脆弱性变化的影响最小。 相似文献
95.
Migrant labor is a global phenomenon and remittances of migrant workers from non-industrial nations can play an important role in improving quality of life at family, community, and national levels. We focus on workers from Guatemala who obtain visas from the United States (US) Department of Immigration’s H-2B program that allow them to spend six or seven months a year planting and maintaining pine plantations in the southeastern US. Forestry is economically important in this region and the industry has come to depend on migrant labor. Our specific interest is how the H-2B program affects livelihood strategies of these workers, their families, and their communities. Based on primary data from 49 interviews conducted in eight Guatemalan communities, we explain motivations to engage in seasonal migration and positive changes brought about by the H-2B program in nutrition, housing, healthcare and long-term investments in agricultural lands, microenterprise development, education, and family stability. 相似文献
96.
东北地区可持续生计安全时空分异格局及障碍因子诊断 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着“新东北现象”的出现,东北地区转型与可持续发展问题突显,可持续生计安全亟待提升。以2003~2015年东北地区37个地级市为例,基于可持续生计安全框架构建可持续生计安全评价体系,采用灰色关联TOPSIS模型对东北地区可持续生计安全进行综合测度,并运用空间自相关、地理探测器和障碍度模型等方法探讨其时空格局演变规律、空间分异成因和障碍因素。结果表明：① 东北地区可持续生计安全指数总体偏低,整体上空间分异特征明显,但随时间推移,区域间差异逐渐缩小。② 空间集聚性特征显著,热点区和次热点区分布主要呈现哈长地区和沈大沿线地区两大组团,次冷点区和冷点区呈边缘式分布于内蒙古东部、黑龙江北部、吉林南部等经济落后地区。③ 工业化水平、经济总量、工资收入、二氧化硫排放强度和投资强度等是影响东北地区可持续生计安全的主要因素。④ 资源环境支撑力和经济生产力是制约东北地区可持续生计安全提升的两大短板;空间阻力模式以“经济效率>生态安全>社会公平”类型占主导。最后,提出应将政策与制度因素纳入可持续生计安全框架。 相似文献
97.
生计脆弱性研究热点与前沿的可视化 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以Web of science核心数据库中1991~2015年间收录主题为“livelihood vulnerability”的文献为基础,应用可视化分析软件CiteSpace Ⅲ,采取关键词共现分析、文献共被引分析、突现词分析等方法对生计脆弱性研究现状进行可视化分析。研究发现：① 生计脆弱性研究文献呈现逐年上升趋势,主要分布在生态、环境和管理等学科领域;美、英、澳、加、德5国及东英格兰大学、哥本哈根大学、麦吉尔大学、利兹大学、萨塞克斯大学等研究机构具有较强的研究实力。② Ellis F、Smit B、Adger W N、Kelly P M、Davies S和Turner B L等学者及其代表作是生计脆弱性研究的知识基础。③ 饥荒、社会生态系统、生计策略、贫困、减贫等是生计脆弱性的研究热点与前沿领域。 相似文献
98.
1 Introduction Driven by interactions of climate change, policy introduction, population pressure and overstocking, many fragile ecotones on the Tibetan Plateau have undergone fast land cover changes, such as deforestation, meadow degeneration or even des… 相似文献
99.
生计资产差异对农户耕地保护补偿模式选择的影响——渝西方山丘陵不同地带样点村的实证分析 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
耕地比较效益低下引致耕地保护经济补偿成为破解耕地保护问题的客观选择,而影响经济补偿成败的关键因素之一在于补偿模式设计是否符合农户诉求,因此定量刻画农户生计资产差异对其补偿模式选择的影响便是补偿模式设计的核心.运用参与式农村评价法(PRA)对渝西方山丘陵3 个样点村392 户农户进行了实地调查,构建了农户生计资产六边形计量分析框架,运用灰色关联分析模型和Probit 回归分析法对农户生计资产差异与补偿模式选择意愿间耦合关系的存在性和影响度进行了分析,并设计了差别化耕地保护经济补偿模式.研究结果表明：① 农户生计资产存在属性差异和空间分异.农户生计总资产呈现由自给型纯农户到非农户递增的总体趋势,空间上存在海拔越高生计资产越低的趋势.② 农户对耕地保护经济补偿模式的选择意愿存在随农户生计资产差异由“成都模式”向“佛山模式”过渡的趋势,不同地带农户模式选择意愿存在空间分异.③ 农户生计资产差异与耕地保护补偿模式选择间存在耦合关系,自然资产与农户模式选择意愿呈负相关,社会资产对农户的模式选择影响最小,金融资产对农户模式选择的影响较弱,人力资产和物质资产对农户决策均产生较显著影响,心理资产对农户的决策影响最为显著.④ 根据农户生计资产缺乏情况为7 种类型农户设计了概念性的补偿模式体系,并就补偿方法、补偿依据、补偿标准和补偿资金来源问题进行了探讨. 相似文献
100.
AbdouMaliq Simone 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(2):186-204
Phnom Penh, 're-entering' urban history as it did just some three decades ago becomes an important arena in which to focus on the intensifying contestation of rights, practices and development trajectories related to city making. Far from being comprehensively marginalized by emerging urban economies, residents with limited economic means, through their configurations of space, social relations and infrastructure continuously attempt to construct the conditions that enable the city to act as a flexible resource for the viable organization of their everyday lives. These issues are taken up in an analysis of some of the ways in which residents of a large low income housing tract, popularly dubbed 'Building', in the Bassac River neighbourhood collaborate to maximize their access to resources and opportunity. 相似文献