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101.
生计资本对农户参与耕地保护意愿的影响——以成都市永安镇、金桥镇, 崇州市江源镇为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
耕地效益比较低下导致兼业农户数量增多, 生计资本发生转变. 农户作为耕地的直接使用者, 生计资本转变不仅带动农村社会经济的发展, 更影响农户参与耕地保护的意愿. 以最早实行耕地保护政策的四川省成都市永安镇、金桥镇和崇州市江源镇为例, 构建农户生计资本与耕地保护参与意愿的结构方程模型, 定量刻画生计资本对于农户参与耕地保护意愿的影响. 结果表明: 生计资本对于农户参与耕地保护的意愿具有显著影响, 其中, 自然资本对耕地保护意愿的正向影响最显著, 高于社会资本; 物质资本对耕地保护意愿的负向影响最显著, 高于金融资本和人力资本. 生计资本中自然资本和社会资本每增加一个单位, 农户耕地保护意愿将提高0.071和0.011个单位; 物质资本、金融资本和人力资本每增加一个单位, 农户耕地保护意愿对应减少1.231个单位、1.030个单位和0.232个单位. 所以, 生计资本差异会直接影响农户参与耕地保护的意愿. 政府应从不同生计资本农户的诉求出发, 寻找农户经济利益与参与耕地保护政策的切合点, 根据农户不同生计资本情况制定相应的补偿政策和扶持策略, 从根本上激发农户参与耕地保护的积极性, 确保耕地保护政策实施的持续性和有效性. 相似文献
102.
陕南秦巴山区可持续生计安全评价及其鲁棒性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
可持续生计安全强调以生态—经济—社会的综合视角来评价欠发达地区的可持续性问题。目前,可持续生计安全分析框架存在权重方法单一和计算结果具有不确定性的问题。选取陕南28个区县,以2005-2014年为时序,运用层次分析法、热点分析和鲁棒性分析分别确定指标权重,定量分析可持续生计安全动力机制和空间聚集性,检验可持续生计安全指数不确定性。结果表明：① 陕南可持续生计安全指数年际差异显著,并逐年增大,其中汉中市差异最为明显,极值均在该市;② 生态安全、经济效益和社会公平综合影响可持续生计安全,影响程度由高到低依次为生态安全>经济效益>社会公平;③ 可持续生计安全整体空间格局表现出“热—冷—热—冷”依次交替的特征,且其发展态势在空间分布上呈现出一定的稳定性,具有明显的地理集中现象;④ 可持续安全指数排名出现频率—变化范围矩阵对角线颜色较深,整体排名出现频率较高,具有较强的鲁棒性,说明可持续生计安全指数及排名稳健性与可信度较高。该研究引入可持续生计安全,可为可持续性评价提供理论方法参考和实践应用借鉴,为欠发达地区可持续发展政策提供科学依据。 相似文献
103.
The possible changes of extreme climates over China under 1.5 ℃ global warming scenario were investigated by using the output of CORDEX (COordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment) experiments with a regional air-sea coupled model FROALS over East Asia domain. Results indicated that compared to the baseline period of 1986-2005, warm events would significantly increase while cold events would significantly decrease over China in a 1.5 ℃ warmer world. The risks of extreme and moderate warm events would be 2.14 and 1.93 times of that in the baseline period, respectively. The risks of extreme and moderate cold events would be 0.58 and 0.63 times of that in the baseline period, respectively. Compared to other sub-regions, the increasing amplitude of extreme warm events would be higher in North China, while the decreasing amplitude of extreme cold events would be higher in Northeast China. Risks of extreme dry events would increase in Northwest China, Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China (1.13, 1.02 and 1.22 times of that in baseline period). Precipitation intensity and extreme wet events would increase significantly over most parts of China, and the increasing amplitudes extreme wet events will be higher in North China and South China (1.88 and 1.85 times of that in the baseline period). Days when people may feel uncomfortable would increase significantly in eastern China, and compared to simple extreme warm events, the increasing amplitude of extreme uncomfortable days would be larger. The absolute changes of heating degree-days would be larger than that of cooling degree-days (-258℃·d and 72℃·d, respectively) in eastern China, but the relative change of heating degree-days would be smaller than cooling degree-days (-10% and 82%, respectively). 相似文献
104.
Livelihood diversification of farmers and nomads of eastern transect in Tibetan Plateau 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Livelihoods of farmers and nomads in Tibetan Plateau are severely affected by grassland and herbal resources degeneration.
How to help them achieve livelihood diversification is a key sustainable development issue. This paper examines livelihood
assets, livelihood diversification level and livelihood strategies of farmers and nomads in 3 regions of eastern transect
in Tibetan Plateau. The results show that livelihood diversification is a popular strategy. From high mountain gorge region
to mountain plateau region and plateau region, livelihood diversification level is reduced, and livelihood activities and
proportion of extended livelihood also decrease. Livelihood assets and livelihood diversification level decrease with the
increase of elevation, mainly shown in human assets and natural assets. Livelihood diversification level is highly correlative
with livelihood assets, mainly shown in natural assets, human assets and social assets. Livelihood improvement strategies
of farmers and nomads are still based on existing livelihood assets, mainly raising livestock and digging herbs, and less
farmers and nomads consider off-farm employment or doing business. Nomads in plateau region should learn much from experiences
of extended livelihoods of people in high mountain gorge region and mountain plateau region. Therefore, aids of governments
should focus on relieving restricted factors of livelihood diversification and help them improve their abilities to build
up extended type livelihoods. 相似文献
105.
Livelihoods of farmers and nomads in Tibetan Plateau are severely affected by grassland and herbal resources degeneration. How to help them achieve livelihood diversification is a key sustainable development issue. This paper examines livelihood assets, livelihood diversification level and livelihood strategies of farmers and nomads in 3 regions of eastern transect in Tibetan Plateau. The results show that livelihood diversification is a popular strategy. From high mountain gorge region to mountain plateau region and plateau region, livelihood diversification level is reduced, and livelihood activities and proportion of extended livelihood also decrease. Livelihood assets and livelihood diversification level decrease with the increase of elevation, mainly shown in human assets and natural assets. Livelihood diversification level is highly correlative with livelihood assets, mainly shown in natural assets, human assets and social assets. Livelihood improvement strategies of farmers and nomads are still based on existing livelihood assets, mainly raising livestock and digging herbs, and less farmers and nomads consider off-farm employment or doing business. Nomads in plateau region should learn much from experiences of extended livelihoods of people in high mountain gorge region and mountain plateau region. Therefore, aids of governments should focus on relieving restricted factors of livelihood diversification and help them improve their abilities to build up extended type livelihoods. 相似文献
106.
农民增收是体现不同发展阶段农户生计适应性与自我可持续发展能力的关键指标。本文采用库兹涅茨曲线模型分析了1995—2015年中国农民增收与经济发展水平的耦合关系,发现了农户生计对经济发展的响应呈现显著的时空差异性特征。2009年成为中国农民人均纯收入增长率开始降低的拐点。中、西部地区由于发展相对落后,农民增收难问题早在2005年就已显现,东部地区在2012年开始出现农民增收难问题。城镇化发展、地区科技投入均有助于农民持续增收,而农民受教育程度普遍较低,制约了其提高生计水平和获取稳定收入的能力。应着力推进村镇化发展与乡村转型,提高农民受教育水平,为农民自我发展创造机会与平台,提升其生计水平与应对外界发展环境变化的能力。 相似文献
107.
基于秦巴山商洛地区农户问卷调查数据,在可持续生计框架下,聚焦不同群体之间生计资本状况,并探讨其农户生计资本对生计策略选择的影响以及生计资本的耦合性。结果表明：（1） 山区农户生计策略出现明显分化,依据非农收入比重分为纯务工型、务工主导型、兼业型和纯农型4种类型。（2） 调研样本中农户生计资本有限和不均衡,呈现金融资本和社会资本相对较高,自然资本、人力资本偏低的特征。非贫困户中兼业型生计资本总值最高,务工主导型、纯务工型次之,纯农型最低;贫困户中务工主导型生计资本总值最高,纯务工型、兼业型次之,纯农型最低。（3） 非贫困户中人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、耕地质量、职业技能水平、政治资源、就业网络对纯务工型农户向务工主导型、兼业型转变有着积极影响,家庭人均收入、男性劳动力比例则具有负向影响;家庭人均收入和职业技能水平对于纯务工型向纯农型转变有负向影响。贫困户中人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、政治资源对纯务工型农户向务工主导型、兼业型和纯农型转变具有正向影响,家庭人均收入、劳动力教育水平、职业技能水平、联系成本则具有负向影响。（4） 非贫困农户生计资本耦合度依次为兼业型＞务工主导型＞纯务工型＞纯农型;贫困农户则为兼业型＞纯务工型＞务工主导型＞纯农型。因此,开展农户可持续性生计研究,对于农户减贫、促进乡村地区发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
108.
基于生计资产量化的农户分化研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区白林村471户农户为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
农户生计资产的配置结构及其空间分布特征决定着农户生计发展的资源优势和空间可能性,依据农户生计资产结构可以准确地识别其分化情景。研究采用"PRA+3S"相结合的方法,以地理坐标为标识码,建立农户属性与地块空间数据相链接的"农户-土地"数据库,对农户生计资产配置结构、农户类型划分、农户空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)农户生计资产配置结构差异明显,113户农户自然资产产值高于平均值,趋于发展农业生产;108户农户各项资产处于平均水平,主要向兼业发展;250户农户自然资产小于0.1,趋于发展非农生产;(2)依据农户生计发展趋势将其划分为农业多样化发展型(16%)、农业专业化发展型(8%)、兼业化发展型(23%)、非农多样化发展型(31%)、非农专业化发展型(22%)。 相似文献
109.
为应对国际环境的复杂性和不确定性,生计恢复力研究成为群体或个人应对外界干扰、减少贫困和提高适应能力的有效方法。通过梳理国内外相关研究成果,总结了生计恢复力的概念、分析框架与评价方法研究进展,揭示了其对推动生计恢复力创新研究的重要启示。研究发现:国内外学者在生计恢复力的概念上已达成初步共识,但生计恢复力分析框架缺乏普适性,研究方法和技术缺乏深度融合,研究对象的范围有待拓展。今后应加强生计恢复力理论方法研究,构建国内生计恢复力研究的一般范式;开展空间技术应用与个体福祉研究,拓宽生计恢复力评价内容和方法;加强分析多重干扰下生计恢复力动态演化机制,深化生计恢复力适应性管理综合研究,非农个体生计恢复力(尤其是旅游生计恢复力)的研究是拓宽生计恢复力理论研究和服务全球可持续发展需求的重点领域。 相似文献
110.
开发区在中国城市与区域发展中作为经济活动和流动人口的聚集区域发挥着重要作用。基于对南沙新区流动人口的问卷调查与访谈,从生计空间的角度测量流动人口的生计资本,分析其生计空间特征,并与当地居民进行比较。研究发现,流动人口在开发区的生计空间存在延伸或压缩。其中,经济空间得到了延伸,制度空间、社交空间、公共服务空间、居住空间等存在不同程度的压缩。经济空间的扩张是吸引流动人口在开发区就业的主要因素,但其余空间的压缩和经济空间的有限延伸使流动人口在进入后缓慢外迁。因此,改善开发区流动人口的生计空间,对于提升城市工业工人的生活条件,制定城市一体化发展战略,促进城市社会空间整体提升具有重要意义。 相似文献