Geography and the pragmatic tradition: The threefold engagement     

Leslie W. Hepple 《Geoforum》2008,39(4):1530-1541

Geography has had only limited interchange with the American philosophical tradition of pragmatism. This paper claims that a closer engagement with pragmatism has much to offer to geography, not least in providing an arena within which very different types of geographical inquiry - qualitative and quantitative, human and physical - may find some common ground for useful conversation and debate. However, this will only be fully achieved if geography embarks on a threefold engagement with pragmatism: (1) studies that develop and deploy specific pragmatist ideas and concepts within particular geographical research; (2) studies that attempt to relate geographical research to the wider arena of the pragmatic tradition; (3) historical examination of early links between pragmatism, social science and geography. The history and contemporary revival of pragmatism is described, together with its impacts on social theory and social science. The existing literature on geographical engagement with pragmatism is then examined, and it is argued that there is a much broader relevance within both human and physical geography, not linked to particular styles of research. The question of the history of earlier influences of pragmatism on American geography is then raised, and some linkages charted. The philosopher Hilary Putnam has used the term ‘pragmatist enlightenment’ to describe what he sees as the promise of pragmatism, and the paper concludes by suggesting that this also promises an exciting and fruitful engagement for geography.  相似文献   

Human geography and its relationship to GIS: a perspective from the vantage point of GIS     

Michael F. Poulsen 《The Australian geographer》1994,25(2):170-177

Concern abounds over what is a never ending sequence of paradigm shifts within human geography. One result is the marginalisation of previous work. Considerable concern has been expressed among those working with geographical information systems (GIS) over the relationship of this area of work to human geography. Behind much of this turmoil is the ascendancy of post‐modernism, an approach with which many human geographers are unable to actively engage in debate. At a time when the other social sciences are incorporating space into their research, human geography and GIS are parting company with the two facing very different futures.  相似文献   

城市综合承载力的研究进展及展望   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

石忆邵  尹昌应  王贺封  谭文垦 《地理研究》2013,32(1):133-145

承载力研究范畴经历了非人类生物种群承载力、人口承载力、资源承载力、环境承载力、生态承载力、经济承载力、文化承载力、社会承载力等概念内涵的演进过程,呈现出从生物种群承载力扩展到“耕地-食物-人口”承载力、从单要素制约承载力发展到多要素制约的系统承载力、从单纯基于自然资源禀赋的承载力研究延伸到涵盖自然资源禀赋和人类发展需求的综合承载力、从单个城市承载力扩展到区域城市群综合承载力研究等演变特征。但另一方面,也不时发出“建议废弃承载力研究”的反对之声。本文指出:城市综合承载力不是一个伪命题,在一定时空条件及资源禀赋和环境容量约束下,城市承载力阈值是客观存在的。并就城市综合承载力的评价理念、限制性因素的辨识、评价方法、空间分类分级评价等学术问题展开讨论;提出并运用"状态指数"法来辨识城市综合承载力的主要限制性因素。最后,对未来的进一步深化研究进行了展望,旨在为相关研究提供启迪和参考。  相似文献   

某工程长短桩组合桩基础设计方案分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨敏  杨桦  王伟  黄上进 《岩土力学》2005,26(Z1):218-222

针对土层中存在上下两层或多层可供利用的桩端持力层,且建筑物对沉降要求较高的情况,基于减沉桩原理,根据长桩控制变形、短桩提供承载力的基本思路,提出长短桩组合桩基础设计思想。结合某一实际工程桩基设计,采用长短桩组合桩基础方案进行了三维有限元分析。结果表明,长短桩组合桩基础不仅可以大量减少长桩用量,而且可有效地控制基础整体沉降和差异沉降,显示了其良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

中国古代有机论自然观的地学哲学探迹索隐     

彭玉鲸 《吉林地质》2000,19(2):104-112

17世纪的科学革命是对古希腊哲学的回归.当代的科学革命则将是对东方古典哲学的回归.创建具有中国特色的有机论辩证唯物主义地学哲学,应该并必须从我国古代有机论自然观中吸取丰富的营养.这不仅可填补地学哲学史学研究的空白,对地学哲学的学科建设亦有新的重要启迪.天地生整体生成演进论、天地生层次功能论、天地生自相似论等的探讨,有利于新的宇宙观和地球观的树立.也将大大丰富地学哲学的科学概念,更能充分地武装地学哲学学科的理论体系.  相似文献   

多样vs.分裂:论中国人文地理学发展的多元性及其挑战   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王丰龙  刘云刚 《地理科学》2019,39(1):22-30

从哲学、理论、方法和实践4个方面梳理了中国人文地理学内部的多元性,并区分了这些多元性的性质,即哪些是缺乏交流和整合的“散见”、哪些是需要统一和弥合的“歧见”、哪些是认识局限导致的“偏见”。据此建议加强中国人文地理学研究的问题意识和原创性理论研究;减少对“主义”的过度推崇和对方法的盲目崇拜;加强定性方法和定量方法的交流及论证过程的严谨性;在政策取向上取得“求真”和“务实”的平衡;提高学科发展的自信和对不同研究视角的包容。此外,应该在研究选题、杂志建设和奖项设置等操作层面推动人文地理学的理论整合。  相似文献   

关于测量中可靠性理论的哲学思想     

张正禄  张松林 《测绘科学》2012,37(3):54-55

本文从可靠性理论出发,阐述了可靠性与精度以及权的关系,由测量上的可靠性,上升到哲学上的可靠性。指出:可靠性的哲学意义是:在一个社会系统中,一个人的可靠性与他的权成反比,权越大,其可靠性越低,却是不可缺少的;权越小,越可靠,虽然如此,但宜除去不用。  相似文献   

Optics and the nature of light illustrated in the rare book collection of the Astronomy Library in Vienna     

I. Müller  F. Kerschbaum 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):540-543

The Astronomy Library in Vienna has a significant collection of rare books, consisting of more than 500 titles dating from the end of the 15th to the 18th century. Since the collection was to be the basis of research and of teaching, the books represent a variety of scientific topics that have been of interest at that time. Thus the rare book collection of the Astronomy Library in Vienna also offers the opportunity for scientific historical research. In the following, certain aspects on the development of the telescope and of optics in general will be illustrated (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

The short history of infrared space telescopes     

D. Lemke 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):562-567

While astronomical telescopes developed rather slowly over the last four centuries, infrared telescopes made a fast career in only four decades from high mountains to aircraft, balloons and satellites. They cover the huge wavelength region from 1 to 350 μ m and have uncovered the cold and dust hidden universe. While until today all infrared space telescopes had diameters of <1 m, cooled infrared observatories with 3.5 to 6.5m mirrors will be sent into heliocentric orbits at L2 within the next few years (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Venus 1882 and Jean‐Charles Houzeau     

C. Sterken 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):582-585

This paper focuses on one particular type of telescope – the heliometer – designed for solving one specific basic problem in astronomy: the scale factor of the solar system. One very special instrument of this type was the “heliometer with unequal focal lengths” designed by the Belgian astronomer Jean‐Charles Houzeau for the 1882 transit of Venus. We also draw attention to the most interesting personality of Houzeau, and to his social engagement that went much beyond his work as a scientist (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献