Spatial distribution of upstream magnetospheric ≥50 keV ions     

G. C. Anagnostopoulos  G. Argyropoulos  G. Kaliabetsos 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,18(1):42-46

We present for the first time a statistical study of 50 keV ion events of a magnetospheric origin upstream from Earths bow shock. The statistical analysis of the 50–220 keV ion events observed by the IMP-8 spacecraft shows: (1) a dawn-dusk asymmetry in ion distributions, with most events and lower intensities upstream from the quasi-parallel pre-dawn side (4 LT-6 LT) of the bow shock, (2) highest ion fluxes upstream from the nose/dusk side of the bow shock under an almost radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) configuration, and (3) a positive correlation of the ion intensities with the solar wind speed and the index of geomagnetic index Kp, with an average solar wind speed as high as 620 km s^–1 and values of the index Kp 2. The statistical results are consistent with (1) preferential leakage of 50 keV magnetospheric ions from the dusk magnetopause, (2) nearly scatter free motion of 50 keV ions within the magnetosheath, and (3) final escape of magnetospheric ions from the quasi-parallel dawn side of the bow shock. An additional statistical analysis of higher energy (290–500 keV) upstream ion events also shows a dawn-dusk asymmetry in the occurrence frequency of these events, with the occurrence frequency ranging between 16%-34% in the upstream region.  相似文献   

平流层和中层大气研究的进展   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  

吕达仁  陈洪滨 《大气科学》2003,27(4):750-769

平流层和中层大气研究是20世纪70年代以来持续得到大气科学界和日地物理界共同关注的研究前沿.中国科学界在文化大革命结束后立即抓住这一前沿作为发展重点之一.20多年来,中国科学院大气物理研究所等单位较为系统地开展了这一方向的研究,并在一些方面进行了前沿性的工作.作者着重介绍以下几方面的进展:(1)平流层和中层大气探测设施与探测方法;(2)大气臭氧、平流层气溶胶的监测与分析;(3)行星波在中层大气环流与大气臭氧分布中的作用;(4)重力波在中层大气的传播特征与作用;(5)平流层-对流层交换的动力物理与化学问题.  相似文献   

木星土星边缘的椭圆拟合     

彭青玉 《天文研究与技术》2003,(4):43-48

将CCD观测的木星或土星光环图像二值化,再用"四邻点模板"检测获得二值图像的边缘,最后用椭圆方程迭代拟合边缘,可以获得行星几何中心的位置。这被证明是一种高精度的位置测量方法[1,2]。本文给出了用椭圆拟合检测边缘的全部公式及有关说明。  相似文献   

Stochasticity of planetary orbits in double star systems. II     

Benest  D.  Gonczi  R.  Gonczi  R. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2003,93(3):175-190

Cosmogonical theories as well as recent observations allow us to expect the existence of numerous exo-planets, including in binaries. Then arises the dynamical problem of stability for planetary orbits in double star systems. Modern computations have shown that many such stable orbits do exist, among which we consider orbits around one component of the binary (called S-type orbits). Within the framework of the elliptic plane restricted three-body problem, the phase space of initial conditions for fictitious S-type planetary orbits is systematically explored, and limits for stability had been previously established for four nearby binaries which components are nearly of solar type. Among stable orbits, found up to distance of their sun of the order of half the binarys periastron distance, nearly-circular ones exist for the three binaries (among the four) having a not too high orbital eccentricity. In the first part of the present paper, we compare these previous results with orbits around a 16 Cyg B-like binarys component with varied eccentricities, and we confirm the existence of stable nearly-circular S-type planetary orbits but for very high binarys eccentricity. It is well-known that chaos may destroy this stability after a very long time (several millions years or more). In a first paper, we had shown that a stable planetary orbit, although chaotic, could keep its stability for more than a billion years (confined chaos). Then, in the second part of the present paper, we investigate the chaotic behaviour of two sets of planetary orbits among the stable ones found around 16 Cyg B-like components in the first part, one set of strongly stable orbits and the other near the limit of stability. Our results show that the stability of the first set is not destroyed when the binarys eccentricity increases even to very high values (0.95), but that the stability of the second set is destroyed as soon as the eccentricity reaches the value 0.8.  相似文献   

城市外来低收入移民安置与自下而上城市化发展   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

田剑平  许学强  赵晓斌  陈振光 《地理科学》2002,(4)

中国在由二元经济社会跨入现代经济社会的过程中 ,众多的农村人口向城市流动和转移 ,已经给中国社会和城市发展带来严重的影响。通过对广州市和东莞市两市三个层次的一般抽样调查和 5 0个镇村的重点调查和分析 ,以城市外来低收入移民为研究和安置的对象 ,提出了适合中国情况的自下而上的开发性移民自助安置模式 ;并分析了自助安置模式对城市发展的影响 ,提出了一种在城市地域发生的自下而上的城市化理论发展假设。  相似文献   

A Study of Saturn's Ring Phase Curves from HST Observations     

F. PouletJ.N. Cuzzi  R.G. FrenchL. Dones 《Icarus》2002,158(1):224-248

Solar phase curves between 0.3° and 6.0° and color ratios at wavelengths λ=0.336 μm and λ=0.555 μm for Saturn's rings are presented using recent Hubble Space Telescope observations. We test the hypothesis that the phase reddening of the rings is less due to collective properties of the ring particles than to the individual properties of the ring particles. We use a modified Drossart model, the Hapke model, and the Shkuratov model to model reddening by either intraparticle shadow-hiding on fractal and normal surfaces, multiple scattering, or some combination. The modified Drossart model (including only shadowing) failed to reproduce the data. The Hapke model gives fair fits, except for the color ratios. A detailed study of the opposition effect suggests that coherent backscattering is the principal cause of the opposition surge at very small phase angles. The shape of the phase curve and color ratios of each main ring regions are accurately represented by the Shkuratov model, which includes both a shadow-hiding effect and coherent backscatter enhancement. Our analysis demonstrates that in terms of particle roughness, the C ring particles are comparable to the Moon, but the Cassini division and especially the A and B ring particles are significantly rougher, suggesting lumpy particles such as often seen in models. Another conspicuous difference between ring regions is in the effective size d of regolith grains (d∼λ for the C ring particles, d∼1-10 μm for the other rings).  相似文献   

Improvements of Planetary Theories Over 6000 Years     

J. Chapront 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2000,78(1-4):75-82

Taking advantage of the JPL Long Ephemeris DE406 and of the semi-analytical solution for the planetary motions VSOP87, we make an approximation of the differences JPL–VSOP. The form of the approximation (arguments and Poisson expansions) is analogous to the time series of the theory. We improve the planetary solution VSOP87 in two directions: a better fit of the integration constants via the highly precise observations used in DE406 and an extension of the length of validity covering the 6000 years of the source ephemeris. Over an interval of 2000 years, we achieve on the mean longitudes (test variables) a precision better than 0.005 for inner planets and 0.015 for outer ones. On the longest time interval covering 6000 years the precision is better than 0.03 for inner planets and 1.2 for outer ones.  相似文献   

Invariant Tori in the Secular Motions of the Three-body Planetary Systems     

Ugo Locatelli  Antonio Giorgilli 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2000,78(1-4):47-74

We consider the problem of the applicability of KAM theorem to a realistic problem of three bodies. In the framework of the averaged dynamics over the fast angles for the Sun–Jupiter–Saturn system we can prove the perpetual stability of the orbit. The proof is based on semi-numerical algorithms requiring both explicit algebraic manipulations of series and analytical estimates. The proof is made rigorous by using interval arithmetics in order to control the numerical errors.  相似文献   

西苕溪流域城镇化对径流的长期影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴银明  李娜  陆卫东  许有鹏  陈小平 《水文》2006,26(4):81-84

城镇化的发展使流域下垫面产生了较大变化,从而使流域降雨径流条件发生变化,随着城市化水平的提高,土地利用性质发生了改变,不透水地面积的增加,对径流的形成过程产生很大影响。长期水文影响模型(Long-Term Hydrological Impact Analysis,L-THIA GIS)是一个基于GIS平台的城市水文模型,可用于评价城市化对径流的长期影响。本文选取太湖上游浙江省安吉县西苕溪流域作为研究区域,利用L-THIA GIS模型对流域31年的长期径流进行模拟,在验证模型有效应用的基础上,探讨了城镇化对径流的影响。  相似文献   

Atmospheric Electrification in the Solar System     

Karen L. Aplin 《Surveys in Geophysics》2006,27(1):63-108

Atmospheric electrification is not a purely terrestrial phenomenon: all Solar System planetary atmospheres become slightly electrified by cosmic ray ionisation. There is evidence for lightning on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and it is possible on Mars, Venus and Titan. Controversy surrounds the role of atmospheric electricity in physical climate processes on Earth; here, a comparative approach is employed to review the role of electrification in the atmospheres of other planets and their moons. This paper reviews the theory, and, where available, measurements, of planetary atmospheric electricity which is taken to include ion production and ion–aerosol interactions. The conditions necessary for a planetary atmospheric electric circuit similar to Earth’s, and the likelihood of meeting these conditions in other planetary atmospheres, are briefly discussed. Atmospheric electrification could be important throughout the solar system, particularly at the outer planets which receive little solar radiation, increasing the relative significance of electrical forces. Nucleation onto atmospheric ions has been predicted to affect the evolution and lifetime of haze layers on Titan, Neptune and Triton. Atmospheric electrical processes on Titan, before the arrival of the Huygens probe, are summarised. For planets closer to Earth, heating from solar radiation dominates atmospheric circulations. However, Mars may have a global circuit analogous to the terrestrial model, but based on electrical discharges from dust storms. There is an increasing need for direct measurements of planetary atmospheric electrification, in particular on Mars, to assess the risk for future unmanned and manned missions. Theoretical understanding could be increased by cross-disciplinary work to modify and update models and parameterisations initially developed for a specific atmosphere, to make them more broadly applicable to other planetary atmospheres.  相似文献