塔里木河流域适应气候变化和人类活动的应对措施   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘湘  段建军  陆峰  苟树生  沈永平  高前兆  王顺德 《冰川冻土》2010,32(4)

自2001年开始实施塔里木河流域近期综合治理工程,提出了以强化流域水资源统一管理和调度为核心,以源流区节水改造和干流河道治理为重点进行综合治理,积极稳妥地进行经济结构调整,实施退耕封育保护,有效保护好现有天然林草植被.通过向塔里木河下游生态输水,干涸近30a的台特玛湖于2001年11月16日开始有水,使塔里木河下游绿色走廊得到初步复苏等,流域生态环境得到极大的恢复.然而,自2007年以来,塔里木河向下游输水已大为减少,仅能输水到中游,特别是2009年水文干旱,塔里木河干流断流达1 100km多,使下游绿色走廊再度陷入生态危机.为此,需要重新审视塔里木河流域的综合治理,从加强源流治理开始,来巩固干流治理成果.认真总结10a来治理经验与教训,针对人类活动和气候变化对源流与干流造成的影响程度,积极采取应对措施.  相似文献   

一类信号恢复问题的投影迭代硬阈值算法     

李庆龙  曾雪迎 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(2):129-134

本文给出了基于L₀模求解该问题的非凸模型,借助于稀疏正则化方法来克服问题的不适定性。该模型利用紧小波框架对信号进行稀疏逼近,并利用L₀模度量稀疏性。提出了求解该模型的投影迭代硬阈值算法,并证明了算法的全局收敛性。该算法每一步都有闭式解,计算过程简洁高效。数值实验表明,方法在重建信号的视觉质量和量化指标方面均优于所对比的pFISTA方法。  相似文献   

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

WANG Jin-niu  SHI Fu-sun  XU Bo  WANG Qian  WU Yan  WU Ning 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):475-484

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen(N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer. Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3– and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3– for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.  相似文献   

Mineral occurrence for Dachang gold deposit and its impact on gold recovery rate in Qumarleb County,Qinghai     

CHEN Shengyan  ;YAO Xudong  ;JING Xiangyang  ;WANG Chunguang 《世界地质(英文版)》2014,17(3):155-162

Based on X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the Dachang gold ore, it is showed that the sulfide of ore is the main carrier minerals of gold. A majority of gold is embedded in pyrite and tetrahedrite as the form of inclusion and a small amount intergrowth with pyrite and gangue mineral, occasionally the presence is in form of monomer natural gold. The main factors which influence the recovery rate are sulfide mineral particle size, and the fine grained sulfide is beneficial for the dissociation and flotation of gold bearing minerals. The monomer dissociation degree of gold bearing minerals can reach 91.3% , when the grinding fineness is less than 0. 074 mm and grain level accounts as 80%. It is not conducive to the flotation of sulfide if the grinding fineness is low or high. It is difficult to completely dissociate the monomer if there is a small amount of pyrite and arsenopyrite in the ore. Therefore, before leaching the gold, it must conduct pretreatment to reach the ideal recovery rate of the gold, like roasting oxidation, pressure oxidation and biological oxidation. The fine microscopic gold has little influence on the gold recovery rate.  相似文献   

Truncated dunes as evidence of the 2004 tsunami in North Sumatra and environmental recovery post‐tsunami     

Claire Kain  Christopher Gomez  Patrick Wassmer  Franck Lavigne  Deirdre Hart 《New Zealand geographer》2014,70(3):165-178

The 2004 tsunami transformed the coast of Indonesia. This research investigates a sand dune area in Lampuuk, Sumatra, that was scoured by tsunami flow. We assessed geomorphology one‐year post‐event and examine the timescale of vegetation recovery. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) evidence shows an eroded succession of thin dipping units, overlain by aeolian layers 0 to 50 cm thick. Incipient dunes were absent, indicating limited dune rebuilding at one‐year post‐tsunami, possibly resulting from channelised airflow and the absence of vegetation. Recolonisation by vegetation was initially limited but progressed rapidly between 2005 and 2011, highlighting the temporal non‐linearity of recovery processes.  相似文献   

盐湖锂镁分离提取技术国际态势分析     

靳军宝  白光祖  田晓阳  高峰 《盐湖研究》2014,(1):61-67

我国盐湖资源丰富,对盐湖中的锂镁资源进行深度开发已经成为开发盐湖资源的研究热点之一。基于ISI WoK Thomson Innovation专利数据库(TI),利用TDA分析工具对盐湖锂镁分离提取技术领域专利文献进行分析,系统揭示盐湖锂镁分离提取技术的研发现状、热点以及技术分布与格局,最后根据分析结果对盐湖锂镁分离提取技术发展提出对策建议。  相似文献   

汶川科学钻探PDC取心钻头有限元分析     

唐胜利 《地质与勘探》2014,50(3):577-582

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目是在龙门山"北川-映秀"断裂及龙门山前缘安县-灌县断裂附近实施5口科学群钻,由于所实施的5个钻孔都位于地震断裂带上,地层十分松软破碎,普通取心钻进的取心率低、岩心扰动大。为解决该问题,设计并采用了一种超前式隔水防冲蚀PDC取心钻头,取得了良好的效果,提高了岩心采取率,并保证了岩心的原状性。论文通过UG建立的实体模型导入ANSYS Workbench下的CFX流场分析和Steady-Thermal稳定热分析模块,分析了该钻头的井底流场分布、大小以及钻头的冷却效果,并计算孔底有效排粉的最低泵量,以确定超前式隔水防冲蚀PDC取心钻头取心钻进时保证取心率和岩心原状性要求的最优泵量。  相似文献   

Reef status in the Rasfari region (North Malé Atoll,Maldives) five years before the mass mortality event of 1998     

Carla Morri  Stefano Aliani  Carlo Nike Bianchi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

The Maldives was severely hit by massive coral bleaching and subsequent mortality in 1998. The results of reef monitoring in the following years have supported contrasting views about their recovery potential, partly because of the scarcity of information on the situation before 1998. Quantitative data on coral assemblages collected in 1993 in the Rasfari region (North Malé Atoll) may provide a base-line for the evaluation of the present status of the Maldivian reefs. Five years before the 1998 mortality, most coral communities appeared to be similar, in terms of both coral cover and growth-form composition, to those described in 1958 and 1964, notwithstanding increased human pressure and local events such as minor bleaching episodes in 1987 and crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) attacks in 1989. Three lessons can be learnt from these results to help to understand the present situation, some ten years after the 1998 mass mortality. First, Maldivian reefs proved in the past to be capable of maintaining flourishing coral life despite various disturbances. Second, four years had been sufficient for complete reef recovery after a (minor) bleaching event. Third, recovery after both COTS attack and bleaching follows a predictable path suggesting that the presence of a three-dimensional community structure, which should reduce post settlement mortality of coral recruits, is essential for rapid coral recovery. As coral recruitment remains high and large tabular Acropora colonies are now reappearing, it is expected that Maldivian reefs should return to their original condition within the next few years.  相似文献   

确定全球厘米级精度大地水准面的可能性和方法探讨   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

晁定波  申文斌  王正涛 《测绘学报》2007,36(4):370-376

阐述确定厘米级精度大地水准面所面临的挑战,评述各种大地水准面的定义,提出一种确定1°×1°厘米级精度全球大地水准面的新思路和新方法:在已知相应厘米级精度全球重力位模型、地形密度分布模型以及平均海面高模型的前提下,利用虚拟压缩恢复法可实现全球1°×1°厘米级精度大地水准面的目标。初步论证实现此目标的可能性和条件,并简要介绍一个模拟实验结果。  相似文献   

气举技术应用于深海无隔水管泥浆回收钻井工艺可行性分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈浩文  于彦江  王艳丽  秦如雷  田烈余  王偲  殷国乐  王林清  谢文卫  冯起赠 《探矿工程》2022,49(2):9-15

无隔水管泥浆回收钻井技术作为新兴钻井技术,具有安全环保、简化井身结构和降低钻探风险等优点。传统的无隔水管泥浆回收钻井技术依靠水下泵将海底井口泥浆举升至甲板面,该方式对水下泵的举升能力及可靠性要求极高。未来深海钻井领域,水下泵将会是限制无隔水管泥浆回收钻井技术应用的“瓶颈”。本文借鉴陆地气举反循环钻井原理,利用气举技术部分或完全替代水下泵,分别从设备技术现状、流量可调性、适用环境、井控安全等方面探究气举用于无隔水管泥浆回收技术的可行性。结果表明,气举反循环技术及相关设备性能满足无隔水管泥浆回收的使用要求,而且具有上返流量可调、安全等特点,有较高的研究应用价值。  相似文献