不等长工作面台阶区域覆岩运动诱冲机制及防治     

李杨杨  张士川  高立群  孔德志  孔贺 《岩土力学》2016,37(11):3283-3290

针对阳城煤矿不等长工作面台阶区域发生冲击地压灾害问题,基于工作面特殊布置方式及覆岩赋存特征,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法,分析了台阶区域覆岩结构运动特征和围岩应力演化规律,研究了台阶区域冲击地压诱发机制。研究结果表明：1304工作面台阶区域覆岩经历了“OX-S-C”型较为复杂的结构演变,覆岩空间结构由OX向S型转换时,顶板岩层大面积破断下沉,在台阶区域形成多个悬臂梁结构,越往高位,悬臂梁长度越大;受覆岩运动和采动应力场叠加影响,煤岩体形成高应力集中区,在顶板岩层动载冲击作用下,煤岩体弹性应变能突然释放,诱发冲击地压。采用COMSOL软件对不同卸压钻孔参数下煤体应变能分布特征进行模拟研究,优化了台阶区域卸压钻孔参数。根据模拟结果,随着钻孔孔径、孔深增大及间距减小钻孔卸压效果越明显,考虑工程实际,确定孔径为150 mm、孔深为30 m、间距为1 m为合理有效的卸压钻孔参数,并应用于1302工作面台阶区域的冲击地压防治,取得了较好的防冲效果。  相似文献   

1970年云南通海地震损失、救灾、重建史实与数据的再分析          下载免费PDF全文

张炜超  郭安宁  任栋  赵乘程  吴建华  李鑫 《地震工程学报》2013,35(S1):167-172

1970年云南通海大地震是1949年建国以来死亡人数仅次于唐山与汶川地震的地震。由于发生在特定的历史时期,社会及媒体对地震的历史情况产生了质疑,提出了一些看法,本文针对质疑的灾害损失、救灾力度和恢复重建及相关问题,从文献、档案资料、统计数据进行调查分析,试图得出符合历史情况的结果。  相似文献   

Cartographically Wordy but not Necessarily Worthy     

《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):195-197

Abstract

A novel method called multidirectional visibility index (MVI) has been developed and verified. The MVI improves standard cartographic analytical shading with a number of enhancements to topographic detail and prominent structures, i.e. the portrayal of flat areas in lighter tones, the accentuation of morphologic edges, and the multiscale visualisation of morphologic terrain features. The procedure requires a digital elevation model (DEM) and involves the following steps: visibility mask computation; the respective multidirectional altering of the azimuth and elevation angle; the generation of continuous grid MVIs that indicate upper/lower views, quasi-slope, and relative relief; and an appropriate visualisation of the relevant MVI as a standalone technique or in combination with standard hill-shaded relief. The modelling parameters are robust and therefore highly adaptive to different landforms.  相似文献   

Digital Archiving and On-line Publishing of Old Relief Models     

《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):293-299

Abstract

Although people rarely think of relief models when speaking about cartographic products, these artefacts are probably the most impressive way of visualizing landscapes. Unlike traditional maps or globes, most relief models are unique, vulnerable hand-made objects. Digital archiving is an important step in their preservation. There are special tools for this task, but these equipments are rather expensive, and libraries or other institutes that usually own these models cannot spend too much. The authors examined various on-line tools to create digital 3D representation of relief models using a set of photographs as source. These tools create point cloud and textured triangle mesh based on matching patterns on the photos. A workflow was developed which uses these web services and produces the digital 3D version of relief models. This paper introduces the method, discusses the details of successful photographing, the possible post-processing of the results. A new web site, using the X3DOM technology to show the digitized models to the general public, is also introduced.  相似文献   

Scree Representation on Topographic Maps   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):141-149

Abstract

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Scree patterns are an important element of mountain maps in Swiss style. The size and density of scree dots vary with the exposition towards a source of illumination, which makes the dots extremely labour intensive to map without specialized algorithms. This paper identifies design principles for the symbolisation of scree fields on mountain slopes and presents a digital method for the quick placement of dot symbols requiring only minimal interventions by a cartographer. When digitally produced scree is combined with a shaded relief and a rock drawing, the terrain appears as a continuous three-dimensional surface to the reader. The described method is implemented in Scree Painter, a specialized free open-source software application. Scree patterns produced with Scree Painter match the quality standards of manually generated scree representations.  相似文献   

Using a GIS filtering approach to replicate patterns of glacial erosion     

K. N. Jansson  A. P. Stroeven  G. Alm  K. I. T. Dahlgren  N. F. Glasser  B. W. Goodfellow 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(3):408-418

In order to extend our knowledge of glacial relief production in mountainous areas new methods are required for landscape reconstructions on a temporal resolution of a glacial cycle and a spatial resolution that includes the most important terrain components. A generic data set and a 50 m resolution digital elevation model over a study area in northern Sweden and Norway (the present day landscape data set) were employed to portray spatial patterns of erosion by reconstructing the landscape over successive cycles of glacial erosion. A maximum‐value geographic information system (GIS) filtering technique using variable neighbourhoods was applied such that existing highpoints in the landscape were used as erosional anchor points for the reconstruction of past landscape topography. An inherent assumption, therefore, is that the highest surfaces have experienced insignificant down‐wearing over the Quaternary. Over multiple reconstruction cycles, proceeding backwards in time, the highest summits increase in area, valleys become shallower, and the valley pattern becomes increasingly simplified as large valleys become in‐filled from the sides. The sum of these changes reduces relief. The pattern of glacial erosion, which is to 60% correlated to slope angle and to 70% correlated to relative relief, is characterized by (i) an abrupt erosional boundary below preserved summit areas, (ii) enhanced erosion in narrow valleys, (iii) restricted erosion of smooth areas, independently of elevation, (iv) eradication of small‐scale irregularities, (v) restricted erosion on isolated hills in low‐relief terrain, and (vi) a valley widening independent of valley directions. The method outlined in this paper shows how basic GIS filtering techniques can mimic some of the observed patterns of glacial erosion and thereby help deduce the key controls on the processes that govern large‐scale landscape evolution beneath ice sheets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于GIS的滑坡地质灾害地貌因素分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

郭芳芳  杨农  张岳桥  孟晖  叶宝莹 《地质力学学报》2008,14(1):87-96

基于ArcGIS平台, 利用SRTM-DEM数据资料, 选择青藏高原东缘及四川盆地为研究区, 提取了区内地形起伏度和坡度等地貌参数, 统计了区内2319个滑坡点的高程, 初步建立了地形地貌与滑坡灾害点分布之间的对应关系。结果表明, 研究区滑坡灾害点及其高程分布具有明显的区域规律性, 滑坡灾害点发生的高程为400~800m和1400~2000m, 这两个区间占研究区所有滑坡总数的40%和28%;滑坡所对应的地形起伏度主要在300~600m, 占研究区所有滑坡总数的48.68%;滑坡灾害发生的地形坡度为10°~25°, 占研究区所有滑坡总数的44.70%。研究发现, 这些地区对应的地貌类型主要是深切的"V"型河谷和山谷地貌。此外, 从断裂活动等方面分析了滑坡形成的动力机制。   相似文献   

周边地区强震对新疆境内中强地震活动的影响分析     

王琼  王海涛 《地震》2009,29(2):88-97

该文基于1950年以来新疆周边强震与境内中强地震活动的统计分析结果, 解算了1976—2007年新疆周边强震活跃、 境内相对平静时段, 周边3组强震产生的库仑应力变化, 并结合其后3年新疆地区中强地震活动特征, 分析探讨了周边强震活动对境内地震活动的影响作用。 结果表明, 新疆周边这3组强震活动对新疆境内具有一定程度的减震作用。  相似文献   

国家物资储备系统参与应急救灾探讨     

邹俊义  李威  杨子健 《国际地震动态》2009,(12):23-27

国家物资储备系统利用独特的仓储设施优势,积极参与抗震救灾工作,展现了参与应急救灾工作的优势,发挥了应对突发事件的重要功能,暴露了参与应急救灾工作中存在的一些问题。国家物资储备系统可以扬长避短发挥优势,从充分利用物资储备仓储设施、组建具有储备管理经验的应急救灾队伍、开展应急救灾物资储备、发挥物资储备物流体系优势等方面,开展应急救灾工作。  相似文献   

洞庭湖区减压井井管及滤层结构试验研究     

罗玉龙  罗谷怀 《岩土力学》2009,30(Z2):110-113

为研究适用于洞庭湖区二元结构堤基的减压井结构型式,采用室内试验对比分析了土工织物包扎塑料花管式、钢管式、砂滤体式及无砂混凝土式井管的排水减压效果,并结合洞庭湖区何家堤减压井试验工程研究了合理的滤层结构。试验表明,塑料盲沟和毛细板减压井是适合洞庭湖区二元堤基的两种减压井结构型式。  相似文献