The Conceptual Model and Its Empirical Studies of Sustainable Carrying Capacity of Water Resources:A Case Study of China Mainland     

ZANG Zheng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):9-20

Based on the interactive development of new industrialization, rapid urbanization and agricultural modernization (IUAM), and from the viewpoint of interactive responses and supply-demand relationships between regional water resources carrying capacity and economic-social development, this paper puts forward the concepts and characterization methods of water resources relative intensity (WRI), water resources carrying rate (WCR) and sustainable index of water resources system (WSI). Considering the catastrophic trait of water resources carrying capacity and its contradictory relationship with WRI, a modified Catastrophe Model, which combines Catastrophe Theory and Fuzzy Mathematic Theory, was introduced to perform a multi-objective and multi-criterion comprehensive assessment of the sustainability of water resources carrying capacity (WSCC) based on benchmarking. According to these concepts and models, land WSCC for the China mainland was set as an example for empirical analysis. The results showed that at the scale of first-grade water regions, Liaohe River, Yangtze River and Pearl River regions had high WRI of domestic water, while Northwestern Rivers, Southeastern Rivers regions and Yangtze River region in some years had high WRI of eco-environment water. However, they were all in a downtrend, while the other four northern regions had low WRI in an uptrend. The agricultural WRI in Songhua River, Yellow River and Northwestern Rivers regions were relatively high and industrial WRI in Songhua River, Yangtze River and Pearl River regions were also relatively high. At the provincial scale, WSCC of urban domestic water was relatively stable, WSCC of eco-environment was obviously fluctuating, and WSCC of agriculture and industry were constantly rising. Overall, WRI in the China mainland generally decreased. The convergence of provinces with high consumption intensity of water resources and spatial spillover of WUE in high WCR provinces promotes water resources development and utilization, progressing toward doubly sustainable development. In the future, China should try to find new ideas and methods of dynamic management of regional water resources and unified management of basin water resources, building on the foundation of traditional water resources planning. Meanwhile, water resources should be considered in regional PRED (population, resources, ecology and development) systems for integrated dispatching and optimizing configuration so that the improvements of WSCC and harmonious development of water resources and regional populations, eco-environment, economy and society can be achieved.  相似文献   

农户生计对气候变化的恢复力研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

熊思鸿  阎建忠  吴雅 《地理研究》2020,39(8):1934-1946

随着气候变化对自然生态环境和社会经济可持续发展影响的不断加剧,恢复力逐渐成为应对气候变化的一种新理念。首先梳理了不同领域恢复力概念,进而阐述了农户生计对气候变化的恢复力的科学内涵及研究框架。然后重点分析了农户生计对气候变化的恢复力在资本、政府机构、自组织能力和学习能力四方面的具体表现。最后从定性和定量两方面归纳了生计恢复力的度量方法。定性评价方法主要包括农户问卷调查、关键线人访谈、重点小组讨论、生计轨迹方法和案例分析等,定量评价方法包括指标替代法、结构动力学分析法、贝叶斯网络模型法、基准线对比法等。未来研究应注重完善农户生计对气候变化的恢复力评价方法、加强农户生计对气候变化的恢复力动态研究并且开展区域间农户生计对气候变化的恢复力对比研究。  相似文献   

Reconciling Local and Global Agendas in Sustainable Development： Participatory Research with Indigenous Andean Communities     

Robert E. Rhoades Virginia Nazarea 《山地科学学报》2006,3(4):334-346

Introduction In tracing the pioneering influences which created the 1980s participatory research movement in international agriculture, health and conserva- tion, the experiences of Latin America must be highlighted. Activist participatory research itselfwas originally inspired by Paulo Freire, the influential Brazilian educator whose pedagogical teachings have been commonplace throughout South America since the 1960s (Freire 1968, Chambers 1994a). Due to a multitude of social forces betwe…  相似文献   

North Island hill country farmers' management response to issues of sustainability     

W. Smith  H. Montgomery  T. Rhodes 《New Zealand geographer》2007,63(1):30-42

Abstract:  This paper explores the impediments to optimizing the economic and environmental performance of agriculture in the North Island hill country. The work draws on a range of data sources including consolidated statistical data obtained from The New Zealand Meat and Wool Board's Economic Service (NZMWB) for all North Island hill and hard country farms for the period 1976–77 to 1996–97 and interviews in June and July 1999 with 35 farm households throughout the North Island. Despite generally low levels of profitability, there is considerable evidence that New Zealand farmers have engaged in moves to sustainability to a significant extent.  相似文献   

Assessment of well design and sustainability in hard-rock formations in northern Ghana     

J. A. Akudago  K. Kankam-Yeboah  L. P. Chegbeleh  M. Nishigaki 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(4):789-797

Some of the main problems in well construction are associated with installation of casing, especially in the overburden. A total of 1,485 lined and open wells, drilled in the hard rocks of the Precambrian basement complex and Palaeozoic sedimentary (Voltaian) formations in northern Ghana were studied. Of these, 500 were directly monitored. It was observed that the surfaces within the production zones of open wells had weathered, leading to silting and reductions in depth and yield, posing physical water-quality challenges. Also, the average life span of the open wells is about 15 years. The fully lined wells, on the other hand, perform very well with time, lasting for over 40 years on average, with a more sustainable physical water quality over their life span. The comparative cost of constructing an open well was found to be about 26% less than that of a lined well due to less construction material requirements. Although open wells may be relatively cheaper than lined wells to construct in hard rocks, the life span is shorter and should not be encouraged for groundwater exploitation especially in community or rural water supply schemes.  相似文献   

土地利用可持续性的度量-一种显示过程的综合方法   总被引：44，自引：3，他引：41  

蔡运龙  李军 《地理学报》2003,58(2):305-313

土地利用可持续性的度量指标应该具有时间序列性、空间敏感性、客观性和综合性,能显示趋势性和可预测性,有参照值或阈值,能表达逆转性和可控性,能正确地进行数据转化,能方便地采集和使用数据。迄今所见的指标体系,在方法上皆可归纳为枚举法和综合法。枚举法的困难是：指标体系很难穷尽所有的影响因素,又不能准确判断每一因素的影响程度,也难以有完备的数据序列。综合法避免了枚举法的困难,但目前还没有完整的时间序列,因而只能评价现状而不是过程。本文提出一种针对变化过程进行评价的指标体系,采用系统综合指标,即生产力、稳定性、恢复力、公平性、自立性、协调性,来定量地评价土地利用的可持续性,并应用于山东省莱西市案例研究。  相似文献   

新疆生态经济系统的能值分析及其可持续性评估   总被引：63，自引：0，他引：63  

李海涛  廖迎春  严茂超  胡聃 《地理学报》2003,58(5):765-772

运用能值理论与方法,对新疆1991～1999年的净能值产出率、能值投入率、环境负荷率、能值-货币比、能值使用强度、电力能值使用量比、可持续发展指数、人均能值用量和人口承载力等9个指标及其变化趋势进行分析,并与其他国家和地区的有关指标进行比较研究。分析结果表明：(1)1991～1999年新疆的净能值产出率曲线为非匀速下降趋势,从1991年的23.6下降到1999年的11.7。尽管净能值产出率有所下降,但仍然大大高于1,这表明新疆向外界输出的能值高于区外对其投入的能值,是一个资源输出型的生态经济区域;(2)新疆的可持续发展指数曲线与净能值产出率变化趋势一致,为非匀速下降趋势,从1991年的262.0下降到1999年的64.1。这表明从1991～1999年新疆的资源被开发和利用的程度有所增加,经济有了一定程度的发展,但开发程度仍较低,经济上还处于极不发达的阶段;(3)环境负荷率的变化曲线呈上升趋势。环境负荷率上升的主要原因是新疆的进口资源及劳务的能值用量增大,尽管如此,由于环境负荷率较低,因此,新疆的经济发展还有较大的潜力。  相似文献   

东北地区生态消费水平的区域可持续性研究   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

刘力  郑京淑 《地理科学》2003,23(6):656-660

生态可持续性评价揭示了区域可持续发展能力的基线尺度。这一领域的评价问题,不仅涉及到对自然环境本底的探究,也涉及到对社会系统行为方式的考察。加拿大生态经济学家创造性地提出了一种生态足迹的分析方法,将人类的消费行为与生态承载力联系起来,评价消费行为的可持续性。通过借鉴这一方法,估算了东北地区的生态承载力与生态消费水平。在此基础上进行区域生态可持续性评价,并进一步探讨促进与改善区域生态可持续性的可能途径与政策目标。  相似文献   

Unjust and unsustainable: A case study of the Açu port industrial complex     

《Marine Policy》2014

Given their potential for social and ecosystem disruption along with job creation and economic stimulus, the proliferation of extremely large-scale investment projects worldwide has created a dilemma for policymakers and public authorities. Although one method of balancing the varied interests of stakeholders is to require that development projects be sustainable, the definition of this concept has become muddled and few practical frameworks for its implementation have emerged. One strategy that does exist, however, is the just sustainability framework. The present study sought to assess the just sustainability of the Açu industrial seaport megaproject in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil through the application of a questionnaire among 60 active marine artisan fishers of a nearby community. The results indicate that the megaproject was not sustainable. Furthermore, the results of the just sustainability indicators triangulated both with the study's primary fisher ethnographic data and with peer-reviewed scientific assessments of similar projects, thus confirming the potential value of the just sustainability framework for assessment and policy formulation.  相似文献   

Transformation of Fish Corrals in Nha Phu Lagoon,Vietnam: livelihood changes and implications     

Tuong Huy Nguyen 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(3):393-406

ABSTRACT

Coastal fisheries in Nha Phu lagoon, Vietnam, have encountered dramatic transformation in recent decades. Socio-economic and environmental impacts are examined through the case of fish corrals. The intensification and expansion of fish corrals has helped some households to enhance their income and livelihood assets. Technological and access-related changes associated with this transformation have also resulted in lower incomes, and even pushed poorer households into indebtedness by undermining their livelihood assets. The privatisation of common pool resources has also led to marginalisation of the poor, increasing inequality in access to natural resources and social differentiation, as not all households are able to benefit from the technological changes taking place, while access to natural resources is increasingly concentrated among the wealthier households who are driving this process. A range of measures are needed to alleviate poverty and promote more diverse sustainable livelihood development in fishing communities around the lagoon.  相似文献