基于能值分析的新疆阜康市绿洲系统可持续性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张雯  李秀彬  王秀红 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,(3):241-249

绿洲是我国西北干旱区人类赖以生存和发展的栖息地,其生态环境脆弱。因此,对绿洲系统经济生态效益的定量评估与分析是我国西北地区生态建设和可持续发展急需解决的现实问题。本文以天山北麓的新疆维吾尔自治区阜康市为例,深入探讨了绿洲系统的生态经济效益及其年际变化;并利用线性规划模型建立了基于能值分析的阜康市绿洲种植业结构优化配置方案。研究发现,阜康绿洲系统的发展受土地、气候和水资源等限制,属于典型的高投入、低产出模式。1996-2006年间,绿洲系统处于弱可持续发展状态。另外,通过生态经济学的绿洲作物结构比较优势分析发现：不同的生态经济目标,其种植业结构也随之变化。当追求生态经济效益最大化时,种植业结构由能值密度决定;当追求水资源限制下生态经济效益最大化时,种植业结构由单位灌溉水量的能值产出决定。  相似文献   

改进IPAT等式的可持续性评价应用——以张掖市为例     

王肖波  徐中民 《冰川冻土》2018,40(5):1056-1064

综合的可持续评价是对地区经济发展的准确衡量,也是科学指导地区可持续发展的重要凭借。构建了一个基于IPAT等式改进的恒等式评价模型——IPADSEFÍÁ等式,以水资源在农业种植业方面的利用现状作为环境影响因素,综合考虑人口规模、经济增长、农业依赖度、农业产业结构、生产效益和先进农业技术应用等人文因素,结合1990-2014年的地区发展历程,对张掖的发展进程进行了分解和归因,并对发展的可持续性进行评价,得出张掖当前的发展模式对自然环境存在较强的压迫,尤其在水资源利用方面不是可持续的。而进行合理的产业结构调整、发展高附加值农业产业、继续加大应用先进农业技术可以缓解目前的水资源压力,让张掖的发展更具可持续性。  相似文献   

The spatio-temporal development of Copenhagen’s bicycle infrastructure 1912–2013     

Trine Agervig Carstensen  Anton Stahl Olafsson  Nynne Marie Bech  Thea Schmidt Poulsen  Chunli Zhao 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2015,115(2):142-156

Cycling plays an important role in low-carbon transitions. Around the globe, cities are constructing bicycle infrastructure. The city of Copenhagen has a bicycle-friendly infrastructure celebrated for its fine-meshed network. This study documents the spatio-temporal development of Copenhagen’s bicycle infrastructure and explores how the development corresponds to other processes of urban transformation. The study builds on historical maps of bicycle infrastructure that are digitised into geographical information, which allows for a comprehensive analysis of the formation of the network. In search for identifying drivers, the study analyses the city’s spatial growth pattern, migration pattern, development of road network and changes in the transport culture. Analyses reveal that the bicycle infrastructure expanded at a relatively constant pace during distinct periods of urban transformation, including periods when the city suffered from spatial, economic and demographic decline, and dominance of car traffic. By discussing reasons and demands for constructing bicycle infrastructure, the study identifies four distinct periods in which bicycle infrastructure was constructed to enhance comfort and safety (first cycling city); the flow for cars (car city); urban liveability for soft transport (liveable city); and, finally, to improve the flow for cyclists as part a strategic re-design of urban space (liveable cycling city).  相似文献   

The poverty evolution of typical countries along the Belt and Road and implications from China’s poverty reduction experiences     

Shi  Linna  Wang  Yongsheng  Liu  Yansui  Li  Yuheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(3):458-476

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The world is facing a poverty crisis. Despite the great achievements that have been made in poverty alleviation over the past two decades, the extent of poverty...  相似文献   

Integrative Modeling and Strategic Planning for Regional Sustainability under Climate Change     

Wu Jianguo  He Chunyang  Zhang Qingyun  Yu Deyong  Huang Ganlin  Huang Qingxu 《地球科学进展》2014,29(12):1315-1324

Climate change and land use/land cover change have resulted in water shortage, degraded ecosystem services, and increased disaster risks across the world. Developing strategies and measures for achieving regional and global sustainability in the face of these environmental problems is a key topic of current climate change research. This paper provides an overview of the 973 project, entitled “Integrative Modeling and Strategic Planning for Regional Sustainability under Climate Change”, including its background, relative progresses, key scientific questions, major research elements, methodology, and expected outcomes. The proposed research is based on sustainability science, guided by the idea of Orderly Human Activities (OHA), and implemented through an integrated methodology of combining field observations, simulation experiments, and scenario analysis. The main objectives of the project are: to quantify the relationship between human activities and climate change, to assess the impacts of human activities on ecosystem services and human well being in the face of climate change, and to develop an integrated model of climate change, OHA, and regional sustainable development. The ultimate goal is to provide a landscape/regional-scale strategy for sustainable development in the face of climate change. The project is expected to help advance the science and application of landscape sustainability science and land system design, particularly in terms of linking climate change, ecosystem services, and human well-being in the dry land region of China.  相似文献   

欧洲经济地理学区域创新政策研究进展     

陈奕嘉  谭俊涛 《世界地理研究》2022,31(2):259-269

区域创新政策对创新驱动增长和经济结构转型升级至关重要。20世纪90年代以来,基于对新古典主义经济学“空间中性”的创新政策的反思,欧洲经济地理学提出“基于空间”的区域创新政策,至今已被欧盟委员会和经济合作与发展组织等组织所采用。本文对这一时期欧洲经济地理学区域创新政策的发展背景、主要任务、理论基础和政策建议等方面进行梳理,研究发现：第一,欧洲经济地理学区域创新政策的主流框架有3个,分别是区域创新系统、精明专业化和可持续转型地理理论;第二,3个框架各有侧重,区域创新系统侧重解决系统失灵问题,精明专业化聚焦优先发展领域的选择问题,可持续转型地理理论则强调转型失灵问题;第三,针对上述问题,3个框架均给出“基于空间”的区域创新政策建议,其中,区域创新系统和精明专业化是基于区域资源禀赋差异的视角,可持续转型地理理论则从技术的空间粘性角度出发。最后,提出中国经济地理学未来区域创新政策研究的几个重点研究方向。  相似文献   

Selecting and assessing sustainable CDM projects using multi-criteria methods     

MANFRED LENZEN  ROBERTO SCHAEFFER  RYUJI MATSUHASHI 《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):121-138

Even though sustainable development has been broadly debated, the clean development mechanism (CDM) still lacks sophisticated multi-criteria decision methods for identifying, selecting and assessing CDM project activities from this perspective. Bearing in mind the huge number of CDM projects that are beginning to accumulate as the carbon market gains momentum, and the importance for non-Annex I Parties to keep focused on the sustainability objective, this article aims at developing a tool for prioritizing—within a given group, and once a specific list of sustainable development criteria is agreed upon and given—proposed CDM projects from this sustainable development point of view. We reached the following conclusions: (1) it is important to make a conscious choice of an appropriate way to normalize the sustainability performance data of CDM projects; (2) it is important to make a conscious choice of how to aggregate across multiple attributes; (3) in contrast with conventional multi-criteria assessments, which elicit preferences from a stakeholder panel, preference optimization infers from CDM projects' performance data an optimal set of weights that proponents would choose in order to win a competitive selection process. Such preference optimization methods (a) yield sensible results, simulating a range of decision circumstances, (b) avoid conflict and convey impartiality in situations where competing project proponents are likely to clash over objectionable weightings, (c) avoid cognitive overload when the number of CDM projects and/or indicators is overwhelmingly large, and (d) circumvent time-consuming and costly interviews and surveys.

From a policy perspective, the multi-criteria assessment described here can be a powerful tool for prioritizing CDM projects (1) when there is a limited amount of grant funding to certain CDM project candidates, and (2) when the decisionmaking process incorporates the CDM objective of promoting sustainable development, in addition to the objective of helping developed countries to meet part of their reduction obligations as specified in Annex I of the Protocol.  相似文献   

Engaging Communities for Success: social impact assessment and social licence to operate at Northparkes Mines,NSW     

Grace Michell 《The Australian geographer》2013,44(4):435-459

Social issues are critical to the mining industry. This study investigates how social issues have been, and are being, assessed and managed within this industry through a case study of Northparkes Mines in central west New South Wales (NSW). The research involved 29 interviews with mining executives, environmental consultants and citizens of Parkes, plus a document analysis of four environmental impact statements prepared between 1990 and 2012. Where appropriate, findings were extrapolated to the wider mining industry. The standard for social impact assessment in NSW and emerging industry guidelines on social responsibility were analysed against internationally accepted good practice. Interviews indicated greater potential to recognise the social impacts of mining in NSW and identified good practice impact assessment as only one component of a successful community engagement strategy. Complementary strategies are essential to extend the benefits of development to local communities and for companies to establish a ‘social licence to operate’. The successful approach taken by Northparkes Mines combined good practice impact assessment with a localised workforce, an integrated management team and context-specific community engagement practices. This study highlights that local communities can be empowered through development, that benefits can extend to both the community and the business and that the ongoing management of social issues will increasingly be critical to the success of the mining industry.  相似文献   

Building Green: The Emerging Geography of LEED-Certified Buildings and Professionals     

Julie Cidell 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):200-215

One of the most important attempts to reduce the environmental impacts of the built environment is through the construction of green buildings. This article examines the geography of the emerging green building industry through a study of the spatial distribution of two different elements of that industry. The first element is the location and diffusion of green buildings themselves as certified by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) through their Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards. There is a clear shift from an original concentration in major coastal cities to a more even distribution across the country, with broad representation across commercial, public, and nonprofit owners. The second area of study is the spatial distribution of LEED-accredited professionals, who are accredited by the USGBC to oversee the certification process. The distribution of these professionals matches existing concentrations of population, suggesting two different geographies of building green.  相似文献   

Recent Publications     

Sara Macdonald  Roger Keil 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):125-145

The government of Ontario, Canada, has passed legislation to protect large parts of the southern portions of the province from most development. An extensive plan for a Greenbelt that surrounds the Greater Toronto Area and other regional growth centers was introduced. This article looks at the new policy as a spatial strategy that shifts the scales of environmental and growth management policy in Ontario. The legislation also sets the framework for a state spatial project; that is, a set of changes in how the regional state internally operates. The current Greenbelt legislation is a new step in a longer term development by which governments in Ontario have attempted to regulate the relationships between cities and regions, town and hinterland. Overlapping strongly with what is usually called the Toronto bioregion between the Niagara Escarpment, Oak Ridges Moraine, and Lake Ontario, the Greenbelt reorganizes space in southern Ontario in ways that would further ecosystem policies and practices in the area. Theoretically guided by newer debates on rescaling and regionalism, and based on close reading of the planning and policy documents on the Greenbelt as well as a series of expert interviews, we argue that the current Greenbelt legislation is an act of up-scaling traditional urban-regional regulation in southern Ontario, which we shall call extended metropolitanization. Such rescaling recasts traditional political conflicts in new terms. We conclude that extended metropolitanization in southern Ontario has been a process that has brought nature, the state, and governance together into a new regional sustainability fix.  相似文献