我国西部国土资源及其开发对策     

赵成功  李新玉 《地理与地理信息科学》2000,16(1):17-21

国土资源开发在我国西部地区经济发展中具有重要的地位和作用,但是也受许多因素的制约。西部国土资源开发必须突出重点、科学规划并采取多种优惠扶持政策。  相似文献   

生态文明背景下国土空间功能研究：过去、现在与未来     

邹利林  章丽君  刘彦随 《地理科学进展》2022,41(7):1312-1324

国土空间功能是反映区域人地耦合关系和构成国土空间规划实践框架的重要理论基础。然而,受困于长期以来的“两规”并行思维以及国土空间规划仍处于探索阶段,国土空间功能这一概念较少被学界所提及,针对相关成果的系统梳理也尚未报道。论文首先从文献溯源的角度指出,国外关于国土空间功能研究偏向于通过构建理论模型解释复杂的社会问题,国内侧重于创新既有的知识框架以指导阶段性的规划实践;其次,通过对国土空间功能分类测评、时空演化、动态权衡、模拟优化等内容的梳理发现,虽然该研究总体上取得了较为丰富的成果,但针对当前特殊背景下的本土化与在地化探索仍然较为薄弱,亟需面向优化国土空间开发格局和推进生态文明建设的理论突破与现实需求开展相关研究;最后,通过对国内外研究成果的总结指出未来国土空间功能研究的几个主要方向：一是全面生态化时代下国土空间功能研究的理论建构;二是治理现代化推进中国土空间功能研究的权衡机制;三是新型全球化视野下国土空间功能研究的内容拓展;四是深度智能化支持下国土空间功能研究的技术革新;五是深度人本化导向下国土空间功能研究的理念转变。  相似文献   

企业本地根植对城市出口产品结构动态的影响研究     

齐放  贺灿飞 《地理科学进展》2022,41(7):1195-1212

城市如何实现新产品拓展,引入新的产业发展路径,是城市产业升级和跨越式发展的关键,但目前尚不清楚哪类企业更能引领这一过程。论文使用中国海关贸易数据,以企业出口产品的动态演化为切入点,从企业本地市场地位、本地存续年限、政治嵌入3个维度拆解企业本地根植性,探讨哪类企业更有可能为城市引入新产品,并探讨其时空差异。研究发现：(1)总体上本地市场地位更高、存续年限更短的企业更有可能为城市引入新产品;(2)私营企业是中国城市新产品演化的主要引导者,但私企在东部以外区域作用不显著;(3)国有企业为城市引入新产品的平均数量最多,是其他类型企业的2倍,实证结果显示国有企业的作用最稳健,在各区域以及各时间段均保持显著的正向作用;(4)对于中国东部城市,本地市场地位更高、存续年限更短的企业,以及国企和私企更有可能为城市引入新产品;(5)对于中、西和东北部城市,本地市场地位更低、本地存续年限更短的企业,以及国有企业更可能为城市引入新产品。  相似文献   

Land, sea and human effort: technical achievement and territorial engagement     

Joost H. J. Terwindt  Jan G. Groenendijk 《GeoJournal》1997,42(1):1-7

Land, Sea and Human Effort was the central theme of the 28th IGU Congress in The Hague, The Netherlands. This volume contains the key-note addresses highlighting this central theme. Three major issues regarding low-land coasts came to the fore: land-use, environmental quality and safeguarding of the land. An interesting question is whether the concentration of human activities in large urban nodes will continue, or that such nodes and hierarchies will no longer structure our world, because of the ever-increasing importance of all means of communication and transport, as indicated by Johnston. Functions may disperse to specialised environments. A similar specialisation may be encountered in e.g. the development of tourism in the coastal zone. As Gormsen has elucidated, tourism has over time extended in a sequence of spatial peripheries. Consequently, phases in development may be identified with a growing impact and participation of local tourism interwoven with international growth. The environmental quality of coastal zones is seriously under threat, due to ever-increasing population pressure and human exploitation. The major problems are pollution and the availability of good quality water. Oudshoorn explored the worlds resources of drinking water, indicating the great need for political awareness of this huge problem. Cross-sectoral planning is advocated by Oudshoorn, even if water management often trespasses international boundaries and the harmonisation of the planning strategies is mostly difficult. The environmental quality of the coastal zone is also affected by the exploitation of oil and gas resources. Odell demonstrates that the conditions for this exploitation in the North Sea are unique, especially because of the great impact of an international agreement on offshore exploitation. Planning in sea areas is becoming an issue of increasing importance as it has to cope with the many, often conflicting interests, such as shipping, fishery, mining, waste disposal in relation to environmental and ecological constraints. The safeguarding of the land against river floods and sea side storm surges under the threat of a rising sea level is another important issue in coastal low-lands. Callander reviews the present state of human influence on climatic change and the associated sea level change. As indicated by Hesselman et al. new remote sensing and associated GIS techniques have recently been developed which are a great contribution in determining the fate of the coastal zones with respect to the threats induced by natural and human activities.  相似文献   

Modeling the Stakeholder Profile in Territorial Management: The Segarra-Garrigues Irrigation System,Spain     

Sandra Ricart  Anna Ribas  David Pavón 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(3):496-510

Interest in obtaining a more accurate snapshot of irrigation management from a geographical perspective is increasingly relevant. This proposal is based on existing qualitative approaches in combination with an alternative method (the territorial irrigation management model) to identify and present key stakeholders attitudes and perceptions in the Segarra-Garrigues irrigation system in Spain. Advantages are (1) the focus on interrelations and context, (2) the applicability and extrapolation of the irrigation system, and (3) the irrigator-driven rather than researcher-driven perspective. Results revealed that there are conceptual and practical heterogeneities between the preferences of stakeholders' groups regarding water resources management, environmental protection, and agricultural challenges.  相似文献   

Town dwellers in their networks: urban-rural mobility and household strategies in Cameroon     

Hélène Mainet 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(2):117-129

Abstract

Urban-rural interactions are important features of spatial dynamics in Africa that have been affected by recent economic, social and cultural transformations. The attention of academics and policy-makers has concentrated on the impact of such mobility on rural actors and economies. Our objective is to consider the point of view of urban households and to analyse how they manage to develop and use their “rural connections”. The paper is based on in-depth qualitative fieldwork conducted in Cameroon, in Douala and Bafoussam. It presents an analysis of the configurations of urban resident mobility to rural regions. By mapping mobility we show the role of linkages with rural areas in urban household strategies. We also illustrate how a major city and a fast-growing secondary one differ in their connections with rural areas. The paper addresses what is one of the recurrent questions in the literature: will urban-rural linkages change in the long-term as the trend towards urbanization intensifies. Urban-rural mobility remains crucial, contributes to creating complex and dynamic networks. Collective connections are reaffirming the importance of the village and the region of origin. Mobility is a key element for many urban households in developing their urban position and strategies.  相似文献   

Risk analysis for capsizing of small vessels     

K. Al-Salem  W. Al-Nassar  A. Tayfun 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(5-6):788-797

Vessel accidents during stormy weather conditions over Kuwait's coastal waters are one of the major concerns for insurance and re-insurance companies, since such accidents can result in not only material losses but also losses of lives. In order to determine insurance rates for different types of vessels and their operators, it is desirable to estimate the risk or probability of occurrence of an accident and the resulting expected damage or losses associated with a given vessel type under the local wave conditions first. Therefore, there is a national need for such a study to provide this type of basic information on the risks or probabilities of vessel accidents caused by high waves within the Kuwait's territorial waters. The main objective of this study is thus to provide such information for the local and international agencies and companies concerned with sailing operations and maintenance, navigational safety, and particularly insurance of small recreational and commercial vessels. The study was carried out with the financial support of M/s Warba Insurance Company and the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, Kuwait.  相似文献   

社会关系嵌入与产业转移的区位选择——宁波服装业案例研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

谭文柱 《地理科学》2012,(7):835-839

从企业社会关系网络嵌入的视角,以宁波服装企业和机构为访谈调研对象,追寻众多宁波服装企业早期发展的历史,研究上海与宁波两地基于历史原因形成的社会关系嵌入——"红帮师傅"对上海服装业转移中区位选择的影响。研究发现,上海国有服装企业中宁波籍"红帮师傅",是理解上海服装企业在向外转移加工业务的过程中为何选择宁波服装企业的关键因素。在宁波服装业的早期发展阶段,"红帮师傅"充当了宁波服装企业与上海服装企业建立业务联系的桥梁,不仅将自己所在服装企业的加工业务介绍给宁波的服装企业,还利用自己的社会网络,将上海其它服装企业引荐给宁波服装企业,使宁波服装企业从上海获得了大量的加工业务。另外,"红帮师傅"还亲自或引荐其它服装技师为宁波的服装企业提供必要的技术指导。对理解非经济因素对产业转移区位选择的影响提供了一个有意义的实证案例,为欠发达地区吸引发达地区的产业转移提供了一种新的思路。  相似文献   

论全球化与地区发展之间的辩证关系--被动嵌入   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

刘卫东 《世界地理研究》2003,12(1):1-9

全球化是当今世界发展的重要趋势之一。地理学家基本上都承认这种趋势正在对地区发展产生深刻的影响,但对具体影响还缺少比较一致的看法。在过去的10多年中,国外经济地理学者主要借用社会经济学的思想和概念来为全球化下地区的作用来辩护。本文继承了这种学术思路,利用“嵌入”的思想建立了“被动嵌入”模型,来反映外资与地方制度环境之间的相互作用关系。“被动嵌入”模型表明,全球化是依赖于地方制度环境的一个过程,离开地区谈全球化是一种“理想主义”。另一方面,地区如何在全球化浪潮中获得益处取决于自身的知识创新与制度创新。  相似文献   

2003年7月28日晋东南及豫北区域暴雨天气分析          下载免费PDF全文

程海霞  帅克杰  李毓富 《山西气象》2004,(2):5-7

利用MICAPS系统提供的资料，对2003年7月28日发生在晋东南和豫北区域暴雨过程的大尺度环流背景和物理量场进行了分析。得出：本次暴雨过程是在中纬度西风槽与中低空切变线的相互作用下产生的，前期不稳定能量的高度积累为暴雨提供了充沛的水汽和能量，近地面层的微弱扰动触发了不稳定能量的释放，为暴雨的发生提供了动力条件。  相似文献