全球变化中的浅海沉积作用与物理环境演化——以渤、黄、东海区域为例   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

高抒 《地学前缘》2002,9(2):329-335

以渤、黄、东海陆架区为例 ,综合评述入海沉积物通量、浅海沉积作用和人类活动影响下的物理环境变化。黄河、长江沉积物入海后主要堆积于河口附近 ,沉积速率为 10～ 10 0mm/a ,部分物质输运至陆架区 ,形成泥质沉积体 ,其沉积速率为 1mm/a量级。但目前河流入海沉积物通量呈减小趋势 ,今后河口附近的堆积将会减缓 ,并在总体上转化为侵蚀状态。在过去的 7ka里 ,来自黄河、长江等河流的沉积物形成了河口三角洲、滨海平原、潮流脊和潮汐汊道沉积体系 ,其演化方式是双重的 ,既有常态边界条件和外力作用下的演化 ,又有边界条件和外力作用发生变异时的演化。边界条件和外力作用变异的原因包括入海通量变化、全球气候变化、海面上升和人类活动等。建议从中国海岸带城市化发展的现状和需求出发 ,对此进行深入研究。  相似文献   

An Extended Mild-Slope Equation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PAN Junning 《中国海洋工程》2000,14(4):459-471

On the assumption that the vortex and the vertical velocity component of the current aresmall,a mild-slope equation for wave propagation on non-uniform flows is deduced from the basichydrodynamic equations,with the terms of (V_hh)~2 and (V_h~2)h included in the equation.The terms of bot-tom friction,wind energy input and wave nonlinearity are also introduced into the equation.The wind en-ergy input functions for wind waves and swells are separately considered by adopting Wen′s(1989)empiri-cal formula for wind waves and Snyder′s observation results for swells.Thus,an extended mild-slope equa-tion is obtained,in which the effects of refraction,diffraction,reflection,current,bottom friction,wind en-ergy input and wave nonlinearity are considered synthetically.  相似文献   

Sources of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in Portuguese coastal waters     

Marie-Hlne Cott-Krief  Ccile Guieu  Alain J. Thomas  Jean-Marie Martin 《Marine Chemistry》2000,71(3-4)

In order to identify the major sources of trace metals (TM) in the Portuguese coastal waters, 58 surface water samples were collected during September 1988. The area sampled extended from the Tagus Estuary (down to a salinity of 25) to cape Ste Marie on the southern coast of Portugal. Dissolved metal concentrations in the fully marine waters ranged from 30 to 250 pM for Cd, 0.7–15 nM for Cu, 0.9–20 nM for Zn and 1.8–4.5 nM for Ni. Within the Tagus Estuary (salinity 25), concentrations increased to 3400 pM for Cd, 26 nM for Cu, 14 nM for Ni and 230 nM for Zn.The large-scale distribution of these metals is dominated by two strong continental sources, both probably linked to the exploitation of pyrite ores. In the Tagus Estuary, TM enrichments can be mostly attributed to a pyrite roasting plant located on the shore in front of Lisbon. Concerning the south Portuguese shelf waters, several hypotheses are proposed to explain their elevated metal concentrations. We particularly discussed the likely influence of the Tinto/Odiel rivers located 100 km eastward, an influence well known in the shelf waters of the Gulf of Cadiz. These rivers are extremely metal-rich because of acid mine tailings originating from their catchment. Between these two regions, upwelling of relatively metal-poor water largely contributes to the dilution of the continental inputs. Indeed, water exchanges on the shelf linked to the upwelling involve water fluxes 500 times higher than the Tagus River flow, and renew the coastal waters that are thus cleaned from terrestrial contamination. Contrary to many other upwelling systems in non-contaminated areas, the Portuguese upwelling does not act as a source of trace-metal enrichment of the continental margin waters.  相似文献   

输入非线性方程误差自回归系统的多新息辨识方法     

丁锋  毛亚文 《南京气象学院学报》2015,7(1):1-23

典型块结构非线性系统包括基本的输入非线性系统、输出非线性系统、输入输出非线性系统、反馈非线性系统等.输入非线性系统包括输入非线性方程误差类系统和输入非线性输出误差类系统.以输入非线性方程误差自回归系统,即输入非线性受控自回归自回归(IN-CARAR)系统为例,分别基于过参数化模型,基于关键项分离原理,基于数据滤波技术以及基于辨识模型分解技术,研究和提出了IN-CARAR系统的随机梯度辨识方法、多新息随机梯度辨识方法、递推最小二乘辨识方法、多新息最小二乘辨识方法.这些方法可以推广到其他输入非线性方程误差系统、输入非线性输出误差类系统、输出非线性方程误差类系统、输出非线性输出类系统、反馈非线性系统等.同时,给出了几个典型辨识算法的计算步骤、流程图和计算量.  相似文献   

夏季丰水期河流输入对太湖有色可溶性有机物的贡献   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

冯龙庆  刘明亮  张运林  殷燕  时志强  刘笑菡 《水科学进展》2011,22(1):104-111

结合2008年夏季丰水期对太湖上游直湖港、大浦河、长兜港3条河流有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收和三维荧光的测定分析,探讨了夏季丰水期时河流输入对太湖中CDOM的贡献.3条河流中直湖港CDOM浓度最高,大浦河次之,长兜港最低,反映了太湖北部外源河流污染物输入大于西南部.3条河流内CDOM吸收α(355)的均值为(4.7...  相似文献   

一类具有输入量化和未知扰动的非线性系统的自适应有限时间动态面控制     

齐晓静  刘文慧 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(3):330-340

本文研究了具有量化输入信号和未知扰动的非线性系统的有限时间自适应输出反馈动态面控制问题.在控制设计过程中,利用模糊逻辑系统对系统中的非线性项进行逼近.然后引入一种滞回量化器来避免量化信号中的抖振,并且构造模糊观测器来估计系统中不可测的状态.为了提出一种有限时间控制策略,首先给出了半全局实际有限时间稳定的判据.在此基础上,将动态面控制技术与反步法相结合,设计了自适应模糊控制器.该控制器不仅能保证跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到原点的一个小邻域,而且可以保证闭环系统中所有信号的有界性.最后通过一个仿真实例验证了该控制方法的有效性和可行性.  相似文献   

流域水文模型对土壤数据响应的多尺度分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李润奎  朱阿兴  李宝林  裴韬  秦承志 《地理科学进展》2011,30(1):80-86

流域水文模拟对输入数据空间详细程度的要求受流域面积大小的影响,而流域面积影响作用的定量描述有助于模拟时的数据选取.本文以美国Brewery Creek流域(约19.5 k㎡)为例,在逐级连续的汇流面积上,分析了SWAT模型基于1:2.4万的SSURGO和10m分辨率的SoLIM土壤数据模拟的径流量的差别随汇流面积的变化...  相似文献   

基于Qtopia的中文输入法设计与实现   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

龙中花  廖建明 《成都信息工程学院学报》2004,19(4):527-531

基于嵌入式Linux系统上广泛使用的GUI应用程序开发包Qtopia,利用Qtopia所提供的插件技术,给出在嵌入式Linux系统中中文输入法的整体设计框架,并以拼音输入法为例介绍其实现过程.  相似文献   

Can U.S. multi-state climate mitigation agreements work? A perspective from embedded emission flows     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Subnational and non-governmental actors are expected to provide important contributions to broader climate actions. A consistent and accurate quantification of their GHG emissions is an important prerequisite for the success of such efforts. However, emissions embodied in domestic and international supply chains, that can undermine the effectiveness of climate agreements, add challenges to the quantification of emissions originating from the consumption of goods and services produced elsewhere. We examine emission transfers between the states that have joined the U.S. Climate Alliance (USCA) and others. Our results show that states pledging to curb emissions consistent with the Paris Agreement were responsible for approximately 40% of total U.S. territorial GHG emissions. However, when accounting for transferred emissions through international and interstate supply chains of the products they consume, the share of Alliance states increased to 52.4% of the national total GHG emissions. The consumption-based emissions for some Alliance states, such as Massachusetts and New York, could be more than 1.5 times higher than their production-based emissions. Our detailed sectoral analysis highlights the challenges facing such agreements to extend cooperation in the future for larger joint benefit given the potential for carbon leakage from member states implementing stricter environmental policies that could lead to higher emissions from non-member states. It is critical for these arrangements to pay close attention to transferred emissions.  相似文献   

Overview of the seismic input at dam sites in China          下载免费PDF全文

Houqun Chen 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(5):410-425

The current Chinese national standard, the Standard for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures (GB51247), released in 2018, is strictly based on China’s national conditions and dam engineering features. A comprehensive and systematic overview of the basis of the seismic fortification requirements, the framework of the fortification criteria, and the mechanisms of seismic input related to the seismic design of dams are presented herein. We first analyzed and clarified several conceptual aspects in traditional seismic design of dams. Then, for the seismic input at the dam site described in the first national standard for hydraulic structures, we expounded innovative concepts, ideas, and methods to make relevant provisions more realistic and practical and discussed whether reservoir earthquakes must be included in the seismic fortification framework of dams. This study seeks to incorporate seismic input at the dam site into traditional seismic design practice to promote its improvement from the quasi-static method to the dynamic method and from the closed vibration system to an open wave propagation system, to ensure that the seismic design of dams becomes more reasonable, reliable, scientific, and economic.  相似文献