Development and validation of a finite element morphological model for shallow water basins     

Christian Ferrarin  Georg Umgiesser  Andrea Cucco  Tai-Wen Hsu  Aron Roland  Carl L. Amos 《Coastal Engineering》2008

Recognising the importance of understanding sediment dynamics to evaluate the status of a coastal lagoon environment, this work has been focused on the investigation of the hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes occurring in such basins. In order to describe the lagoon system, a modelling approach combining hydrodynamics, waves and sediment dynamics has been developed. The framework of the numerical model consists of a finite element hydrodynamic model, a third generation finite element spectral wave model and a sediment transport and morphodynamic model for both cohesive and non-cohesive sediments. The model adopts the finite element technique for spatial integration, which has the advantage to describe more accurately complicated bathymetry and irregular boundaries for shallow water areas. The developed model has been applied to test cases and to a very shallow tidal lagoon, the Venice Lagoon, Italy. Numerical results show good agreement with water level, waves and turbidity measurements collected in several monitoring stations inside the Lagoon of Venice. Such a model represents an indispensable tool in analysing coastal problems and assessing morphological impacts of human interference.  相似文献   

海南新村潟湖潮汐、潮流特征及其对营养盐的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张奕璞  于硕  黄大吉  周泽斌 《海洋学研究》2022,40(2):69-82

基于海南新村潟湖2020年12月水文和水质多要素实测数据,研究了该海域的潮汐、潮流变化特征,并探讨了潮位变化对潟湖营养盐的影响。结果表明,新村潟湖的潮汐为不规则全日潮,潟湖口门处的潮流为往复流,涨潮历时15 h,落潮历时10 h。大、小潮期间3个观测站点溶解性无机氮(DIN)浓度变化范围为0.91~20.87 μmol/L,磷酸盐(PO3-4)浓度变化范围为0.11~5.92 μmol/L,硅酸盐(SiO2-3)浓度变化范围为2.36~134.75 μmol/L。大、小潮期间,潟湖内3个观测站点DIN、PO3-4、SiO2-3浓度随着涨、落潮过程发生变化。潟湖口门处流速对观测站点潮位变化有着重要的影响,潮通量基本决定了潮位的变化。潟湖口门处和渔排密集区域的营养盐浓度与潮位呈现显著的负相关关系,潮流流速对口门处和渔排密集区域的营养盐变化有着重要影响。该研究结果将为新村潟湖的污染治理及生态修复提供科学依据。  相似文献   

澳大利亚依亚瓦拉澙湖的沉积和整治     

庄振业  龙海燕 《海洋地质前沿》2014,30(5):41-46

依亚瓦拉半封闭澙湖是澳大利亚西南侧最著名的海岸澙湖,是全新世海侵以来残留的濒危脆弱地貌。湖面约35km2,流域面积达270km2,长期沉积速率不足1mm/a,短期沉积速率约5~6mm/a。近几十年来,由于受陆源泥沙淤积和工矿重金属污染,澙湖正处于快速退化阶段。当局采取以疏为主的多项整治措施,隔绝陆沙入湖、浚深湖底、加固湖岸、杜绝圈湖养殖、扩宽潮道,缩短了海、湖水交换的时间,目前已变成湖水清澈、鱼虾洄游的旅游圣地。该整治经验可为我国海岸澙湖研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Unraveling rift margin evolution and escarpment development ages along the Dead Sea fault using cosmogenic burial ages     

A. Matmon  D. Fink  M. Davis  S. Niedermann  D. Rood  A. Frumkin 《Quaternary Research》2014

The Dead Sea fault (DSF) is one of the most active plate boundaries in the world. Understanding the Quaternary history and sediments of the DSF requires investigation into the Neogene development of this plate boundary. DSF lateral motion preceded significant extension and rift morphology by ~ 10 Ma. Sediments of the Sedom Formation, dated here between 5.0 ± 0.5 Ma and 6.2_− 2.1^+ inf Ma, yielded extremely low ¹⁰Be concentrations and ²⁶Al is absent. These reflect the antiquity of the sediments, deposited in the Sedom Lagoon, which evolved in a subdued landscape and was connected to the Mediterranean Sea. The base of the overlying Amora Formation, deposited in the terminal Amora Lake which developed under increasing relief that promoted escarpment incision, was dated at 3.3_− 0.8^+ 0.9 Ma. Burial ages of fluvial sediments within caves (3.4 ± 0.2 Ma and 3.6 ± 0.4 Ma) represent the timing of initial incision. Initial DSF topography coincides with the earliest Red Sea MORB's and the East Anatolian fault initiation. These suggest a change in the relative Arabian–African plate motion. This change introduced the rifting component to the DSF followed by a significant subsidence, margin uplift, and a reorganization of relief and drainage pattern in the region resulting in the topographic framework observed today.  相似文献   

Changes in Venice Lagoon dynamics due to construction of mobile barriers     

Michol Ghezzo  Stefano Guerzoni  Andrea Cucco  Georg Umgiesser 《Coastal Engineering》2010

The MoSE project (construction of mobile barrier to safeguard the Lagoon of Venice) entails changes to the structure of the lagoon's inlets. This could have consequences for the areas near the inlets and for the dynamics of the lagoon ecosystem as a whole. In order to predict the effects of the proposed alterations on the hydrodynamics of the lagoon, a well-tested hydrodynamic-dispersion model was applied. Simulations were carried out considering both idealised and realistic tide and wind scenarios.  相似文献   

Distribution and partitioning of major and trace elements in pyrite-bearing sediments of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(2):219-236

The formation of iron sulphide minerals exerts significant control on the behaviour of trace elements in sediments. In this study, three short sediment cores, retrieved from the remote Antinioti lagoon (N. Kerkyra Island, NW Greece), are investigated concerning the solid phase composition, distribution, and partitioning of major (Al, Fe) and trace elements (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn). According to ²¹⁰Pb, the sediments sampled correspond to depositions of the last 120 years. The high amounts of organic carbon (4.1–27.5%) result in the formation of Fe sulphides, predominantly pyrite, already at the surface sediment layers. Pyrite morphologies include monocrystals, polyframboids, and complex FeS–FeS₂ aggregates. According to synchrotron-generated micro X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra, authigenically formed, Mn-containing, Fe(III) oxyhydroxides (goethite type) co-exist with pyrite in the sediments studied. Microscopic techniques evidence the formation of galena, sphalerite and CuS, whereas sequential extractions show that carbonates are important hosts for Mn, Cd, and Zn. However, significant percentages of non-lattice held elements are bound to Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides that resist reductive dissolution (on average 60% of Pb, 46% of Cd, 43% of Zn and 9% of Cu). The partitioning pattern changes drastically in the deeper part of the core that is influenced by freshwater inputs. In these sediments, the post-depositional pyritization mechanism, illustrated by overgrowths of Fe monosulphides on pre-existing pyrite grains, results in relatively high degree of pyritization that reaches 49% for Cd, 66% for Cu, 32% for Zn and 7% for Pb.  相似文献   

天津七里海古泻湖湿地环境演变研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

秦磊 《湿地科学》2012,10(2):181-187

七里海古泻湖湿地位于天津市宁河县西南部,是全新世以来海退过程在天津平原留下的众多古泻湖湿地之一。分析了七里海古泻湖湿地形成、演变的区域地质背景,指出七里海古泻湖至少经历了3次大规模萎缩,其西南部萎缩较快,东北部萎缩相对较慢。利用历史资料研究了近5000a七里海古泻湖湿地的形成、演变过程,并以1950年航空照片和1976年、1981年、1987年、2000年、2005年的MSS、TM和ETM+影像数据为主要数据源,用遥感和地理信息系统技术研究了近百年七里海古泻湖湿地的环境变化。结果表明,距今5000a,七里海地区为海相沉积环境,海岸线穿越宁河的潘庄镇、大海北、小海北一带;距今3800～3000a,海岸线退至造甲城、七里海镇一带;到清朝乾隆年间,七里海湿地逐渐被分割成前海、后海、曲里海3部分,湖底不断淤积,水面不断萎缩,逐渐演变为湖泊、沼泽湿地;1926～2005年间,七里海湿地大致经历了3个变化阶段:1926～1950年为自然变化阶段,七里海湿地的变化主要受自然因素的影响,该阶段七里海湿地仍由前海、后海、曲里海3部分组成;1951～1981年为改造治理阶段,七里海被潮白河拦腰截断,分为东、西七里海,后海被改造为农田;1982～2005年为围垦和水产养殖阶段,东、西七里海的大面积水域以及湿地周围的大片农田都被改建为养殖池,自然湿地在减少,人工湿地在不断增加,导致七里海湿地景观类型日趋单一,生物多样性明显减少。  相似文献   

黎安港海水和沉积物中叶绿素a含量及与环境因子的关系分析     

庞巧珠  骆丽珍  曾广锐  吴瑞  陈石泉  陈海鹰  梁计林 《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(1):133-141

在2019年6月和9月对黎安港海域9个站点进行水质和沉积物采样调查,研究叶绿素a含量在潟湖内的空间分布,并探讨叶绿素a含量与相关环境因子的关系,为黎安省级海草特别保护区的海草资源保护与恢复提供基础数据及理论研究。结果表明:水体叶绿素a含量时空分布不均匀。6月,水体叶绿素a含量变化范围为3.34μg/L~14.64μg/L,均值为6.36μg/L;9月含量变化范围为12.20μg/L~21.62μg/L,均值17.61μg/L。总体上9月高于6月,空间分布特征为西南和北部偏高,东南部海草区和南部的港口门区偏低。沉积物叶绿素a含量变化范围为0.12μg/g~31.95μg/g,均值为5.71μg/g,表层沉积物叶绿素a呈北高南低的分布特征,柱状样叶绿素a随深度增加基本呈下降趋势。Pearson相关分析结果表明,6月,水质叶绿素a与无机氮和活性磷酸盐呈显著正相关,与水温和透明度相关性不显著;9月,与无机氮呈显著负相关,与其他因子相关性不显著;沉积物叶绿素a与水深、有机碳、总氮有关;说明营养物质和水下光照条件是影响浮游植物生长的主要因素。  相似文献   

History of human activity in coastal southern Brazil from sediment     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,78(1-2):209-212

This study reports results of analysis of sediment cores collected from the Patos Lagoon estuary. This estuary receives materials from land runoff into Patos and Mirim lagoons and from exchange with the adjacent South Atlantic Ocean through a narrow inlet. Sediment from these sources is mostly natural, but additional contributions associated with source/activities related to the port of Rio Grande. The aim of this study was to estimate rates of accumulation of the sediments and to assess the significance of metal inputs from these activities relative to natural inputs. Our results indicate an average sedimentation rate of 0.3 cm/yr and that the transport of suspended solids from offshore sources into the estuary was enhanced after the deepening of the channel and construction of the breakwaters (in the early 1900). Results for metal accumulation in these sediments suggest that there have been only minor enrichments which can be attributed to anthropogenic sources.  相似文献   

Growth patterns and dynamics of mud cracks at different diagenetic stages and its geological significance     

Zhen-yu ZHAO  Yan-ru GUO  Yan WANG  Hong LIU  Qing ZHANG 《国际泥沙研究》2014,29(1):82-98

This paper discusses the growth stages,spatial structures,quantitative fitting relationships among various parameters,growth patterns and influencing factors of mud cracks by field survey,core observation and SEM analysis.The study shows that:(1) Mud crack growth can go through three stages,i.e.the syndiagenetic stage,the burial diagenetic stage(including early diagenetic stage,middle-late diagenetic stage) and the epidiagenetic stage.(2) Quantitative fitting relationships among various parameters allow a great significance to describe the spatial structure,the regional distribution and the growth environment of mud cracks.(3) Mud crack growth has three models,such as the unilateral growth model including the linear growth pattern,the curvilinear growth pattern and the bifurcation growth pattern,the multilateral growth model including the inteisectional growth pattern,the join growth pattern and the dispersed growth pattern,and the mixed growth model including the combination of any patterns listed above.(4) Modern mud crack growth usually undergoes four stages.Sand beds in sand-mud rhythmic strata can play a lubricative role on crack growth and provide enough sandy deposits for filling cracks.(5) Mud crack growth usually produces bifurcation and bifurcation angles which are mostly 120° or 90° that are related to sediment heterogeneity and released energy.(6)Factors affecting mud crack growth cover many aspects:clay content and salinity can control the number of mud cracks in different areas;terrain can control mud crack morphology;and different sedimentary cycles can control the growth patterns and filling models of mud cracks.  相似文献