贵州二叠系茅口组顶部锰矿沉积特征及矿床成因研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨瑞东  程玛莉  高军波  徐海  李军  陈军  刘坤 《地质学报》2018,92(4):804-816

通过对遵义、纳雍营盘等地含锰岩系沉积特征及沉积地球化学特征研究,结果表明,锰矿体形态主要以层状、似层状、透镜状、脉状产出,具有角砾状构造、递变层理等,常夹硅质岩和凝灰岩,具有热水喷流沉积构造特征。锰矿层位于玄武岩之下,夹于茅口组灰岩顶部,说明锰矿成矿在玄武岩喷发之前。含锰岩系中的矿物组合有浸染状黄铜矿,黄铁矿,重晶石,天青石,菱锰矿、钙菱锰矿、锰方解石、黄铜矿、蓝铜矿、褐铁矿、绿泥石、石英及其他碳酸盐岩矿物等,这些矿物组合与热水沉积矿物组合类似。对含锰岩系进行微量元素、稀土元素、碳同位素分析测试表明,含锰岩系富集As、Co、Cu、Cr、Mo、Ni、Pb、U和V等元素,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti及Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值,Fe-Mn-(Cu+Co+Ni)×10三角图解等均显示锰矿属于热水沉积成因。锰矿石碳同位素值δ~(13) C介于+4.17‰~-18.53‰,氧同位素δ~(18) O介于-6.98‰~-10.05‰显示,碳同位素组成具有热水沉积特征。含锰岩系稀土配分曲线与峨眉山玄武岩稀土配分曲线类似,表明锰矿成矿物质来源与峨眉地幔热柱密切相关。  相似文献   

A note on the characteristics and possible origins of desert varnishes from Southeast Morocco. A reply to comments by R. I. Dorn     

B. J. Smith  W. B. Whalley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1989,14(2):171-172

This reply to Dorn (1989) argues that a biotic origin is not the only way in which desert varnishes may be formed. It is suggested that a variety of initial conditions may result in similar end products. It is agreed that the dissimilar views of the authors may result from their different philosophies concerning the classification of Mn/Fe varnishes.  相似文献   

安徽贵池地区含锰岩系地质地球化学特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

谢建成  杜建国许卫 杨晓勇 《地质论评》2006,52(3):396-408

安徽贵池地区沉积锰矿床赋存于二叠纪孤峰组，包括沉积作用形成的碳酸锰矿和经后期氧化作用形成的氧化锰矿。二叠纪含锰岩系一般为钙、泥、硅质岩石组合，主要处于二叠纪孤峰组下部，自东向西钙质增加、厚度变大。常量元素特征为Ca、Si低，Mn、Fe、P相对富集。微量元素总体特征显示本区锰矿层及含锰岩系的物质来源具有多源性，Sr异常和Sr／Ba值以及Co／Ni值反映出当时含锰岩系处在高盐度的海相沉积环境。稀土元素属LREE富集型。球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分模式图显示重稀土亏损特点，均为右倾斜、中等Eu、Ce负异常，利用海水的标准化值进行标准化的模式曲线，则出现明显的Ce正异常特征，反映区内沉积物具有相似的物质来源。氧、碳同位素具有比较大的变化范围，δ^13CV.PDB=-4.1‰～5‰，δ^18OV.PDB=-3.4‰～-9.9‰，表明碳的来源主要为早二叠纪海水的重碳酸盐。6个含锰灰岩样品δ^18OSMOW值稳定在22‰～24‰，这些均一的氧同位素组成可能反映出它们有一个相似的海相源区。古海水温度比正常沉积要高，约49～71℃，综合地球化学各参数特征分析表明本区孤峰组含锰岩系的沉积是热水活动间歇式、多次活动的结果。含锰岩系和锰的物源既有热水成因的也有非热水成因的物质。结合沉积特征及地史演化分析，自栖霞期发生的海侵在茅口早期达最大，本区处于深水陆棚相-盆地相沉积环境，发生含锰地层的沉积。  相似文献   

Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gwendy E. M. Hall 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,61(1-3)

Analysis of soil and sediment samples, using selective extraction methods to distinguish different phases, is of particular interest in exploration geochemistry to locate deeply buried mineral deposits. There are various mechanisms of binding labile elements in the secondary environment, including physical and chemical sorption, precipitation, chelation and complexation. Phases present in soils and sediments which are likely to scavenge ‘free' elements include amorphous Mn and Fe oxides, the humic and fulvic components of humus, and clays. This paper reviews these forms of trace elements and the methods in current use to quantify them. Examples of precision data, both for control and survey samples, are given with respect to trace elements dissolved from the ‘soluble organic' component of humus, Mn oxides and amorphous Fe oxides. The high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is required to measure accurately and precisely a large suite of trace elements, especially where only small fractions of elements are dissolved by such leaches as the commercially available Enzyme and MMI (Mobile Metal Ion) extractions. The relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained for 33 elements (e.g. Ag, Cd, In, I) in the standard reference sample (SRM), TILL-2, are in the range 0.5–8% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH₂OH·HCl) leach designed to extract hydrous Fe and Mn oxides. The corresponding RSDs for elements in the reactive Mn oxide phase extracted by the Enzyme leach are in the range 3–19% except for some trace elements at levels close to detection limit (e.g. Cd, Bi). The RSDs obtained for field duplicates are inferior to those for analytical replicates (i.e. sample splits), probably a reflection of different concentrations of the host phase. In one soil survey, the Fe extracted by a 0.25 M NH₂OH·HCl leach ranged conservatively from 0.2 to 1.7% whereas the Mn extracted by the Enzyme leach varied extensively, from 0.3 to >999 ppm. In contrast, precision, at 1–7% RSD, for field duplicates was found to be comparable with that for both analytical duplicates and the SRM, LKSD-4, for elements associated with the humic and fulvic component of humus samples sieved to <177 μm.  相似文献   

滇东南中三叠统法郎组锰矿床成因的新认识   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜秋定  伊海生  惠博  武向峰  陈三运  陈广义 《地质论评》2010,56(5):673-682

产于滇东南中三叠世拉丁期法郎组地层中的锰矿床,锰矿石出现氧化锰矿与碳酸盐锰矿混合存在现象,没有明显的变质现象,为沉积成因。矿石中一般都含有生物碎屑。我们对采自这一地区的斗南、岩子脚、老乌,土基冲等典型矿床的锰矿石样品,进行了系统的薄片显微镜和扫描电镜观察,同时应用X射线衍射对矿石矿物成份作了相应分析。观察到这些矿石中的鲕、豆状结构是由蓝绿藻类微生物凝聚作用形成的显微叠层构造,具有核形石特有的核心和包壳,其明—暗纹层相间的显微结构特征可以与现代深海大洋铁锰结核相类比。本文通过对核形石显微结构特征的观察和对锰矿物生成时介质环境的讨论,初步研究结果表明,锰矿形成可能位于古氧化还原界面附近,该区锰的富集可能与微生物活动密切相关。  相似文献   

环境植物样品中铜铅锌铁锰的测定     

马欣  丛玉梅  邵文君 《国土资源》1995,(1)

将环境植物样品在４００─５００℃灰化，用硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸分解，用盐酸（１＋１）提取，控制２％─３％的盐酸介质，用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定环境植物样品中的微量铜、铅、锌、铁、锰。该方法简单、快速、可靠。对环境植物标准样品的测定结果理想。  相似文献   

Origin and variability of resource-grade marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts in the Pacific Ocean: A review of biogeochemical and physical controls     

Philomène A. Verlaan  David S. Cronan 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2022,82(1):125741

Marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts containing Mn, Cu, Ni and Co in the most promising resource-grade concentrations and quantities, together with Fe and Zn (all elements of biogeochemical importance) are found far from land on the deep seafloor of the Pacific Ocean. The biogeochemical, chemical and physical mechanisms contributing to their formation, distribution, abundance and – for these six elements – variability in their concentrations in these deposits, are the main focus of the present review. The mechanisms addressed include biological productivity, sedimentation types and rates, bottom water characteristics, the Calcium Carbonate Compensation Depth, the depth and intensity of the oxygen minimum zone, and biogeochemical characteristics of the six focal elements. Particular attention is given to comparisons between the deposits found in the north and the south Pacific, in order to present an overarching view of our current understanding of the mechanisms that apply to both nodules and crusts in both oceanic hemispheres, including examination of the possible existence of a marine ferromanganese oxide continuum. The renewed interest in the commercial exploitation of these deposits has stimulated a welcome increase in scientific research that is essential to informing the public discourse on seabed mining. We briefly reflect on the work addressed in this review in that context.  相似文献   

Manganese ore deposits in Koira-Noamundi province of Iron Ore Group, north Orissa, India: In the light of geochemical signature   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B.K. Mohapatra  P.P. Mishra  P.P. Singh  Rajeev 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2009,69(4):377-394

Several small Mn–Fe oxide and Mn-oxide ore bodies associated with Precambrian Iron Ore Group of rocks are located within Koira-Noamundi province of north Orissa, India. These deposits are classified into in situ (stratiform), remobilized (stratabound) and reworked categories based on their field disposition. Volcaniclastic/terrigenous shale in large geographic extension is associated with these ore bodies.The in situ ore bodies are characterised by cryptomelane-, romanechite- and hematite-dominating minerals, low Mn/Fe ratio (1.1) and relatively lower abundance of trace (1500–2500 ppm) constituents. In such type of deposits the stratigraphic conformity of oxides with the tuffaceous shale suggests precipitation of Mn and Fe at a time of decreased volcaniclastic/terrigenous contribution. The minor and trace elements were removed from solution by adsorption rather than by precipitation. Both Mn and Fe oxides when precipitated adsorb trace elements strongly but the partitioning of elements takes place during diagenesis. The inter-elemental relationship reveals that Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn were adsorbed on precipitating hydrous Mn oxides and form manganates. Some of these elements probably get desorbed from Fe oxide because of their inability to substitute for Fe³⁺ in the lattice of its oxide. However, P, V, As and Mo were less partitioned and retained in Fe-oxide phase. Positive correlation between Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, MgO, Na₂O, TiO₂ and some traces like Li, Nb, Sc, Y, Zr, Th and U points to their contribution through volcaniclastic/terrigenous detritus of both mafic and acidic composition.The remobilized ore bodies are developed in a later stage through dissolution, remobilization and reprecipitation of Mn oxides in favorable structural weak planes under supergene environment. Increase in average Mn/Fe ratio (8) and trace content (5000–8500 ppm) by 5–2.5 orders of magnitude, respectively, or more above its abundance in adjoining/underlying protore is characteristic of these deposits. The newly formed Mn ores constituting lithiophorite, cryptomelane/romanechite and goethite get quantitatively enriched in traces like Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn. Positive correlation between Mn, Li, Co and Zn is due to the formation of mineral of lithiophorite–chalcophanite group during redistribution and reconcentration of Mn oxide. P and V, which were present in Fe oxide, also get dissolved and reprecipitate with Fe oxyhydroxide in these ores. Some other elements like Y, Th and U show positive relation with Fe. This is probably due to leaching of these elements during chemical weathering of associated shale and getting re-adsorbed in Fe-oxyhydroxide phase.However, under oxidizing environment selective cations like Ba, K, etc. resorb from Mn-structure, resulting in the development of pyrolusite (Mn/Fe>20). In such transformation, trace metals from pyrolusitic structure expels out, resulting thereby in a considerable reduction in total trace value (<3000 ppm).The reworked ore bodies are allochthonous in nature and developed through a number of stages during terrain evolution and lateritisation. Secondary processes such as reworking of pre-existing crust; solution and remobilization; precipitation and cementation and transport, etc. are responsible for their development. Such deposits are usually very low in Mn/Fe ratio (3) and trace content (<2000 ppm).  相似文献   

贵州省松桃县桃子坪隐伏超大型锰矿床地质特征及潜力分析          下载免费PDF全文

尹廷龙  周琦  杨胜堂  潘文  蒋天锐  叶飞  赵爽 《贵州地质》2019,36(4):291-298

贵州松桃桃子坪超大型锰矿床是华南南华纪武陵锰矿成矿带中松桃寨英-西溪堡(Ⅳ级)地堑盆地中发现的第二个超大型"大塘坡式"锰矿床,与亚洲最大的松桃普觉超大型锰矿紧邻,位于西溪堡(Ⅳ级)地堑盆地北西侧的渗漏喷溢中心相-过渡相-边缘相。矿体埋深9202 000 m,为全隐伏锰矿床。含锰岩系厚度15. 70 91. 00 m、锰矿体厚度1. 07 14. 58 m。含锰岩系与锰矿体空间展布的长轴方向呈狭长带状沿北东约65°方向展布,与地表北东向的燕山期构造存在约40°夹角。目前该锰矿床北东和南西侧矿体均未圈边,还存在较大的锰矿找矿潜力。  相似文献   

新疆锰矿成矿规律研究     

徐仕琪  薛春纪  冯京  冯昌荣 《新疆地质》2019,(2):201-206

最近新疆西昆仑地区锰矿勘查实现重大突破,伴随大型优质锰矿的发现和勘查,锰已成为新疆区域优势金属矿种之一。通过系统收集资料,总结新疆锰矿成矿类型及区域时空规律。指出寒武纪、二叠纪、石炭纪是新疆锰矿成矿的3个重要时代,西昆仑-昆盖山裂谷带、塔里木陆块北部边缘活动带是新疆锰矿成矿的重要构造单元,以海相沉积型锰矿为主要成矿类型。同时,对比中国南方重要锰矿成矿特征,指出新疆奥尔托喀讷什、穆呼锰矿与广西下雷超大型锰矿在地质构造背景、成矿时代、含矿建造、矿石类型等方面均有相似之处,在成矿空间上具某种“亲缘性”。新疆西昆仑穆呼-玛尔坎苏锰矿带具超大型锰矿成矿潜力。  相似文献