湘潭锰矿的酸性水污染及其防治对策     

傅丰海 《湖南地质》1993,12(4):268-271,267

湘潭锰矿酸性水的形成,与含矿岩系富含黄铁矿的黑色页岩密切有关。本文揭示了它的形成条件和影响因素及其对工农业生产的危害。作者根据当地酸性水的来源与分布。提出了一些防治措施,并对石灰中和法原理及其应用效果作了介绍。  相似文献   

类质同象的研究方法及意义     

隋延辉  梁一鸿  戚长谋 《世界地质》2004,23(4):326-331

结合研究史作者论述了元素类质同象、间隙原子和固溶体概念的异同。指出类质同象元素的3个属性：同生性、共生性和同晶体化学位。提出元素统计式均匀分布为鉴别类质同象状态的理论准则,例举电子探针、矿物物性鉴别“杂质”属性的可行性,指出电子探针方法为最佳选择。论述了类质同象的重要地学意义：岩浆演化的指示剂和地质温压计。提出类质同象副成分作为找矿地球化学标志的新思路。元素不同存在状态的查定在矿产资源评价中具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Microbial ecology and geochemistry of soils containing iron pans     

C.?R.?AndersonEmail author  I.?M.?Turnbull  M.?R.?Rosen 《Environmental Geology》2003,45(2):209-220

Soils in New Zealand, and elsewhere, often contain substantial zones of ferro-manganese concretions and pans (laterally continuous layers) that can affect soil quality and management. Soils containing concretions and pans from Southland, New Zealand, were investigated to determine links between microbial ecology and geochemistry. Three soil profiles were sampled at 100-mm intervals to a depth of 1 m and then assayed for nine different populations of bacteria using selective media. Geochemical analysis was performed on the soils at the same intervals, and on shallow groundwater from nearby wells. The largest concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) coincide with concretions. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) are not correlated with Fe and Mn but may be depleted due to bacterial metabolism. Fe and Mn concentrations in groundwater are low, suggesting that the source of these elements in the concretions and pans is in situ weathering rather than groundwater. Numbers of iron oxidising organisms increase where concretions and pans are encountered, but manganese-oxidising organisms decrease. Heterotrophic, sulphur-oxidising, and anaerobic populations have relatively consistent numbers at all depths within the profiles. Fifty organisms were selected for phylogenetic characterisation, of which only Pseudomonas sp. is known to have significant interactions with Fe and Mn. These results suggest a link between concretion development and iron-oxidising microbial populations.  相似文献   

Altered carbon cycling and trace-metal enrichment during the late Valanginian and early Hauterivian   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Oliver Kuhn  Helmut Weissert  Karl B. F?llmi  Susanne Hennig 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2005,98(3):333-344

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Enzyme leach anomalies associated with deep Mississippi Valley-type zinc ore bodies at the Elmwood Mine, Tennessee   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James R. Yeager  J. Robert Clark  Wallace Mitchell  Roy Renshaw 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,61(1-3)

Deeply buried Mississippi Valley-type deposits that have been or are currently being mined in North America were initially discovered by drilling. Conventional geochemical methods are ineffective for detecting these ‘blind' deposits when they occur deep within sequences of stable-platform carbonates and shales. The ‘enzyme' leach is a selective analytical technique for determining trace elements associated with amorphous Mn oxide coatings in soils. In many areas of the world, the enzyme leach method is useful for detecting low-level geochemical anomalies in soils, which are associated with blind mineral deposits. Enzyme leach analysis of soils, collected at the Elmwood Mine, Tennessee, revealed high-contrast anomalies over ore bodies 370 m below the surface. In areas where the soils are in chemical equilibrium, ‘combination' anomalies occur over Zn ore bodies. These are characterized by asymmetrical halogen halos which occur around a halogen ‘central low'. Commodity metals (Zn and Pb) and trace elements associated with the ore (Cd, Ba, and Mn) form apical anomalies, which occur over the ore bodies and within the halogen halo. Under most circumstances, agricultural practices do not affect enzyme leach results. However, agricultural activity in central Tennessee appears to have altered the proportion of amorphous Mn oxides in the soils in some locations. Where the MnO₂-form equilibrium of the soil has been disturbed, enzyme leach data are erratic. In the one instance where this was encountered, ratioing the data to Mn reveals anomalies which bracket the blind ore bodies.  相似文献   

共生生金菌与锰的相互作用机制     

郝瑞霞  关广岳 《地质与勘探》1996,32(2):19-22

共生生金菌的生长具有周期性的变化特征，与锰相互作用也表现出了周期性的变化规律。该细菌影响着含锰溶液体系的ｐＨ和Ｅｈ，能将低价态的锰氧化为高价态的锰。细菌氧化锰主要借助于各种酶和不同代谢物的作用而完成。  相似文献   

A comment on ‘a note on the characteristics and possible origins of desert varnishes from Southeast Morocco’ by Drs. Smith and Whalley     

Ronald I. Dorn 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1989,14(2):167-170

This note queries the discussion of the origins of ‘desert varnishes’ (Smith and Whalley, 1988), with particular reference to manganese-rich conditions. The case for a biotic model of varnish development is proposed and illustrated as opposed to the abiotic model put forward by Smith and Whalley.  相似文献   

Manganese-rich rock coatings from Iceland     

G. R. Douglas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(3):301-310

Manganese-rich rock coatings are widespread in Iceland, especially in fractures in basalt lavas. Three common types of coating are described. A thick subsurface coating is found on whaleback forms on high plateaux. The most common type is thinner and occurs in hydrothermal clay-filled fracture systems which are especially well developed in tholeiite lavas. A third type occurs in younger rocks and is associated with tephra-rich, loessic sediment which fills open fractures and vesicles. There are differences in the chemistry, morphology, and mineralogy of these coatings which are interpreted as being due to the different microenvironments in which they form. The fracture microenvironment is regarded as being of much more importance to coating thickness and chemistry than simple age and in this respect the hydrothermal clays seem to favour rapid manganese concentration. On the other hand, there are variations in coating type, both laterally and vertically through the lava succession, which are related to regional distribution of hydrothermal alteration and rock type. The regional patterns are the result of Iceland's lateral drift and as a result there is an incidental connection between coating type and rock age. There is some evidence to suggest that the manganese coatings may be both forming and being degraded rapidly in the present environment.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of lead contaminated wetland soils amended with phosphorus     

Daniel G. Strawn  Patrick Hickey  Andrew Knudsen  Leslie Baker 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(1):109-122

To remediate Pb contaminated soils it is proposed that phosphorus can be amended to the soils to transform the Pb into poorly soluble Pb-phosphate mineral phases. However, remediation strategies must account for variable Pb speciation and site-specific factors. In this study soil mineralogy and Pb speciation in soils from P-amended field trials at sites within the Coeur d’Alene River Basin in Idaho, USA were investigated. The soils are contaminated from mining activities and are enriched with Fe and Mn. Selective extraction of the soils indicated that the Fe oxides are poorly crystalline. XRD of the soil clay size fractions identified quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, siderite, lepidocrocite, and chlorite minerals. Amendment with P fertilizer dissolved the siderite. No Pb–phosphate minerals were detected by XRD. Electron microprobe analysis showed direct correlations between Pb, Fe, and Mn in the unamended soils, and negative correlations between Pb and Si. Lead and Mn were strongly correlated. In the amended soils Fe and P were strongly correlated. Results indicate that the Pb is associated with poorly crystalline Fe and Mn oxides, and that added P is primarily associated with Fe oxide phases. Comparisons of pore water Pb concentrations with chloropyromorphite and plumbogummite solubility suggest that in the phosphate-amended soils the pore waters are undersaturated in these phases, whereas several of the control soil pore waters were oversaturated, indicating the added phosphate suppressed the Pb solubility. Results from this research provide insight into the geochemistry occurring in the P-remediated soils that will help in making management and remediation decisions.  相似文献   

东太平洋多金属结核的叠层石包壳及其沉积环境意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

韩喜球  方银霞  金翔龙  杨树锋 《海洋学报》2000,22(5):73-81

对东太平洋C-C区深海多金属结核的叠层石包壳、多金属结核的表面类型及其分布规律进行了详细研究和合理解释,认为叠层石的形态学特征既是建造叠层石的微生物种类差异的表现,也是环境水动力条件和溶解氧含量不同的反映,这些因素共同决定了多金属结核的表面类型,而南极底流是造成海底水体能量环境、氧化还原电位和微生物种类变化的根本原因.为多金属结核的分布规律和成矿预测提供科学依据.  相似文献