Optimizing Ore–Waste Dig-Limits as Part of Operational Mine Planning Through Genetic Algorithms     

Julian Ramirez Ruiseco  Jacob Williams  Mustafa Kumral 《Natural Resources Research》2016,25(4):473-485

Dig-limit optimization is an operational decision making problem that significantly affects the value of open-pit mining operations. Traditionally, dig-limits have been drawn by hand and can be defined as classifying practical ore and waste boundaries suiting equipment sizes in a bench. In this paper, an optimization approach based on a genetic algorithm (GA) was developed to approximate optimal dig-limits on a bench, given grade control data, equipment constraints, processing, and mining costs. A case study was conducted on a sample disseminated nickel bench, in a two destination and single ore-type deposit. The results from using the GA are compared to hand-drawn results. The study shows that GA-based approach can be effectively used for dig-limit optimization.  相似文献   

The investigation of static and dynamic capillary by water absorption in porous building stones under normal and salty water conditions     

Mustafa Yavuz Çelik  Ahmet Uğur Kaçmaz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(4):307

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Geochemistry and spatial distribution of selected heavy metals in surface soil of Sohag,Egypt: a multivariate statistical and GIS approach     

Mohamed H. Ali  Abdel-Rahman A. Mustafa  Ahmed A. El-Sheikh 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(18):1257

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Site characterization of the strong motion stations and evaluation of site effects in the Ankara region during the December 2007 and March 2008 moderate Bala earthquakes     

Mustafa Kerem Koçkar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(15):1128

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An evaluation of the relationship between physical/mechanical properties and mineralogy of landscape rocks as determined by hyperspectral reflectance     

Erdem Emin Maras  Mustafa Caniberk  Mehmet Serhat Odabas  Burcu Degerli  Süleyman Sirri Maras  Hadi Hakan Maras 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(2):164

We investigated the relationships between mineral content and the physical and mechanical properties of landscape rock using a non-destructive remote sensing method applied in the laboratory. Using this technique, the spectral properties of the landscape rock could be collected at different wavelengths without harming the samples. Differences in spectral reflectance were compared with the physical and mechanical properties of the stone. Significant correlations were observed between reflectance values and the rocks’ mechanical and physical properties, with correlation coefficients of 95 to 99 %. However, establishing a correlation between two variables is not a sufficient condition to establish a causal relationship. Mineral densities and mineral content are characteristics used for the classification of landscape rock. We have concluded that although spectral signatures from landscape rock can be used for predicting which stones might have similar features when comparing two batches of stone, the high correlations we discovered cannot confirm a cause and effect relationship that would allow for the prediction of a rock’s physical and mechanical properties. Although this conclusion is disappointing, the mineral content and the significant correlations discovered by hyperspectral reflectance scanning can be used as supplementary information when comparing two samples of landscape rock.  相似文献   

Petrology and geochemistry of Jura granite and granite gneiss in the Neelum Valley,Lesser Himalayas (Kashmir,Pakistan)     

Muhammad Saleem Mughal  Muhammad Sabir Khan  Muhammad Rustam Khan  Sohail Mustafa  Fahad Hameed  Muhammad Basharat  Abrar Niaz 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(8):528

Late Proterozoic rocks of Tanol Formation in the Lesser Himalayas of Neelum Valley area are largely green schist to amphibolite facies rocks intruded by early Cambrian Jura granite gneiss and Jura granite representing Pan-African orogeny event in the area. These rocks are further intruded by pegmatites of acidic composition, aplites, and dolerite dykes. Based on field observations, texture, and petrographic character, three different categories of granite gneiss (i.e., highly porphyritic, coarse-grained two micas granite gneiss, medium-grained two micas granite gneiss, and leucocratic tourmaline-bearing muscovite granite gneiss), and granites (i.e., highly porphyritic coarse-grained two micas granite, medium-grained two micas granite, and leucocratic tourmaline-bearing coarse-grained muscovite granite) were classified. Thin section studies show that granite gneiss and granite are formed due to fractional crystallization, as revealed by zoning in plagioclase. The Al saturation index indicates that granite gneiss and granite are strongly peraluminous and S-type. Geochemical analysis shows that all granite gneisses are magnesian except one which is ferroan whereas all granites are ferroan except one which is magnesian. The CaO/Na₂O ratio (>0.3) indicates that granitic melt of Jura granite gneiss and granite is pelite-psammite derived peraluminous granitic melt formed due to partial melting of Tanol Formation. The rare earth element (REE) patterns of the Jura granite and Jura granite gneiss indicate that granitic magma of Jura granite and Jura granite gneiss is formed due to partial melting of rocks that are similar in composition to that of upper continental crust.  相似文献   

Did satellite imagery supersede aerial imagery? A perspective from 3D geopositioning accuracy     

Altan Yilmaz  Mustafa Erdogan  Hadi Hakan Maras  Bahadir Aktug  Suleyman Sirri Maras 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(4):324

In this study, the geometric accuracy comparison of aerial photos and WorldView-2 satellite stereo image data is evaluated with the different number and the distribution of the ground control points (GCPs) on the basis of large scale map production. Also, the current situation of rivalry between airborne and satelliteborne imagery was mentioned. The geometric accuracy of Microsoft UltraCam X 45 cm ground sampling distance (GSD) aerial imagery and WorldView-2 data both with and without GCPs are also separately analyzed. The aerial photos without any GCP by only using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data with tie points give an accuracy of ±1.17 m in planimetry and ±0.71 m in vertical that means nearly two times better accuracy than the rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) of stereo WorldView-2. Using one GCP affects the accuracies of aerial photos and WorldView-2 in different ways. While this situation distorts the aerial photo block, it corrects the shift effect of RPC in WorldView-2 and increases the accuracy. By using four or more GCPs, ½?pixel (～0.23 m) accuracy in aerial photos and 1 pixel (～0.50 m) accuracy in WorldView-2 can be achieved in horizontal. In vertical, aerial photos have 1 pixel (～0.55 m) and WorldView-2 has 1.5 pixels (～0.85 m) accuracy. These results show that Worldview-2 imagery can be used in the production of class I 1:5000 scale maps according to the ASPRS Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data in terms of geometric accuracy. It is concluded that the rivalry between aerial and satellite imagery will continue for some time in the future.  相似文献   

Constraints on unconsolidated pyroclastic flow sediments related REE enrichments originated from potassic-alkaline Gölcük stratovolcano: Darıdere-Direkli-Yakaören (DDY) table 4deposits,southwestern Anatolia of Turkey     

Budakoglu  Murat  Unluer  Ali Tugcan  Doner  Zeynep  Kocaturk  Huseyin  Kaya  Mustafa  Kumral  Mustafa  Kirikoglu  M. Sezai 《中国地球化学学报》2021,40(6):926-944

Acta Geochimica - In the last five decades, Rare Earth Elements (REE) are mostly produced from carbonatite complexes and alkaline magmatic environments. In this respect, pyroclastic flows produced...  相似文献   

Desertification,famine, and the 1988 rainfall —     

Prof. Dr. Mustafa M. Khogali 《GeoJournal》1991,25(1):81-89

The 1988 good rainy season in the Sudan raised the hopes that desertification/land degradation and shortage of food so markedly observed in Western Sudan have been elevated. This was particularly so as large quantities of grains were produced in the mechanized rain-fed agricultural schemes in the clay plains of Eastern Sudan. But the field work carried by the author in the Umm Ruwaba district of Kordofan region in July/August 1989 shows that, although there has been some improvement in the crop production situation, desertification/land degradation and shortage of food produced locally are still prevailing in the district. The people are still living below the poverty line, but they are able to cope because of remittances from members of the families working abroad and because of donations of food by some world organizations.  相似文献   

A conjugate strike-slip fault system within the extensional tectonics of Western Turkey     

Mustafa Aktar  Hayrullah Karabulut  Serdar Özalaybey  Dean Childs 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(3):1363-1375

Three main shocks M-1, M-2 and M-3 (17 October 2005 at 05:45 UTC, M _w 5.4; 17 October at 09:46 UTC, M _w 5.8 and 20 October at 21:40 UTC, M _w 5.9) and their associated aftershocks within the Gulf of S i ğac i k, 50 km southwest of Izmir, Turkey were studied in detail. A temporary seismic network deployed during the activity allowed the hypocentre of M-3 and subsequent aftershocks to be determined with high accuracy. A relative relocation technique was used to improve the epicentres of M-1 and M-2. All three main shocks have strike-slip mechanisms which agree with the linear trends of the aftershock locations. Two distinct zones were illuminated by the aftershock locations. The zones contain clear echelon patterns with slightly different orientations from the trend of the aftershock distribution. M-2 and M-3 ruptured along of the eastern rupture zone which aligns N45°E. However the strike direction of M-1 is not clearly identified. The alignment of the two rupture zones intersect at their southern terminus at an angle of 90°. The fault zones form conjugate pair system and static triggering is considered as a probable mechanism for the sequential west to east occurrence of M-1, M-2 and M-3. This earthquake sequence provides seismological evidence for conjugate strike-slip faulting co-existing within a region dominated by north–south extension and well-developed east–west trending normal faults.  相似文献