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11.
Teresita Betancur Carlos Palacio Jorge Ignacio Gaviria María Rueda 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(1):315-328
Interaction between vulnerability and contaminating charge was used in order to determine the groundwater contamination danger. The result of danger being adapted to the scale of impact on human or animal health and ecosystems is known as “risk”. Index and overlapping methodologies such as EPNNA, DRASTIC, SINTACS, GOD AVI, and Ekv were used and compared to evaluate vulnerability. Contaminating charge to the subsoil, which is generated from specific human activity, has four characteristics: kind of contaminant, means of disposal, intensity, and duration. Interaction among these characteristics obtains a Contaminating Charge Index. In the Bajo Cauca Antioqueño region, over 150,000 inhabitants require ground water for meeting their basic needs at home, for cattle breeding activities, and for irrigation. For this region, an assessment of the groundwater contamination of the free aquifer, as well as an estimation of its impact and the danger this contamination may pose to ecosystems or communities has been performed. Analysis of the interaction between vulnerability and threat allows for the creation of danger and risk maps. 相似文献
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Sediment resuspension in two adjacent shallow coastal lakes: controlling factors and consequences on phosphate dynamics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Inmaculada de Vicente Luis Cruz-Pizarro Francisco J. Rueda 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(1):21-31
A combination of field measurements, modelling and laboratory experiments was used to evaluate the potential impact of sediment
resuspension on phosphorus (P) dynamics. The study was carried out in two adjacent shallow coastal lakes (Lake Honda and Lake
Nueva) which, due to their geographic proximity (only 200 m apart), are subject to equal meteorological forcing and represent
ideal systems to study how morphometry and sediment properties relate to wind events. The focusing factors (a measure of the
fluxes of sediment into the water column through resuspension) estimated by comparing settling fluxes measured in surface
sediment traps with those measured in bottom traps, were significantly larger (approximately 34% larger) in Lake Honda (LH;
1.18) than in Lake Nueva (LN; 0.88). Our model estimates of resuspension fluxes (E) were also ca. 40% larger in LH than in LN, in agreement with the observed focusing factors. The larger resuspension fluxes
encountered in LH, in comparison with LN, can mainly be explained by differences in lake morphometry. Still, they could arise
from differences in grain size distribution or in benthic algae concentration encountered in the lake sediments. By means
of adsorption experiments in the laboratory, we show that resuspension events will have different effects on P-dynamics in
LH and LN. While the resuspended material from LH tends to adsorb phosphate (PO4
3−), removing it from the water column, in LN the resuspended sediments tend to increase the availability of PO4
3− in solution. These differences arise from (1) higher concentrations of PO4
3− in water in LH compared to LN; and (2) larger PO4
3−adsorption capacity of the LH sediments as a result of the more abundant iron oxyhydroxides and clay. 相似文献
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The molluscan macrofauna living in shallow muddy bottoms with the green algae Caulerpa prolifera was studied monthly between February 1994 and January 1996 in the inner Bay of Cádiz (SW Spain). The molluscan assemblage followed a similar pattern over the 2 years, displaying seasonal trends in species richness, abundance and structure. During the autumn and winter months, a decrease in abundance, species richness and diversity and an increase in evenness occurred. During the spring and summer months, the molluscan assemblage was characterised by an increase in species richness, abundance and diversity. These seasonal trends were supported statistically by the presence of significantly different groupings of seasonal samples in multivariate analyses.Despite human impacts in the bay (e.g. aquaculture activities, sewage), the presence of repetitive seasonal trends, based on the qualitative and quantitative data, indicates the stability of the molluscan assemblage over 2 years. Benthic characteristics from the inner Bay of Cádiz, such as shallow soft bottoms with the presence of macrophytes and current dynamics, seem to be key factors influencing the composition and seasonality of this molluscan assemblage. 相似文献
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Information coming from fishery monitoring, surveys and experimental fishing with participation of fishers was employed to determine the impact of an artisanal gear, ‘boliche’, on the biodiversity of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), an estuarine lagoon on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Fishery monitoring (catch data) included landings before (1968 and 1978) and after (1994–1996) the introduction of the boliche in the CGSM (1985), whereas surveys were conducted seasonally during 1993–1994. Fishing experiments involved evaluating different mesh sizes and the short-term effect of physical disturbance by the boliche. Monitoring suggested potential trophic effects of this fishing gear: the catch of large, long-lived, carnivorous species declined after the introduction of the boliche in the CGSM, whereas catch rates of smaller, shorter-lived, and lower trophic level species increased. Surveys revealed that the boliche retained 41 species. The by-catch made up 62% of the total catch and the remaining 38% involved the three target species Eugerres plumieri, Mugil incilis and Cathorops spixii. Selectivity experiments showed that 2.5 in. stretched mesh size gill nets caught more species than the 3.0-in. mesh. The smaller mesh also increased the risk of a critical reduction in the spawning stock of target species (notably E. plumieri); a situation that could affect the fish community if mesh sizes lower than 2.5 in. were intensively used. Suspended particulate matter significantly increased after fishing activity, with higher resuspension on mud-shells and mud substrata, whereas dissolved oxygen showed no appreciable changes after fishing operations. Notwithstanding, the activity of the boliche would generate sediment resuspension between 382 and 470 t day−1, which could lead to potential cascade impacts on water quality. We propose a framework of redundancy in management measures in order to simultaneously reach management and conservation goals. 相似文献
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Astronomy Reports - I discuss some most recent theoretical and observational results on the inner engine of the high-energy (GeV) emission of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), within the context of the... 相似文献
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R. Moradi R. Ruffini C. L. Bianco Y.-C. Chen M. Karlica J. D. Melon Fuksman D. Primorac J. A. Rueda S. Shakeri Y. Wang S. S. Xue 《Astronomy Reports》2018,62(12):905-910
In this work we study a role of baryon load and interstellarmediumdensity to explain the nature of peaks in the ultra-relativistic prompt emission (UPE) phase of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). We study the behavior of their Γ Lorenz factor fromthe moment of transparency all the way up to interstellarmedium. We finally study the characteristic of equitemporal surfaces in the UPE phase. 相似文献
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Alejandro Graciano Antonio Jesús Rueda Francisco Ramón Feito 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(10):1999-2022
This paper presents a formal framework for the representation of three-dimensional geospatial data and the definition of common geographic information system (GIS) spatial operations. We use the compact stack-based representation of terrains (SBRT) in order to model geological volumetric data, both at the surface and subsurface levels, thus preventing the large storage requirements of regular voxel models. The main contribution of this paper is fitting the SBRT into the geo-atom theory in a seamless way, providing it with a sound formal geographic foundation. In addition we have defined a set of common spatial operations on this representation using the tools provided by map algebra. More complex geoprocessing operations or geophysical simulations using the SBRT as representation can be implemented as a composition of these fundamental operations. Finally a data model and an implementation extending the coverage concept provided by the Geography Markup Language standard are suggested. Geoscientists and GIS professionals can take advantage of this model to exchange and reuse geoinformation within a well-specified framework. 相似文献
20.
Spatial distribution of phytoplankton cells in small elongated lakes subject to weak diurnal wind forcing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Javier Vidal Anna Rigosi Andrea Hoyer Carmelo Escot Francisco J. Rueda 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(1):83-99
The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton in a medium-size canyon type reservoir, forced by weak winds of 3–4 ms?1, is largely driven by the interaction of the large-scale circulation and processes regulating the vertical distribution of algal cells in the water column. These drivers, in turn, are subject to diurnal variations, making our understanding of the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton a challenging task. A three-dimensional physical-–ecological model is used to understand the spatial distribution of algae and the role of diurnal variations in the physical–biological drivers. The model was used to demonstrate that the large-scale circulation induced during the day is more efficient generating patchiness than the circulation existing at night, when convectively driven turbulence homogenizes the upper layers. Different spatial distributions develop for different populations and under different forcing scenarios, characterized in terms of the directionality of wind forcing, wind magnitude and the lags between winds and diel heat fluxes. The time scales needed so that algal biomass in the surface exhibit significant longitudinal gradients—T P —will vary depending on the algal group, and its ability to regulate its vertical position. These scales are shorter for those species that either migrate actively in the water column or exhibit positive buoyancy (Cryptophytes or Positive buoyant algae). In El Gergal, these scales T P are on the order of a few days. Synoptic changes in the meteorological forcing, like the passing of a front, could potentially change the longitudinal distribution of algal biomass if they persist for periods of time longer than T P . 相似文献