Enhanced bed load sediment transport by unsteady flows in a degrading channel     

Zhijing Li  Honglu Qian  Zhixian Cao  Huaihan Liu  Gareth Pender  Penghui Hu 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(3):327-339

Laboratory flume experiments were done to investigate bed load sediment transport by both steady and unsteady flows in a degrading channel. The bed, respectively composed of uniform sand, uniform gravel, or sand-gravel mixtures, always undergoes bulk degradation. It is found that both uniform and non-uniform bed load transport is enhanced greatly by unsteady flows as compared to their volume-equivalent steady flows. This enhancement effect is evaluated by means of an enhancement factor, which is shown to be larger with a coarser bed and lower discharges. Also, the fractional transport rates of gravel and sand in non-uniform sand-gravel mixtures are compared with their uniform counterparts under both steady and unsteady flows. The sand is found to be able to greatly promote the transport of gravel, whilst the gravel considerably hinders the transport of sand. Particularly, the promoting and hindering impacts are more pronounced at lower discharges and tend to be weakened by flow unsteadiness.  相似文献   

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR UNSTEADY SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

ZHANG Hongwu  HUANG Yuandong  ZHAO Lianjun Department of Hydraulic Engineering  Tsinghua University  Beijing  China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research  Zhengzhou  China 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(2)

1 INTRODUCTIONMany mathematical models for sediment transport have been developed for solving practical Problemsin hydraulic engineering. HoweveT, most of them are not able to simulate the hyper-concentratd flows inthe Lower Yellow Xiver because of the extremely high load concentration of the flows. This paper isdevoted tO the simulation of unsteady sediment trallsport in the Lower Yellow mveLIn this paPer, the riverbed deformation equation is modified and the new expressions for sedi…  相似文献   

MODELING UNSTEADY TURBIDITY CURRENTS IN A STEEP NARROW RESERVOIR     

Shaohua Marko HSU  Associate Professor  Dr. Department of Hydraulic Engineering  Feng Chia University  Taichung  Taiwan  China Wei-Sheng YU Environment Section  Agricultural Engineering Research Center  Chungli  Taiwan  China Tzu-Ming LIU Graduate stu 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)

1.IN~DUCTIONTurbiditycurrentisoneclassofflowsnameddensitycurrentorgravitycurrent(therHunterRouse(Yih(1980)),whichdePictstheintmsionofheaVyfluidintoalighterone.Usually,thedensitydifferencebetWeentWonuidisrelativelysmallandmixingacrosstheimerfaceoccurs.ThedrivingforceofdensitycurrentsisnotdensitydifferenceitselfbutthedifferenceinspeCmcweights.Turbiditycurrentisnamedwhenthedensitydifferenceisespeciallycausedbysuspendedfinesedimentparticles.Sincesediment-ladenflowcaninteraCtwiththelowerbou…  相似文献   

渗渠取水法在地下水资源评价中的应用     

牛世臣 《吉林地质》1992,11(2):79-81

本文以一处小型水源地开采现状为实例,介绍了用渗渠取水法计算埋深浅、含水层厚度薄的地下水开采量的方法,可以获得最大限度的开采资源。特别实用在有季节性河流的地区。  相似文献   

Comparison of LIMPET contra-rotating wells turbine with theoretical and model test predictions     

M Folley  R Curran  T Whittaker 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(8-9):1056-1069

The performance of the contra-rotating Wells turbine installed in the LIMPET wave power station is compared to the predicted performance from theoretical analysis and model tests. A reasonable agreement was found between the predicted and measured turbine damping characteristic, however the turbine efficiency was found to be poorly predicted. It is postulated that this is due to the unsteady nature and mal-distribution of flow through the LIMPET turbine, which were not considered in the predictions. It is suggested that the reduced performance of the contra-rotating Wells turbine makes biplane or monoplane Wells turbines with guide vanes better solutions for OWC's.  相似文献   

RATIONAL BASIS FOR SUSPENDED SEDIMENT MODELING   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jianjun ZHOU  Biniiang LIN  Bingnan LIN Prof  Dept. of Hydraulic Eng.  Tsinghua University  Beijing  P.R. China  Senior Lecturer  School of Eng.  Cardiff University  Queen''''s Buildings  P.O.Box  Cardiff  CF EW  UK  Dir. Emeritus  China Inst. of Water Resources  Hydropower Res.  Formerly  Chief of Sedimentation Panel for TGP  Chairman Emeritus of Advising Council  IRTCES  P.O. Box.  Beijing  P.R. China   《国际泥沙研究》2003,18(3)

This paper presents a rational basis to model the transport of suspended sediment. The loose-boundary condition for 3D models and the adjustment coefficients for both the depth-integrated 2D and laterally integrated 1D models are treated comprehensively. A combination of Dirichlet and Neumann conditions is proposed as the loose-boundary condition. The adjustment coefficient for 2D models is obtained on the basis of the proposed boundary condition and analytical solutions developed for some simple cases of non-equilibrium transport of sediment in uniform flows. The adjustment coefficient for 1D models for natural rivers is further obtained from lateral integration. Comparisons with analytical solutions and a considerable amount of laboratory and prototype data show that mathematical models developed along the proposed line of attack would well simulate the transport of suspended sediment in practical problems.  相似文献   

A marching in space and time (MAST) solver of the shallow water equations. Part I: The 1D model     

C. Aricò  T. Tucciarelli 《Advances in water resources》2007

A new approach is presented for the numerical solution of the complete 1D Saint-Venant equations. At each time step, the governing system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is split, using a fractional time step methodology, into a convective prediction system and a diffusive correction system. Convective prediction system is further split into a convective prediction and a convective correction system, according to a specified approximated potential. If a scalar exact potential of the flow field exists, correction vanishes and the solution of the convective correction system is the same solution of the prediction system. Both convective prediction and correction systems are shown to have at each x − t point a single characteristic line, and a corresponding eigenvalue equal to the local velocity. A marching in space and time (MAST) technique is used for the solution of the two systems. MAST solves a system of two ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in each computational cell, using for the time discretization a self-adjusting fraction of the original time step. The computational cells are ordered and solved according to the decreasing value of the potential in the convective prediction step and to the increasing value of the same potential in the convective correction step. The diffusive correction system is solved using an implicit scheme, that leads to the solution of a large linear system, with the same order of the cell number, but sparse, symmetric and well conditioned. The numerical model shows unconditional stability with regard of the Courant–Friedrichs–Levi (CFL) number, requires no special treatment of the source terms and a computational effort almost proportional to the cell number. Several tests have been carried out and results of the proposed scheme are in good agreement with analytical solutions, as well as with experimental data.  相似文献   

利用非平衡态温度测井数据估算地温梯度          下载免费PDF全文

王力峰  陆敬安  沙志彬  梁金强 《地质科学》2014,(3):864-873

掌握真实地温梯度对于深入了解易受温压场控制的天然气水合物赋存状态具有重要意义。在南海天然气水合物钻探区获取的地温梯度主要以海底表层的热流探针方式为主,由于海底表层尚未压实,地层物理属性多呈现高渗透性,易受到海底底流影响,导致了部分地温梯度无法推算到较深地层。而另一方面,井下原位温度测量虽然可获取真实的地温梯度,但其经济成本昂贵并且时效性低。为此本研究依据天然气水合物钻探井位单一非平衡态温度测井数据和钻井进程,在前人的数学模型基础上,尝试现场快速恢复地层地温梯度的操作,并利用有限的原位地温梯度进行对比分析。研究结果表明,该方法在一定程度上具有适用性,当测井温度变化率在较均匀层段（例如A-B段）,根据测井进程可大致估算具有参考意义的原始地温梯度。但应用该方法时也须谨慎,避免使用测井温度变化率在非均匀的数据段（例如B-C段）,因为模型中受到数学条件而忽略的多种不确定因素的权重,在外部参数环境波动较大时有可能增加,从而减弱了模拟过程中时间因子的主要作用量。  相似文献   

One-dimensional numerical simulation of non-uniform sediment transport under unsteady flows   总被引：16，自引：9，他引：7  

Hongwei FANG  Minghong CHEN  Qianhai CHEN 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(4):316-328

One-dimensional numerical models are popularly used in sediment transport research because they can be easily programmed and cost less time compared with two- and three-dimensional numerical models. In particular, they possess greater capacity to be applied in large river basins with many tributaries. This paper presents a one-dimensional numerical model capable of calculating total-load sediment transport. The cross-section-averaged sediment transport capacity and recovery coefficient are addressed in the suspended load model. This one-dimensional model, therefore, can be applied to fine suspended loads and to hyperconcentrated flows in the Yellow River. Moreover, a new discretization scheme for the equation of unsteady non-uniform suspended sediment transport is proposed. The model is calibrated using data measured from the Yantan Reservoir on the Hongshui River and the Sanmenxia Reservoir on the Yellow River. A comparison of the calculated water level and river bed deformation with field measurements Shows that the improved numerical model is capable of predicting flow, sediment transport, bed changes, and bed-material sorting in various situations, with reasonable accuracy and reliability.  相似文献   

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ON NAVIGATION-INDUCED BED SHEAR STRESSES AND SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION     

M.H GARCIA  D.M. ADMIRAAL  J.F. RODRIGUEZ 《国际泥沙研究》1999,(2)

IINTRODUCTIONDependingonflowandoperatingconditions,navigationtrafficmaycausesignificantresuspensionofdepositedsediment.Jnanumberofsituationsresuspensionofdepositedsedimentcanhavesevereenvironmentalrepercussions.Forinstance,ifthesedimentcontainscontaminants,thecontaminantsmaybereentrainedwiththesediment,taintingthewaterquality(Erdmannetal.,1994).Inothersituations,..evedincreasesintheamountofcleansuspendedsedimentcanbedetrimentalforaquaticplantsandanimals(Garcfaetal.,1998).Inordertoassesst…  相似文献