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11.
行为地理学的方法论与微观人地关系研究范式 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
自20世纪60年代行为主义革命以来,人文地理学研究开启了微观个体视角的探索,逐渐形成了具备典型微观人地关系研究范式的行为地理学研究。然而,当前研究对微观人地关系的探索仍然存在不足,理论上呈现宏观和微观尺度割裂的态势,已经成为限制微观人地关系理论发展和指导实践的主要障碍。因此,论文在总结当今行为地理学方法论进展的基础上,从本体论和认识论的角度梳理了区域主义、实证主义、行为主义、人本主义和结构主义等不同理论思潮下人地关系研究范式的基本特征,通过对比宏观和微观人地关系研究范式的差异,认为行为地理学研究范式具有探索微观人地关系的理论与方法论基础,可通过建立与其他研究范式的接口,立足人地关系研究微观化的基本内涵和目标,重构微观研究的人地观与方法论,并搭建从微观到宏观的跨尺度研究范式,以期为行为地理学和微观人地关系的发展给予启示。 相似文献
12.
利用合肥新一代天气雷达资料对2003年7月8日夜间发生在安徽庐江和无为县的龙卷过程进行了简要的分析。7月8日夜间至9日凌晨，与一条自西向东移动的、被包裹在大片层状雨区中的带状对流(飑线)相联系，先后有4个径向速度场上明显的小尺度涡旋特征出现在飑线的前沿。其中一个小尺度涡旋特征持续了大约2小时30分，先后在庐江和无为县产生了龙卷。特别是在无为产生的龙卷，造成了严重的生命和财产损失，其级别为F2～F3，属于较强龙卷。分析表明，此次龙卷为非超级单体龙卷，在反射率因子图上几乎没有任何特征，而在径向速度图上呈现为明显的小尺度涡旋特征，说明新一代天气雷达的使用大大增强了对龙卷的探测能力。 相似文献
13.
为揭示微尺度膜下滴灌农田土壤水盐的空间变异特性,通过大田试验,采用经典统计和地质统计方法,研究了3种微尺度（0.25 m、1 m和4 m）和不同土层深度棉田土壤水盐的空间变异性,并确定其合理取样数。结果发现,3种微尺度下,土壤含水量的变异强度为中等偏弱,其变异性随尺度增大而增强,随深度增加呈先增强后减弱趋势。土壤含盐量的变异强度为中等偏强,其变异性随尺度增大而增强,随深度增大呈先减弱后增强趋势;3种尺度和不同深度条件下,土壤含水量和含盐量的半方差函数大部分可采用高斯模型模拟,且精度较高;样品的合理取样数为367个。研究结果可为制定膜下滴灌土壤水盐的监测方案和调控措施提供理论指导。 相似文献
14.
随着中国城市化进程的加快,城市人口的大规模集聚带来了住房紧张的问题,房价政策制定的时效性与正确性也时刻吸引着社会的关注,因此在微观尺度下对房价进行精细化制图变得愈发重要。由于数据可获取性和现有模型精度的限制,目前已有研究均较少涉及微观尺度。本研究通过将房价数据和遥感影像相融合,构建了一种基于卷积神经网络（CNN）和随机森林（RF）的遥感影像挖掘模型,以实现在不考虑其他数据的情况下,精确、合理地进行房价的微观尺度制图。本文以武汉市作为研究区,在仅有房价数据和遥感影像的情况下,利用本文所构建的模型成功得到武汉市中心城区5 m精度的精细房价图。此外,还利用其他数据源以及挖掘技术与本文所构模型进行了对比分析。结果显示,本文所构建的模型获得了最高的房价模拟拟合优度（R2=0.805）,相比传统方法中的最高拟合优度（R2=0.653）其精度提升了23.28%,其制图结果可为政府部门规划决策及武汉市经济分布研究提供基础支撑。 相似文献
15.
2012年庆阳市一次短时大暴雨的诊断 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
庆阳市2012年7月21日区域性大暴雨创造了环县1957年建站以来的历史极值,导致了人民财产的重大损失。本文利用常规资料、自动站等探测资料以及历史相似个例,对2012年7月21日庆阳市出现的区域性大暴雨天气进行分析。结果表明：（1）高空低槽伴随地面冷锋东移,受西太平洋副热带高压的阻挡移动缓慢,副高、大陆高压不断加强,造成贝加尔湖冷空气在两高之间大量堆积,为这场大暴雨发生奠定了基础;（2）2012年第8号台风“韦森特”登陆前,台风低压和副热带高压之间形成的强气压梯度导致通向庆阳市的南风低空急流建立并加强,为此次大暴雨的发生提供了充分的水汽条件;（3）在高空槽前正涡度平流的作用下,对流层中低层出现明显的辐合,产生强烈上升运动,低层暖湿气流抬升促使对流不稳定能量爆发,从而形成局地强对流和暴雨;（4）导致庆阳区域性大暴雨的中尺度对流系统起源于河套地区低层涡旋的发展,在中尺度涡旋向东北和向东扩展过程中,尺度明显增大,整个系统低层具有明显的气旋性切变和气旋性涡度,在有利的环境条件下整个中尺度对流系统的东移和发展壮大,最终导致庆阳市区域性大暴雨的发生。 相似文献
16.
ERIC LAJEUNESSE LUCE MALVERTI PIERRE LANCIEN LAWRENCE ARMSTRONG FRANCOIS MÉTIVIER STEPHEN COLEMAN CHARLES E. SMITH TIMOTHY DAVIES ALESSANDRO CANTELLI GARY PARKER 《Sedimentology》2010,57(1):1-26
The interaction of flow with an erodible bed in alluvial rivers and deep‐sea channels gives rise to a wide range of self‐formed morphologies, including channels, ripples, dunes, antidunes, alternate bars, multiple‐row bars, meandering and braiding. As the flow is invariably turbulent in field manifestations of these morphologies, there has been a tendency to assume that turbulence is necessary for them to form. While turbulence undoubtedly has an important influence when it is present, it is not necessary for any of these features. Indeed, all of these features can be formed by the morphodynamic interaction of purely laminar or nearly laminar flow with an erodible bed. This paper provides a survey and synthesis of a wide range of laminar or near‐laminar flow analogues of morphologies observed in the field. Laminar‐flow analogues of turbulent‐flow morphologies cannot and should not be expected to satisfy dynamic similarity in terms of all relevant dimensionless parameters. What is of more significance is the convergence of the underlying physics. It is illustrated in this paper that many existing theoretical frameworks for the explanation of turbulent‐flow morphodynamics require only relatively minor modification in order to adapt them to laminar flows. 相似文献
17.
The upper millimeters of sediments are considered major locations of microbial colonization and activity. The goal of our study was to investigate variations of microbial communities in the uppermost sediment layers of the coastal Baltic Sea with emphasis on the complex interplay between microbiology and physico‐chemical sediment properties. We selected a high‐resolution methodological approach that combined the cryolanding sampling technique (spatial resolution of 250 μm) with microsensor‐, spectrophotometric and microscopic analyses. While the oxygen penetration depths in dark conditions ranged from 1.4 mm to 2.6 mm during the study period, this zone expanded by about 1 mm in light and could be divided into three micro‐horizons: (i) an upper zone with a high net O2 production, (ii) an intermediate zone with increased O2 consumption on account of light‐stimulated respiration and (iii) a lower zone with lower O2 consumption. Time‐series experiments revealed a rapid response of the benthic microbial community to altered light intensities. In May and July, the net O2 budget in the porewater of sediments was positive within 35 and 22 min after illumination, respectively, whereas in June O2 production exceeded O2 consumption after 112 min. The thickness of the O2 production and O2 consumption micro‐zones decreased from May to July coinciding with an increase in temperature. In May, sites of enhanced O2 consumption were closely associated with subsurface maxima of microbial numbers and enzymatic activities indicating a tight coupling between photoautotrophic and heterotrophic processes between 1‐ and 2‐mm depth. In June and July, the microbial abundance and enzymatic activity hardly varied with depth. Spatial and temporal microheterogeneity of microbial distribution and activity in O2 gradients was seen as a reflection of the complex interplay between microbiology and physico‐chemical sediment properties. 相似文献
18.
YUAN Yeli & HUA Feng . Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China . Key Laboratory of Marine Science Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China . Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(4):549-554
Up to now the finest synthetic aperture radar(SAR) sea surface image is still the state-of-art oceanimage provided by the satellite microwave remotesensing due to its high spatial resolution and dynamicremote sensing mechanism. Early in 1978, Valenzueladerived the analytical representation of SAR image(backscaterring cross section distribution) on the tem-porally stationary and locally homogeneous assump-tion[1] σ0 (θ)IJ = 4πkm cos4θ gIJ (θ) E0(k,0), (1) (1) … 相似文献
19.
Long‐term aggradation of the Waiho River, South Westland, New Zealand, has now raised the head of its alluvial fan to unprecedented elevations. In its natural state the river would, like all other major rivers in the area, be somewhat incised into its fanhead. The only relevant factor able to account for the aggradation is the presence of control banks (‘stopbanks’ in local parlance) that restrict the ability of the river to move over the whole of its natural fanhead. A 1 : 3333 scale physical hydraulic model (a ‘microscale’ model) was used to study this situation. An alluvial fan was generated in the model and allowed to develop to equilibrium with steady inputs of water and sediment within boundaries geometrically similar to those of the natural unrestricted Waiho River. The boundaries were then altered to represent the presence of the stopbanks, and the fan allowed to continue evolving under the same water and sediment inputs. The model fanhead aggraded in a spatial pattern similar to that recorded on the Waiho. Taking into consideration the limitations of microscale modelling, these results indicate that the aggradation in the Waiho is a result of the lateral restriction of the river by stopbanks. This poses fundamental questions about the variables that control the behaviour of alluvial fans. The results also suggest that microscale modelling can be used to make reliable quantitative predictions of the effects of engineering works on rivers, in spite of the low level of dynamic similarity with the prototype compared to that in larger‐scale models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
The presence and extent of small scale vertical structure in dissolved oxygen were investigated in a tropical Australian lake. At a 9 m deep site an extremely high oxygen patch appeared near the bottom boundary. Light levels reaching the bottom boundary during the life of the patch exceeded 10 µEinst m–2 s–1. The patch remained for 1.5 h before gradually reaching ambient oxygen levels. The patch's disappearance coincided with decreasing light levels during the late afternoon. Differences in the extent of oxygen vertical patchiness between deep (16 m) and shallow (9 m) sites were also observed. At the deep site, the distribution of oxygen steps over the water column coincided largely with the distribution of temperature steps. This indicates the dominance of physical processes at that site. At the shallow site, marked vertical patchiness in oxygen was observed with no similar patchiness in temperature. This indicates the prevalence of biological and chemical processes. 相似文献