排序方式： 共有34条查询结果，搜索用时 115 毫秒
11.
A portable erosion device (ERIS) was deployed in November 2000 and May 2001 to investigate the spatio-temporal variation of fine-grained sediment erosion over a transect on the intertidal mudflats of Marennes-Oléron Bay, western France. The objective was to relate changes in bed erodability over diurnal emersion periods to bioturbation, rapid changes in sediment characteristics, and microphytobenthos biomass. 相似文献
12.
Suspended sediment fluxes at an intertidal flat: The shifting influence of wave,wind, tidal,and freshwater forcing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using in situ, continuous, high frequency (8–16 Hz) measurements of velocity, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and salinity, we investigate the factors affecting near-bed sediment flux during and after a meteorological event (cold front) on an intertidal flat in central San Francisco Bay. Hydrodynamic forcing occurs over many frequency bands including wind wave, ocean swell, seiching (500–1000 s), tidal, and infra-tidal frequencies, and varies greatly over the time scale of hours and days. Sediment fluxes occur primarily due to variations in flow and SSC at three different scales: residual (tidally averaged), tidal, and seiching. During the meteorological event, sediment fluxes are dominated by increases in tidally averaged SSC and flow. Runoff and wind-induced circulation contribute to an order of magnitude increase in tidally averaged offshore flow, while waves and seiching motions from wind forcing cause an order of magnitude increase in tidally averaged SSC. Sediment fluxes during calm periods are dominated by asymmetries in SSC over a tidal cycle. Freshwater forcing produces sharp salinity fronts which trap sediment and sweep by the sensors over short (∼30 min) time scales, and occur primarily during the flood. The resulting flood dominance in SSC is magnified or reversed by variations in wind forcing between the flood and ebb. Long-term records show that more than half of wind events (sustained speeds of greater than 5 m/s) occur for 3 h or less, suggesting that asymmetric wind forcing over a tidal cycle commonly occurs. Seiching associated with wind and its variation produces onshore sediment transport. Overall, the changing hydrodynamic and meteorological forcing influence sediment flux at both short (minutes) and long (days) time scales. 相似文献
13.
14.
渤海3个河口区底栖硅藻群落的时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
底栖硅藻是河口泥滩系统中的重要初级生产者，其群落结构的时空变化可显著影响到河口底栖动物生产力。本研究选取渤海区域的大辽河口、汉沽河口和黄河口为研究对象，分析了泥滩中底栖硅藻群落结构的季节变化特征(2014?2016年)与空间差异，并探讨了环境因素的影响作用。结果表明，3个河口区底栖硅藻多样性和生物量高峰均出现在秋季，优势种存在显著季节演替特征；在空间上，大辽河口和汉沽河口的底栖硅藻生物量显著高于黄河口。底栖硅藻群落结构与多种环境因子的相关性分析表明，温度和营养盐浓度变化对底栖硅藻群落的季节性特征影响显著；河口沉积物的粒径、潮差与径流量可能是造成底栖硅藻群落空间差异的重要因素，黄河口较低的底栖硅藻生物量显著受限于较粗的沉积物粒径和显著的磷限制。 相似文献
15.
Lisanne Braat Jasper R. F. W. Leuven Ivar R. Lokhorst Maarten G. Kleinhans 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(2):417-432
Human interference in estuaries has led to increasing problems of mud, such as hyper-turbidity with adverse ecological effects and siltation of navigation channels and harbours. To deal with this mud sustainably, it is important to understand its long-term effects on the morphology and dynamics of estuaries. The aim of this study is to understand how mud affects the morphological evolution of estuaries. We focus on the effects of fluvial mud supply on the spatial distribution of mudflats and on how this influences estuary width, depth, surface area and dynamics over time. Three physical experiments with self-forming channels and shoals were conducted in a new flume type suitable for tidal experiments: the Metronome. In two of the experiments, we added nutshell grains as mud simulant, which is transported in suspension. Time-lapse images of every tidal cycle and digital elevation models for every 500 cycles were analysed for the three experiments. Mud settles in distinct locations, forming mudflats on bars and sides of the estuary, where the bed elevation is higher. Two important effects of mud were observed: the first is the slight cohesiveness of mud that causes stability on bars limiting vertical erosion, although the bank erosion rate by migrating channels is unaffected. Secondly, mud fills inactive areas and deposits at higher elevations up to the high-water level and therefore decreases the tidal prism. These combined effects cause a decrease in dynamics in the estuary and lead to near-equilibrium planforms that are smaller in volume and especially narrower upstream, with increased bar heights and no channel deepening. This trend is in contrast to channel deepening in rivers by muddier floodplain formation. These results imply large consequences for long-term morphodynamics in estuaries that become muddier due to management practices, which deteriorate ecological quality of intertidal habitats but may create potential area for marshes. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Chirananda De 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):79-95
Formation of burrow-head mud volcanoes by the mud-loving amphibious crab Uca marionis (Alcock) selectively on the either sides of estuary mouths along the Bay of Bengal coast, eastern India, requires peculiar substratal and biological conditions where soft muddy bottom sediments of the coastal mudflats are covered by a thin blanket of relatively rigid beach sands that provide a false substrate stability. Shallow-seated mud layers, being within the substrate penetration power, allow opportunistic burrowing by the crab and consequent oozing out of internal mud slur to form conical heaps of mud resembling volcanic cones. Removal of this thin sand cover prompts very fast erosion of the bottom mud and consequent widening of the estuary mouth and rapid beach erosion. A thick and rigid sand cover restricts deeper burrowing by the crabs. Uca marionis mud volcanoes, by virtue of limited power of vertical penetration down to required muddy substrate and requirement of special substrate conditions and geomorphic position along the coastal zone, are considered as unique ichnological tools that readily identify and precisely demarcate highly unstable or erosion-prone beach sectors, and thus help in planning, protection and execution of various coastal developmental programs. Wide zoogeographic distribution of Uca in tropical-subtropical sea coasts greatly enhances the application potential of this new ichnological tool. Fossilized biogenic mud volcanoes in post-Jurassic geologic records would ease taxonomic identification of the ancient trace producers and coastal marine palaeogeomorphic interpretations. 相似文献
17.
江苏淤泥质海岸入海河道闸下淤积研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过建立ARIMA模型,分析了江苏淤泥质海岸四条入海河道(射阳河、新洋港、斗龙港和黄沙港)建闸后闸下河道的冲淤演变过程,预测闸下河道淤积量的变化情况。结果表明,射阳河闸下淤积量将会持续增加,到2010年预计量可达2.47×107m3,淤积量为四条河中最大;黄沙港和斗龙港有波动上升的趋势,但无射阳河明显,淤积量有小幅度增加;新洋港变化不大,已达到冲淤平衡的状态。 相似文献
18.
Nathalie Malet Pierre-Guy Sauriau Mireille Ryckaert Pascale Malestroit Gael Guillou 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
The aim of this study was to distinguish between sources of the complex variety of Marennes-Oléron Bay suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) contributing to the tropho-dynamics of the Marennes-Oléron oyster farming bay. Basic biomarkers (Chl a, C/N and POC/Chl a ratios), carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes from SPOM were analyzed and the microalgae community was characterized. The sampling strategy was bimonthly from March 2002 to December 2003; samples were taken from an intertidal mudflat. Four main sources contributed to the SPOM pool: terrigenous input from rivers, neritic phytoplankton, resuspended microphytobenthos and periodic inputs from intertidal Zostera noltii meadows. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in both years of the study period: (1) SPOM collected in the spring of 2002 (δ13C = −25‰ to −23‰) was mainly composed of fresh estuarine inputs; (2) SPOM from the summer and fall of 2002 and 2003 was predominantly neritic phytoplankton (δ13C = − 22‰ to −19‰); (3) SPOM from the winter of 2002, spring of 2003 and winter of 2003 (δ13C = −21 to −23‰) was composed of a mixture of decayed terrigenous river inputs and pelagic phytoplankton, which was predominantly resuspended microphytobenthos. In the summer of 2003—the warmest summer on record in southern France and Europe—SPOM was particularly enriched for 13C, with δ13C values ranging from −14‰ to −12‰. Pulses in δ13C values, indicative of 13C-enriched decaying materials, extended into the fall. These were attributed to benthic intertidal inputs, including both resuspended microphytobenthos and Z. noltii detritus. Changes in SPOM sources in Marennes-Oléron Bay may lead to differences in the quality of the trophic environment available for reared oysters. 相似文献
19.
长江三角洲泥质潮坪沉积间断的定量分析 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
现场观测获得了长江口开敞型泥质潮坪不同时间尺度的沉积速率及层偶保存率。每天观测结果表明，单个层偶的保存率约为46．6％。随着观测时间间隔的增大保存率迅速减小,大小潮周期内层偶保存率降为9．2％，季节性观测层偶保存率为3．7％。现代长江三角洲建造一个完整的潮坪沉积层序约需96a。百年尺度潮坪层序层偶的保存率仅为0．74％，99．26％的潮汐周期由于侵蚀或无沉积而没有纹层保存下来，形成间断。因此，沉积间断占潮坪层序的比例应为99．26％。沉积速率和沉积时间之间存在对数线性负相关，拟合直线的斜率为－0．39，由此推导出潮坪层序的完整性计算公式为C＝（t^*/t)^ 0.39。虽然对泥质潮坪沉积中沉积间断的估计有很大的不确定性，但它是从现代沉积过程观测中得到的，可以帮助我们更深入地认识古代潮坪沉积的特征及其成因，并突出沉积间断在潮坪沉积层序中的重要性。 相似文献
20.
Francesca Rossi 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(4):285-296
Abstract. Availability of food in the sediment can play an important role in determining the dynamics of deposit feeders. Generally the abundance of deposit feeders during winter and spring is related to an increase in the nutritive value of the sediment due to the concurrent microalgal peaks. This work investigated, in 1998, the seasonal variability patterns in the nutritive value of the sediment and in the abundance of two polychaetes, Desdemona ornata (Sabellidae: Fabriicinae) and Perinereis cultrifera (Nereididae), that probably feed on benthic microalgae. Previously, in 1997, these two species were abundant in winter and spring. During that winter, the amount of chlorophyll a in the sediment was quite variable due to grazing activities. Three manipulative field experiments were carried out in winter and spring (January, March and April 1998) to test the hypothesis that increasing the amount of chlorophyll a increases the nutritional value of the sediment and the abundance of Perinereis cultrifera and Desdemona ornata . The results indicated that the patterns of variability for these species and for chlorophyll a were similar to those observed in 1997. In plots where microalgal growth was stimulated experimentally, Perinereis cultrifera increased in January and Desdemona ornata increased in January and March. The role of food in regulating the abundances of Perinereis cultrifera and Desdemona ornata is discussed. 相似文献