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11.
Lichun LIU Yuting CHEN Kuanyu CHEN Jyhyih LEU Tsungkwei LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):67-67
High concentrations of arsenic and humic substances in groundwater from the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan were well known for their probable relationships with black-foot disease. In order to realize the relationships between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic in this area, 24 well water samples were analyzed. After filtered through 0.45 μm glass fiber membrane in the field, samples were kept in the dark at 4℃ and then separated into six fractions with varying range of molecular weight （〈0.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 5-10, 10-50 and 〉50 k Da） by ultrafiltration apparatus （Molecular/Por Stirred Cell system） in the lab. Concentrations of humic substances were measured by fluorescence spectrometer （HITACHI F-2000, ex=370, em=445） and arsenic by FIAS-AA （Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 100, FIAS-400）. On average, only 6.2% of the total arsenic in water existed in the fraction of 〉0.5 k Da. and the others were complexed with humic substances （including humic acid and fulvic acid）. The results demonstrated a distinct positive correlation between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic. 相似文献
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The diffusion of an ion in porewaters cannot occur independently of the other ions in solution as a result of Coulombic coupling, as well as from other effects not considered here. Unfortunately, a longstanding disagreement exists about the correct form and meaning of the equations that describe Coulombic coupling in porewaters, i.e., Ben-Yaakov [Am. J. Sci. 281 (1981) 974] vs. Lasaga [Am. J. Sci. 281 (1981) 981]. This paper re-examines this controversy by reformulating the problem starting from fundamental concepts of mass and charge conservation. We show that these antagonistic formulations are both valid and, in fact, equivalent, when the different interpretations of charge balance are resolved. Most of the disagreements between Ben-Yaakov and Lasaga are then shown to result from differing methods of solution, not fundamental disparities in their models. We note, however, that the explanation for the concept of “stationary” gradients of nonreacting ions as given Ben-Yaakov is inaccurate, and such gradients do lead to diffusive fluxes that are counterbalanced by electrochemical migrational fluxes to produce no net flux (excluding advective flux). We further find that the bicarbonate diffusive flux will not balance the diffusional charge flux of sulfate during its reduction if advection is present. This latter imbalance generates compensating fluxes in the other nonreacting ions. We have applied our theory to a simplified case of sulfate reduction in a marine sediment. The results show that nonreacting ions do diffuse and that with normally expected values of porewater advection, the ratio of the bicarbonate to the sulfate flux can be far different than the ideal value of −2. 相似文献
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于2013年10~11月和2014年5~6月调查测定了东海陆架区海水中二甲亚砜(DMSO)的浓度,探讨了溶解态二甲亚砜(DMSOd)和颗粒态二甲亚砜(DMSOp)的水平和垂直分布、季节变化及其影响因素;此外,对沉积物间隙水中DMSOd的浓度以及表层海水中不同粒径的DMSOp和叶绿素a(Chl a)进行了分析。结果显示,秋季和夏初表层海水中DMSOd和DMSOp的平均浓度分别为(10.52±7.16)、(8.99±6.34)nmol·L^-1和(17.51±9.90)、(16.96±10.73)nmol·L^-1,存在明显的季节差异。秋季表层海水中DMSOp的高值区出现在Chl a较低的远岸海域,而夏初表层海水中DMSO的浓度从近岸到远海逐渐降低。间隙水中DMSOd的浓度明显高于底层海水中DMSOd的浓度,说明沉积物中存在DMSO的生产释放,可能是底层海水DMSO的重要来源。此外,粒径分布结果表明较大微型浮游植物(5~20μm)是秋季东海表层海水中DMSOp的主要贡献者。 相似文献
14.
The Effect of Macrofauna on Porewater Profiles and Nutrient Fluxes in the Intertidal Zone of the Humber Estuary 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
R. J. G. Mortimer J. T. Davey M. D. Krom P. G. Watson P. E. Frickers R. J. Clifton 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1999,48(6):683
Macrofauna, nutrient fluxes, porewater chemistry and sediment characteristics were measured at six intertidal mudflat sites in the Humber Estuary, U.K., during the different seasons. Nereis diversicolor , Macoma balthica and Corophium volutator were found to be the dominant macrofauna. Salinity was the baseline control on macrofauna distribution but this was overprinted by periodic impoverishment due to sediment mobilization. High resolution gel probe porewater samplers provided direct evidence for the impact of burrows on porewater chemistry. The macrofauna modified nutrient fluxes during periods of mud flat stability. Nereis caused a decrease in silicate and phosphate effluxes but enhanced ammonia release and nitrate uptake. Macoma enhanced ammonia and nitrite release. The impact of Corophium was not possible to discern. The Humber is a large, highly dynamic macrotidal estuary in which sediment resuspension has a large impact on porewater profiles, nutrient fluxes and macrofaunal communities. Simple patterns and inter-relationships which are seen in small sheltered estuaries are not observed in the Humber. 相似文献
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A new mimic biological Semi-permeable Membrane Device (SPMD) introduced for sampling organic pollutants yielded satisfactory results when it was frrst used as a passive sampler to concentrate and determine 16 kinds of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by means of capillary GC on an HP 5890 GC-FID in coastal sediment perewater. The concentration of PAHs in sediment porewater for naphthalene(N), acenaphthlene(AL), acenaphthene (AE), fluorene (F), phenaphthene(P), anthracene(A), fluoranthene(FA), pyrene(Py), benzo[a]anthracene(B[a]A), chrysene(Chr), benzo[b] fluor- anthene(B[b]F), benzo[k]fluoranthene(B[k]F), benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P),indeno[1,2,3,-cd]-Pyrene(I[123]P), dibenz[a,h]anthracene(D[ab]A) and benzo[g,h,i] perylene(B[ghi]P) were:50.36, under detection limits(UD), 18.19, 8.41, 8.40, 1.44, UD, 8.01, 524.15, 168.47, 50.13,123.66, 63.48, 27.40, 82.04 and 58,81 ng/L, respectively. 相似文献
16.
海岸泥沙起动的力学机理十分复杂。首先理论分析了波浪作用下床面泥沙颗粒所受的主要作用力,然后将上举力和有效重力分别与渗流力进行比较分析。计算结果表明渗流力随着波高的变化其方向也发生向上或向下的变化,渗流力与上举力和有效重力之间存在着相位差,不同粒径的泥沙在一个周期内均有一时段渗流力远大于上举力;对于渗透系数小的细颗粒泥沙,渗流力远大于泥沙颗粒的上举力和有效重力。进一步通过水槽试验分析了不同波浪参数作用下孔隙水压力梯度对泥沙起动的影响,试验结果表明波浪渗流力对海床细颗粒泥沙的起动有着重要作用,特别是在分析长周期波浪作用下细颗粒泥沙起动规律时,需考虑波浪引起的渗流力影响。 相似文献
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贵州省草海表层水体和沉积物间隙水中汞的含量和形态分布初步研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
运用金汞齐-冷原子荧光光谱法(CVAFS)和气相色谱技术(GC),对贵州省草海不同水文季节(枯水期和丰水期)表层水中汞的各种赋存形态,包括总汞(HgT)、溶解态汞(HgD)、活性汞(HgR)、颗粒态汞(HgP)、总甲基汞(MeHgT)、溶解态甲基汞(MeHgD)和颗粒态甲基汞(MeHgP)以及沉积物间隙水剖面中的溶解态总汞和甲基汞含量进行了测定.结果显示:草海表层水体总汞浓度为1.7-9.0ng/L,活性汞浓度为0.06-1.4ng/L,总甲基汞浓度为0.11-0.67ng/L.沉积物间隙水中溶解态汞浓度为8.6-39.6ng/L,溶解态甲基汞浓度为0.11-4.9ng/L.实验数据表明,草海湖水以溶解态汞为主,其占总汞的比例为枯水期87%,丰水期51%,溶解态汞与总汞呈显著相关(丰水期P<0.01;枯水期P<0.05),颗粒态汞与总汞也呈显著相关(丰水期P<0.01;枯水期P<0.05).溶解态甲基汞与总甲基汞呈显著相关(丰水期P<0.01;枯水期P<0.05),表明溶解态甲基汞控制总甲基汞的分布.沉积物间隙水溶解态汞与溶解态甲基汞浓度明显高于上覆水体,表明沉积物为草海湖水中汞的一个重要来源. 相似文献
19.
Saltmarshes are one of the most productive ecosystems, which contribute significantly to coastal nutrient and carbon budgets. However, limited information is available on soil nutrient and carbon losses via porewater exchange in saltmarshes. Here, porewater exchange and associated fluxes of nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) in the largest saltmarsh wetland(Chongming Dongtan) in the Changjiang River Estuary were quantified. Porewater exchange rate was estimated to be(37±35) cm/d during December 2017 using a radon(~(222)Rn) mass balance model. The porewater exchange delivered 67 mmol/(m~2·d), 38 mmol/(m~2·d) and 2 690 mmol/(m~2·d) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), dissolved silicon(DSi) and DIC into the coastal waters,respectively. The dominant species of porewater DIN was NH_4~+ (99% of DIN). However, different with those in other ecosystems, the dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) concentration in saltmarsh porewater was significantly lower than that in surface water, indicating that saltmarshes seem to be a DIP sink in Chongming Dongtan. The porewater-derived DIN, DSi and DIC accounted for 12%, 5% and 18% of the riverine inputs, which are important components of coastal nutrient and carbon budgets. Furthermore, porewater-drived nutrients had obviously high N/P ratios(160–3 995), indicating that the porewater exchange process may change the nutrient characteristics of the Changjiang River Estuary and further alter the coastal ecological environment. 相似文献
20.
Yongjie Hu Chunfang Cai Dawei Liu Chelsea L. Pederson Lei Jiang Anjiang Shen Adrian Immenhauser 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1161-1187
Neoproterozoic marine dolomite cements represent reliable, albeit complex, archives of their palaeoenvironment. Petrological and high-resolution geochemical data from well-preserved fibrous dolomite and pyrite in the upper Ediacaran (ca 551·1 to 548·0 Ma) Dengying Formation in south-west China are presented and discussed here. The aim of this research is to reconstruct the redox state of late Ediacaran shallow seawater and porewater in the Sichuan Basin using early marine diagenetic fabrics. Based on crystalline texture and axis, four basic types of fibrous dolomite cements formed penecontemporaneously in a microbialite reef setting at the platform margin: (i) bladed dolomites (replacement from a high-Mg calcite precursor); (ii) fascicular fast dolomites (replacement from an aragonitic precursor); (iii) fascicular slow dolomites; and (iv) radial slow dolomites. The latter two fabrics are considered direct marine porewater precipitates due to their length-slow character, cathodoluminescent zonation, and enriched copper and cobalt concentrations. Marine cements yield rare earth element and yttrium patterns comparable to modern seawater and represent a refined set of archive data relative to previously published bulk dolostones. Redox-sensitive elements and cathodoluminescence indicate that the fascicular fast dolomites formed in suboxic seawater, while fascicular slow and radial slow dolomites formed in euxinic marine porewaters. Microbial sulphate reduction during the formation of fascicular slow and radial slow dolomites is recognized by nanometre-scale spheroidal ankerite and sulphur-containing dolomite, and intergrown pyrite grains with U-shaped δ34S transects. Data shown here suggest predominantly suboxic shallow late Ediacaran seawater and euxinic marine porewaters, with microbial activity promoting the direct precipitation of dolomite. 相似文献