Resource recovery and remediation of highly alkaline residues: A political-industrial ecology approach to building a circular economy     

《Geoforum》2017

Highly alkaline industrial residues (e.g., steel slag, bauxite processing residue (red mud) and ash from coal combustion) have been identified as stocks of potentially valuable metals. Technological change has created demand for metals, such as vanadium and certain rare earth elements, in electronics associated with renewable energy generation and storage. Current raw material and circular economy policy initiatives in the EU and industrial ecology research all promote resource recovery from residues, with research so far primarily from an environmental science perspective. This paper begins to address the deficit of research into the governance of resource recovery from a novel situation where re-use involves extraction of a component from a bulk residue that itself represents a risk to the environment. Taking a political industrial ecology approach, we briefly present emerging techniques for recovery and consider their regulatory implications in the light of potential environmental impacts. The paper draws on EU and UK regulatory framework for these residues along with semi-structured interviews with industry and regulatory bodies. A complex picture emerges of entwined ownerships and responsibilities for residues, with past practice and policy having a lasting impact on current possibilities for resource recovery.  相似文献   

相山铀矿田矿石有用共生组分研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林锦荣  胡志华  王勇剑  王峰 《铀矿地质》2017,(6):340-345

相山铀矿田是我国目前规模最大的火山岩型热液铀矿田,其发育碱交代型铀矿化和酸交代型铀矿化两种矿床类型。笔者通过对该矿田主要酸交代型铀矿床的物质组分研究,发现其矿石中富含Th、Mo、HREE、Y等多种有用组分,且含量普遍可达综合利用品位;有用组分主要以独立矿物、类质同像形式存在,主要赋存于铀矿体的矿化中心带富矿石中,与铀为同空间富集。因此认为,相山铀矿田酸交代型矿床的矿石中,Th、Mo、HREE、Y与铀密切相关,矿物具有共生关系;应重视Th、Mo、HREE、Y等有用组分的综合利用评价。  相似文献   

敞开酸溶-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定钨矿石和钼矿石中微量元素   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

黄光明  蔡玉曼  王冰  乔爱香  高孝礼  江冶 《岩矿测试》2013,32(3):431-435

钨矿石和钼矿石具有丰富的共生或伴生元素,检测共生或伴生元素的含量有利于矿产资源的综合利用.在国家标准方法中钨矿石和钼矿石的共生或伴生元素含量是按元素分别检测,效率很低.本文在敞开体系中用盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸消解样品,以7％盐酸溶解盐类,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定钨矿石和钼矿石中铋、钴、铜、锂、镍、磷、铅、锶、钒、锌等10种微量元素.选定了各元素的分析谱线和光谱级次,采用离峰背景校正法消除背景干扰,干扰元素校正系数法消除元素间的谱线重叠干扰.方法检出限为1.43 ～ 18.8 μg/g,加标回收率为90％ ～ 110％.经钨矿石和钼矿石标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值基本吻合,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)小于8％.该方法克服了碱熔引入大量碱金属元素以及可能引入杂质的缺陷,又不用处理钨酸和钼酸沉淀,能快速测定钨矿石和钼矿石中微量共生或伴生元素.  相似文献   

干旱区工业共生网络优化研究——以新疆石河子市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯琳  孙宝生 《干旱区地理》2009,32(6)

立足资源和环境约束,对干旱区工业共生过程中链条的设计、水资源的优化利用进行了定性探讨,提出两个观点:干旱区需在确定支柱产业和重点行业的基础上再进行纵向主导产业链与横向耦合共生链的设计;通过促进农业节水用于工业、工业共生反哺农业、提高工业重复用水率来解决工业用水不足的矛盾。继而运用模糊数学建立了多目标模糊优化模型,对共生网络的优化进行了定量研究。所建模型以共生网络经济效益、社会效益、资源效益和环境效益的综合最优作为目标函数,以非线性的相对优属度作为权重系数,将资源瓶颈、环境污染排放总量控制目标等作为约束条件,来求解多目标问题,既科学表达了共生系统的复杂性,又充分体现了工业共生追求经济-环境双赢的内涵。实例应用则表明以上思路、模型与方法具有理论价值和实践意义。  相似文献   

我国东北地区某些荒芜土地的景观生态建设   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

景贵和 《地理学报》1991,46(1):8-15

我国东北地区荒芜土地的主要问题是:①土地自然生产力得不到充分发挥;②土地退化。本文根据景观生态学关于人与自然共同创造的思想及生物控制共生与自然界等级组织理论,主张在东北区域的沙地上建立林、草、田复合生态系统,在沙垅间长洼地上节节修筑沙坝,控制7—8月暴雨径流,再按不同生境种植水稻、芦苇及红麻,既适应环境,又提高生产力。  相似文献   

Can light intensity cause shifts in natural product and bacterial profiles of the sponge Aplysina aerophoba?          下载免费PDF全文

Oriol Sacristán‐Soriano  Bernard Banaigs  Mikel A. Becerro 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(1):88-105

The potential role of microbial consortia on sponge chemistry is well known. However, how environmental factors affect microbial and chemical profiles and how these shifts affect the sponge holobiont are far from being understood. This study experimentally investigated the effect of light on both the concentration of secondary metabolites and the bacterial assemblages of the sponge Aplysina aerophoba. We quantified major brominated alkaloids (BAs) using a high‐performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a UV‐detector and analysed sponge‐associated bacteria using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. We identified distinct chemical and bacterial profiles between the ectosome and the choanosome of A. aerophoba. The abundance of most secondary metabolites increased regardless of the illumination regime. We found that the probability of occurrence of three microbial phylotypes (operational taxonomic units 84, 86 and 87) was strongly associated with increasing concentrations of three brominated compounds (aerophobin‐1, aplysinamisin‐1 and isofistularin‐3). Although the role of these bacteria remains uninvestigated, these associations between natural products and specific microbial phylotypes outline further hypotheses that will improve our understanding of the organization and functioning of these complex host–symbiont interactions.  相似文献   

Symbiodinium (internal transcribed spacer 2) diversity in the coral host Agaricia lamarcki (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) between shallow and mesophotic reefs in the Northern Caribbean (20–70 m)          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew Q. Lucas  Michael Stat  Matthew C. Smith  Ernesto Weil  Nikolaos V. Schizas 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(5):1079-1087

This study investigated differences in Symbiodinium diversity in the scleractinian coral species Agaricia lamarcki between shallow (20–25 m) and mesophotic (50–70 m) depths in the Northern Caribbean. Corals were sampled in each of four shallow sites (20–25 m; n = 18) and three mesophotic sites (50–70 m; n = 18) from Mona Island (Puerto Rico) and the US Virgin Islands during a mesophotic exploratory cruise and from the La Parguera shelf edge, off Southwestern Puerto Rico. Symbiodinium diversity was assessed using internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Clustering resulted in eight clade C OTUs and one clade D OTU. Of these, there were three common Symbiodinium OTUs consisting of C3 and D1a.N14 in shallow reefs and C11.N4 in mesophotic reefs. Statistical tests (permutational multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of similarity) showed significant differences between clade C Symbiodinium OTUs in A. lamarcki colonies located at shallow and mesophotic depths, indicating symbiont zonation. Symbiodinium diversity in A. lamarcki from the Northern Caribbean is comparable to previous reports in the Southern Caribbean for this species. This is the first report of the thermal tolerant species Symbiodinium trenchii (D1a) in A. lamarcki.  相似文献   

Partial Carbon and Energy Budgets of the Bacteriosponge Verohgia fistularis (Porifera: Demospongiae) in Barbados     

Henry M.  Reiswig 《Marine Ecology》1981,2(4):273-293

Abstract. The major in situ physiological activities of the common, tropical, West Atlantic demosponge Verongia (= Aplysina) fistularis were determined in order to relate the carbon and energy budgets of this species to the two contrasting patterns documented for bacteriosponges (sponges harbouring large symbiotic bacterial populations) and non-bacteriosponges (sponges lacking such large bacterial populations and considered "normal" sponges). Measurements of specimen dimensions and exhalant water velocity, and samples of exhalant water were obtained from undisturbed field specimens for estimation of rates of water transport, respiration and particulate organic carbon retention. Partial carbon and energy budgets were developed from calculated rates of particulate feeding, respiration and growth. The bacteriosponge, V. fistularis , is very similar to Verongula sp., another bacteriosponge, in terms of high respiration rate, 5.33% of available oxygen being removed during a single-pass water transit, and gross imbalance in particulate carbon and energy budgets, particulate sources supplying only 14% of respiration and growth requirements. The nutrient resource spectrum of Verongia fistularis and other bacteriosponges appears to be overwhelmingly dominated by dissolved organic matter, and thus contrasts strikingly with the present knowledge of nutrition in the normal non-bacteriosponges.  相似文献   

The Association of Ophiothrix lineata and Callyspongia vaginalis: A Brittlestar-Sponge Cleaning Symbiosis?     

Gordon  Hendler 《Marine Ecology》1984,5(1):9-27

Abstract. The relationship between a sponge, Callyspongia vaginalis, and an associated brittlestar, Ophiothrix lineata, was examined for mutualistic symbiotic interaction. Cinematography, feeding experiments, and analyses of stomach contents reveal that O. lineata (unlike other Ophiothrix species) is a non-selective deposit feeder. Its diet consists of detrital particles adhering to the sponge, which are too large to be utilized by the sponge as food. Thus, the brittlestar cleans the inhalent surface of the sponge as it feeds. Since siltation interferes with sponge pumping-activity, it is suggested that the cleaning behavior of O. lineata may enhance the filtration capability of C. vaginalis. In situ elapsed-time films show that brittlestars expose their arms when they feed, suggesting that they feed only at night because of a need to avoid diurnal predators. Manipulative experiments show that residence in C. vaginalis protects O. lineata from predatory fish. A comparison of the incidence of arm regeneration for brittlestars residing on C. vaginalis, and on a toxic sponge, Neofibularia nolitangere, indicates that factors other than sponge toxicity are involved in protecting sponge-dwelling brittlestars.  相似文献   

In situ Bicarbonate Uptake by Bacteria-Alvinella Associations     

A. M. Alayse-Danet  F. Gaill  D. Desbruyeres 《Marine Ecology》1986,7(3):233-240

Abstract. Three species of Alvinellidae are found on walls of some hydrothermal chimneys at 13^o N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR); numerous epibiotic bacteria were associated with two of these polychaetes, Alvinella pompejana and Alvinella caudata , but not with the third, Paralvinella grasslei. Many studies suggest that chemoautotrophic bacteria play a prominent role in deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems. Particularly important are the intracellular bacteria present in the giant pogonophores and bivalve molluscs.
The abundant epibioses observed on these Alvinella species are unusual and the relationships between these bacteria and the worms are unknown. Previous results, including ¹³C values, morphological insertion of the bacteria on the epidermis, presence of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase, and fixation of ¹⁴C bicarbonate in some bacteria and in the dorsal epidermis, suggest that a trophic relationship could exist between Alvinella and its epibiotic bacteria. The present study compared the incorporation area of ¹⁴C bicarbonate in the 3 species. Paralvinella , which is devoid of epibiotic bacteria, served as a control.  相似文献