频率域海洋可控源电磁垂直各向异性三维反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

彭荣华  胡祥云  李建慧  刘亚军 《地球物理学报》2019,62(6):2165-2175

地层宏观电性各向异性会对可控源电磁响应产生重要影响.由于海底地层电性结构常表现为电导率各向异性，若仅对海洋可控源电磁（MCSEM）数据进行常规各向同性反演，有可能无法获得准确的反演解释结果，从而削弱MCSEM技术的可靠性.本文实现了电导率垂直各向异性（VTI）条件下频率域海洋可控源电磁数据三维反演算法.其中，三维正演采用基于二次场控制方程的交错网格有限体积法，并利用直接矩阵分解技术来求解离散所得的大型线性方程组，有利于快速计算多场源的响应.反演采用具有近似二次收敛性的高斯牛顿算法对目标函数进行最优化.最后，对具有VTI电性各向异性特征的盐丘构造模型的MCSEM合成数据分别进行了电导率各向同性和垂直各向异性三维反演，结果表明：各向同性三维反演算法无法对受VTI介质影响的MCSEM数据进行正确的反演解释，而垂直各向异性三维反演能够获得更为可靠的地下电阻率结构和异常体分布，展现出对海底电性各向异性结构更为优良的反演解释能力.  相似文献   

Stormwater control impacts on runoff volume and peak flow: A meta-analysis of watershed modelling studies     

Colin D. Bell  Jordyn M. Wolfand  Chelsea L. Panos  Aditi S. Bhaskar  Ryan L. Gilliom  Terri S. Hogue  Kristina G. Hopkins  Anne J. Jefferson 《水文研究》2020,34(14):3134-3152

Decades of research has concluded that the percent of impervious surface cover in a watershed is strongly linked to negative impacts on urban stream health. Recently, there has been a push by municipalities to offset these effects by installing structural stormwater control measures (SCMs), which are landscape features designed to retain and reduce runoff to mitigate the effects of urbanisation on event hydrology. The goal of this study is to build generalisable relationships between the level of SCM implementation in urban watersheds and resulting changes to hydrology. A literature review of 185 peer-reviewed studies of watershed-scale SCM implementation across the globe was used to identify 52 modelling studies suitable for a meta-analysis to build statistical relationships between SCM implementation and hydrologic change. Hydrologic change is quantified as the percent reduction in storm event runoff volume and peak flow between a watershed with SCMs relative to a (near) identical control watershed without SCMs. Results show that for each additional 1% of SCM-mitigated impervious area in a watershed, there is an additional 0.43% reduction in runoff and a 0.60% reduction in peak flow. Values of SCM implementation required to produce a change in water quantity metrics were identified at varying levels of probability. For example, there is a 90% probability (high confidence) of at least a 1% reduction in peak flow with mitigation of 33% of impervious surfaces. However, as the reduction target increases or mitigated impervious surface decreases, the probability of reaching the reduction target also decreases. These relationships can be used by managers to plan SCM implementation at the watershed scale.  相似文献   

Mapping 3D visibility in an urban street environment from mobile LiDAR point clouds     

Yi Zhao  Jianping Wu  Song Shu  Handong Liang  Min Liu 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(6):797-812

ABSTRACT

Visibility determination is a key requirement in a wide range of national and urban applications, such as national security, landscape management, and urban design. Mobile LiDAR point clouds can depict the urban built environment with a high level of details and accuracy. However, few three-dimensional visibility approaches have been developed for the street-level point-cloud data. Accordingly, an approach based on mobile LiDAR point clouds has been developed to map the three-dimensional visibility at the street level. The method consists of five steps: voxelization of point-cloud data, construction of lines-of-sight, construction of sectors of sight, construction of three-dimensional visible space, and calculation of volume index. The proposed approach is able to automatically measure the volume of visible space and openness at any viewpoint along a street. This approach has been applied to three study areas. The results indicated that the proposed approach enables accurate simulation of visible space as well as high-resolution (1 m × 1 m) mapping of the visible volume index. The proposed approach can make a contribution to the improvement of urban planning and design processes that aim at developing more sustainable built environments.  相似文献   

Primary investigation of statistical correlation between changes in ice volume and area of glaciers     

PuYu Wang  ZhongQin Li  ChunHai Xu  Ping Zhou  WenBin Wang  Shuang Jin  HongLiang Li 《寒旱区科学》2019,11(1):41-49

This study makes an attempt to investigate through statistical analysis the correlation between changes in ice volume and area of glaciers. Using data from nine sample glaciers in the Tian Shan, the results show that a linear relation exists between changes in ice volume and area, with a correlation coefficient of 0.700. However, the accuracy estimation is difficult due to the limited number of samples. The correlation was not improved after adding eleven glacier samples in other mountains. Two reference glaciers are then analyzed in more detail. The linear correlation coefficient is higher than 0.800 when using the observed changes in ice volume and area during different periods on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, which suggests that the linear relation is valid for one glacier for different periods if its shape does not change noticeably and also for other glaciers of the same shape during the same period. The relation between changes in ice volume and area of Qingbingtan Glacier No. 72 is different during different periods due to change in the shape of the glacier tongue and the influence of the debris cover. Moreover, errors in glacier-change monitoring and-volume estimation have an important influence on the correlation results. Therefore, further study needs to focus not only on the distinction between glacier types and between different periods but also on the accuracy of volume estimation.  相似文献   

小体积液液萃取气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中的克百威与3-羟基克百威     

周添  刘菲 《岩矿测试》2021,(3):358-364

克百威和3-羟基克百威是一对典型的农药母体及其代谢产物,由于其水溶性高、毒性大,可通过地表水或地下水进行长距离迁移,对人类健康和环境安全造成危害。以往通常采用液相萃取或固相萃取的方式提取样品中的克百威和3-羟基克百威,但这些方法操作繁琐、耗时较长,不利于室内模拟实验中多组样品的检测。为实现克百威与3-羟基克百威在地下水中的快速定量,本文建立了一种小体积液液萃取的前处理方法进行提取,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)进行检测,对影响克百威和3-羟基克百威萃取效率的因素进行了研究。通过实验对比不同萃取剂、不同pH、不同离子强度条件下克百威与3-羟基克百威的回收率,优化了前处理条件。结果表明,选择二氯甲烷作为萃取剂且用量为1mL,调节水样pH=5,氯化钠用量为40g/L时克百威和3-羟基克百威的回收率最高,分别为75.1%～98.6%、55.0%～66.3%。性能评价结果显示,方法精密度和方法准确度满足测试要求(相对标准偏差10%,n=5),克百威和3-羟基克百威的方法检出限分别为15.3μg/L、10.2μg/L。该方法操作简便、快速、消耗溶剂少,与传统的液液萃取法相比,本方法耗时约为前者的1/8,消耗溶剂量约比前者小2个数量级,能够满足室内模拟实验需求。  相似文献   

岩溶坝基帷幕灌浆高注浆量控制措施与效果分析          下载免费PDF全文

张正雄 《探矿工程》2021,48(7):121-125

帷幕灌浆是坝基防渗处理的一种常用技术手段,而岩溶地区因其岩溶发育致使岩溶裂隙和通道纵横交错,且难以获取其规律性,灌浆过程中往往会出现注浆量偏高的现象。为了能够既有效控制帷幕灌浆成本,又确保帷幕灌浆施工质量,就需要采用科学、合理、可靠的施工技术措施和手段,对高注浆量的情况进行重点控制和改进。本文结合某水电站岩溶坝基帷幕灌浆中突出的高注浆量现象,通过有针对性地从技术措施和控制手段等方面的综合探索与应用,最终达到了坝基防渗的目的,并最大限度地节约了帷幕灌浆的时间,有效控制了高材料消耗所带来的高成本问题,为类似项目的帷幕灌浆积累了一定的经验。  相似文献   

基于立方体元的Shear - warp体绘制加速算法     

周大鑫  周茂林  邹文  鲁才 《物探化探计算技术》2011,33(5):563-567,466

大规模三维地震数据的直接体绘制,是一个计算和数据双重密集型问题.为了提高三维图像的重建效率,提出了一种基于立方体元的Shear- warp地震数据体绘制算法.该算法通过构建立方体元在相邻的体素点之间建立联系;然后根据地震数据的特征对体元进行分类,在绘制过程中通过二叉树索引,快速定位分类结果.通过索引结果,避免了对等值体...  相似文献   

四川盆地南部构造页岩气储层压裂改造技术   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

孙海成  汤达祯 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,(Z1):34-39,68

在调研和学习国内外相关页岩气压裂改造技术的基础上,通过室内实验和研究,对四川盆地南部构造S2井页岩储层岩性特征、孔渗特征、天然裂缝发育特征进行了评价。针对S2井极低渗透率(0.000 18×10-3μm2)、天然裂缝和水平层理较发育,天然裂缝内充填有碳酸盐岩,同时吸附气含量较高、脆性程度高,压裂容易形成网络裂缝的特点,进行了压裂工作液体体系优选和压裂工艺优化,采取了大规模、大排量、大砂量、低砂比、减阻水压裂施工工艺,成功实现了页岩气储层大规模减阻水压裂施工;根据微地震显示,压裂改造体积达到了480×104 m3,具有明显的体积改造特征,获得较好的效果,日产10 000 m3。压后分析数据显示,在页岩气储层中,过长的关井时间有可能影响有限支撑剂铺置的裂缝整体导流能力,最终影响到产量。S2井压裂施工成功标志着国内在页岩气压裂施工工艺、压裂工作液体体系、裂缝监测等方面实现突破。  相似文献   

Deep-sea nematode assemblage has not recovered 26 years after experimental mining of polymetallic nodules (Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, Tropical Eastern Pacific)     

Dmitry M. Miljutin  Maria A. MiljutinaPedro Martínez Arbizu  Joëlle Galéron 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(8):885-897

We investigated nematode assemblages inhabiting the 26-year-old track created by experimental deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules, and two adjacent, undisturbed sites, one with nodules and one without nodules. The aim was to compare density, assemblage structure, and diversity indices in order to assess the process of recovery of the nematode assemblage inhabiting the disturbed site. This experimental dredging was conducted in 1978 by the Ocean Minerals Company (USA) in the area of a French mining claim in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Tropical Eastern Pacific) at a depth of about 5000 m. The nematode assemblage had not returned its initial state 26 years after the experimental dredging: the total nematode density and biomass within the dredging track were significantly lower than outside the track; the biodiversity indices showed significantly lower nematode diversity within the track; and the structure of the nematode assemblage within the track differed significantly from those in the two undisturbed sites outside the track. However, there were no significant differences in the mean body volumes of adult nematodes and adult-juvenile ratios between the track and reference sites. Parameters such as the rate of sediment restoration (which depends on local hydrological conditions) and the degree and character of the disturbance appeared to be of considerable importance for the recovery rate of the deep-sea nematode assemblages and their ability to recolonize disturbed areas. The rates of recolonization and recovery may vary widely in different deep-sea regions.  相似文献   

日本海主要海峡体积输运的季节变化特征     

董津生  徐佳佳 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):13-20

利用变分资料同化技术对P矢量方法进行优化处理,并采用此优化后的P矢量方法优化计算了日本海环流和日本海主要海峡的体积输运.日本海的主要环流系统,比如对马暖流(TWC)及其分支,东朝鲜暖流(EKWC)和日本近岸分支(JNB),极地锋海流(PFC),和日本海中的反气旋式涡,都能够被很好地一一反映出来.另外,优化后的P矢量方法...  相似文献