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藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学主离子特征及其控制因素 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
水化学主离子特征是流域湖泊的一个重要特征,对气候以及河流所经地区的环境具有指示作用.本文对藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学主离子组成特征及其控制因素进行分析,结果显示流域内不同水体(湖水、河水、地下水)之间的主离子组成以及水化学类型差异显著.其中,羊卓雍错的水化学类型为SO24--HCO3--Mg2+-Na+,巴纠错为SO24--Mg2+-Na+,沉错为SO24--Na+-Mg2+-Ca2+,普莫雍错为HCO3--SO24--Mg2+-Ca2+,空姆错为HCO3--SO24--Ca2+;流域河水中主要阴离子为HCO3-和SO24-,Ca2+为绝对优势阳离子;流域地下水化学类型则为HCO3--Ca2+.究其原因,流域水体化学组成主要受岩石风化作用控制;除此,羊卓雍错、巴纠错和沉错水化学组成亦受自身蒸发-结晶作用的影响.就入湖河水而言,羊卓雍错入湖河水整体受碳酸盐岩石风化的影响较大,蒸发岩溶解的影响次之;沉错和空姆错入湖河流(卡鲁雄曲)的蒸发岩来源则略大于碳酸盐岩来源;而硅酸盐对流域内河水的水化学性质影响较小.与入湖河水相比,羊卓雍错和沉错湖水的Mg2+、Na+和SO24-含量较高,而Ca2+和HCO3-含量较低.这应该与湖水蒸发强烈使得湖水中Ca2+和HCO3-析出并沉积到湖底有关.而空姆错由于湖泊面积小、入湖河水流量大,致使其湖水与入湖河水的主离子组成差异不显著. 相似文献
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纳木错流域近30年来湖泊-冰川变化对气候的响应 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19
Based upon the 1970 aero-photo topographic map, and TM/ETM satellite images taken in 1991 and 2000, the authors artificially interpreted boundaries of lake and glaciers in Nam Co Catchment, and quantified lake-glacier area variations in different stages by "inte-grated method" with the support of GIS. Results show that from 1970 to 2000, lake area in-creased from 1942.34 km2 to 1979.79 km2 at a rate of 1.27 km2/a, while glacier area de-creased from 167.62 km2 to 141.88 km2 at a rate of 0.86 km2/a. The increasing rate of lake in 1991-2000 was 1.76 km2/a that was faster than 1.03 km2/a in 1970-1991, while in the same period of time, the shrinking rates of glaciers were 0.97 km2/a and 0.80 km2/a respectively.Important factors, relevant to lake and glacier response to the climate, such as air tempera-ture, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and their values in warm and cold seasons,were discussed. The result suggests that temperature increasing is the main reason for the accelerated melting of glaciers. Lake expansion is mainly induced by the increase of the gla-cier melting water, increase of precipitation and obvious decrease of potential evapotranspi-ration. Precipitation, evaporation and their linkages with lake enlargement on regional scale need to be thoroughly studied under the background of global warming and glacier retreating. 相似文献
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汶川地震房屋倒塌的遥感监测与分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地震灾害中房屋倒塌受害程度表征了地震作用下地面运动的强度大小以及地震灾害造成的人员经济损失状况。2008-05-12汶川大地震震级高达八级,最大烈度接近极限达11(Ⅺ)度,波及区域范围广,造成大面积房屋倒塌。利用航空高分辨率光学遥感图像,基于房屋倒塌的图像目视判读及插值方法获取了大面积受灾区房屋倒塌灾情信息,结合灾区地震烈度和地震地表破裂带相关数据对房屋倒塌受害程度的空间变化特征进行了分析与评价。判明在汶川地震灾区房屋普遍受害,其中以汶川县房屋倒塌受害最重,其次是绵竹市、什邡市、彭州市。房倒率与地震烈度成线性对应关系,房屋倒塌严重区沿龙门山断裂呈西南-东北向分布。 相似文献