A Field Experiment on Dust Emission by Wind Erosion in the Taklimakan Desert   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

YANG Xinghu  HE Qing  ALI Mamtimin  HUO Wen  LIU Xinchun  STRAKE Miriam 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(2):241-249

Dust emission by wind erosion in surface is a serious problem in many arid regions around the world,and it is harmful to the ecological environment,human health,and social economy.To monitor the characteristics of saltation activity and to calculate the threshold wind velocity and sediment discharge under field conditions have significance on the research of dust emission by wind erosion.Therefore,a field experiment was conducted over the flat sand in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.One sampling system was installed on the flat sand surface at Tazhong,consisting of a meteorological tower with a height of 2 m,a piezoelectric saltation sensor(Sensit),and a Big Spring Number Eight(BSNE) sampler station.Occurrence of saltation activity was recorded every second using the Sensit.Each BSNE station consisted of five BSNE samplers with the lowest sampler at 0.05 m and the highest sampler at 1.0 m above the soil surface.Sediment was collected from the samplers every 24 h.It is found that saltation activity was detected for only 21.5% of the hours measured,and the longest period of saltation activity occurring continuously was not longer than 5 min under the field conditions.The threshold wind velocity was variable,its minimum value was 4.9 m s 1,the maximum value was 9.2 m s 1,and the average value was 7.0 m s 1.The threshold wind velocity presented a positive linear increase during the measurement period.The observation site had a sediment discharge of 82.1 kg m 1 over a period of 24 h.Based on hourly saltation counts,hourly sediment discharge was estimated.Overall,there was no obvious linear or other functional relationship between the hourly sediment discharge and wind velocity.The results show that the changes of sediment discharge do not quite depend on wind velocity.  相似文献   

渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲地下水盐化特征及成因分析     

满苏尔·沙比提  吐尔洪·依明 《水文》2009,29(6)

在综合分析大量实测资料和参考资料的基础上,阐明了渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲地下水不同埋深的分布面积、盐化特征、化学类型、补排量、含盐量的时空变化及成因.结果显示:(1)在绿洲平原区,地下水埋深3～6m范围最大,占总面积的39.68%;在灌区地下水埋深1～3m范围最大,占53.03%.在绿洲平原区,地下水矿化度小于1g/L范围最大,占总面积的91.98%;在灌区地下水矿化度小于1g/L的范围最大,占94.81%.从pH值来看,pH值7.5～8.0范围之间的面积最大,占总面积的90.25%.(2)冲积洪积扇北部属于淡水带,水化学类型为HCO_3-Cl-SO_4-Ca-Na;冲积洪积扇中部属于上成下淡水带,水化学类型为SO_4-Cl-Na-Mg;冲积洪积扇南部属于上成下淡水带,水化学类型为Cl-SO_4-Na-Mg.从水质上看,Ⅲ级地下水分布面积最大,占总面积的84.77%,其地下水资源量占61.89%.(3)地下水含盐量在时间尺度上,波动较大,1997、2000、2001年含盐量较高,均为3.7g/L以上,而1998、1999、2006年较低,为3.4g/L左右;在空间尺度上,研究区东部的地下水含盐量高于西部,南部高于北部,东南部高于西北部.(4)可溶性矿物的溶解、地下水水位抬升、强烈的蒸发、降水量的稀少、农业灌溉、化肥的使用是渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲地下水含盐的主要原因.  相似文献   

第一次全国水利普查与全国水文统计年报数据对比分析研究     

李玉山  任小凤 《水文》2012,32(6):73-74,33

通过对第一次全国水利普查中河湖基本情况普查、行业能力建设情况及全国水文统计年报数据的作用、目的、范围、方法和指标体系等进行对比研究,进一步分析了水利普查与统计年报工作的关系,有助于帮助水文统计人员进一步认识和理解水利普查与水文统计年报的工作衔接问题。  相似文献   

Continuous wavelet transform,theoretical aspects and application to aeromagnetic data at the Huanghua Depression,Dagang Oilfield,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yushan Yang  Yuanyuan Li  Tianyou Liu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(4):669-684

We use the continuous wavelet transform based on complex Morlet wavelets, which has been developed to estimate the source distribution of potential fields. For magnetic anomalies of adjacent sources, they always superimpose upon each other in space and wavenumber, making the identification of magnetic sources problematic. Therefore, a scale normalization factor, a^?n, is introduced on the wavelet coefficients to improve resolution in the scalogram. By theoretical modelling, we set up an approximate linear relationship between the pseudo‐wavenumber and source depth. The influences of background field, random noise and magnetization inclination on the continuous wavelet transform of magnetic anomalies are also discussed and compared with the short‐time Fourier transform results. Synthetic examples indicate that the regional trend has little effect on our method, while the influence of random noise is mainly imposed on shallower sources with higher wavenumbers. The source horizontal position will be affected by the change of magnetization direction, whereas the source depth remains unchanged. After discussing the performance of our method by showing the results of various synthetic tests, we use this method on the aeromagnetic data of the Huanghua depression in central China to define the distribution of volcanic rocks. The spectrum slices in different scales are used to determine horizontal positions of volcanic rocks and their source depths are estimated from the modulus maxima of complex coefficients, which is in good accordance with drilling results.  相似文献   

新疆柯坪块体3次M_S≥5地震强震动记录     

热甫克提·阿不力孜  吕桂林 《内陆地震》2010,24(2):168-172

2009年2~4月,柯坪块体先后发生了3次5级地震。新疆地震局布设在南天山西段数字强震动台网获取了这3次地震的主震加速度记录。文中对3次地震加速度记录进行了常规数据处理。按地震动三要素计算了地震烈度,并将计算的烈度与地震宏观考察烈度进行了比较。  相似文献   

VPN技术在新疆地磁台阵中的应用     

孙海军  赵瑞胜  魏斌  阿里木江·麦麦提依明  李琪  吴琼 《内陆地震》2010,24(3):253-259

介绍了新疆地磁台阵的测点分布、测点设备构成情况以及运用VPN技术将地磁台阵观测系统接入地震行业网、VPN网络建设等情况。在新疆地磁台阵中应用VPN技术,实现了地震行业网对地磁台阵设备的远程管理和数据交换,随时获取数据信息,并能够对地震前后观测信息短临变化进行快速跟踪。  相似文献   

相对位置的地上结构对地铁地下结构地震反应的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李方杰  赵凤新  张郁山  尤红兵 《中国地震》2010,26(2)

应用有限元方法和粘弹性人工边界,建立了土-结构动力相互作用体系。对比分析了相对位置上不同的地上结构对地铁地下结构地震反应的影响。分析过程采用平面应变条件下的二维动力时程分析,选择的输入地震时程为Kobe时程。结果表明,地上结构的存在对地铁地下结构的层间相对位移、节点内力等地震反应指标产生了不可忽视的影响;且随着两者相对位置的改变,呈规律性变化。  相似文献   

Insitu Testirig Study of Active Area SOil Pressure of Pile-anchor botection in Deep Pit     

Wu Wen  Wu Yushan 《岩土工程技术》1999,(2)

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干旱区间歇性河流河道两侧地下水运动模型及其求解方法     

阿曼吐尔·哈力克 《地下水》2008,30(5):9-11

由于上中游水资源的过多开发利用,我国西北干旱区有些内陆河下游来水量急剧减少,从以前的常年性河流逐渐转变成现在的间歇性河流,给当地带来了一系列严重的生态环境问题。根据间歇性河流河道充水和停水过程周期性重复出现的水文特征,建立了河道两侧区域地下水运动的一维非稳定流模型,提出了把流量边界条件与水位界条件相互转换来求解模型的一种方法。最后应用上述模型分析西北某内陆河下游间歇性输水条件下河道两侧地区地下水位恢复状况,为输水生态效应的定量评价提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

雄安新区自然资源与环境-生态地质条件分析          下载免费PDF全文

马震  夏雨波  李海涛  韩博  余学中  周亚龙  王雨山  郭旭  李洪强  裴艳东 《中国地质》2021,48(3):677-696

自然资源、环境本底及生态地质条件调查是城市地质调查的基础,可为城市国土空间规划、建设及精细化管理提供有效的基础地质支撑。随着雄安新区城市进程的加快,使得其自然资源与生态环境发生了翻天覆地的变化。本文基于雄安新区综合地质调查成果,明确了雄安新区自然资源与生态环境本底条件,分析了建设周期内自然资源变化趋势,探讨了未来城市建设应关注的自然资源与生态地质问题。结果表明,雄安新区设立后,土地利用类型发生了巨大改变,林地面积增加约58.1 km~2,草地面积增加约2.0 km~2,耕地面积减少68.8 km~2,建设用地增加7.2 km~2,土壤质量以优质和良好为主;雄安新区浅层与深层地下水水位总体呈现从西北部往东南部流动,水位逐渐降低,局部存在地下水降落漏斗,浅层地下水水位埋深一般为5～20 m,以企稳回升为主,深层地下水水位一般为25～35 m,水位下降区占比仍较高;白洋淀湿地动植物资源丰富,水质逐渐好转;地热资源开采利用条件好,全区地热流体可开采热量为10.10×10~(16)J/a,折合标准煤346.03万t/a;应重点关注新区存在的生态环境地质问题如地面沉降及地裂缝、地下水水位变化、砂土液化、坑塘、软弱土等,避免因生态环境地质问题引发工程事故,必要时应采取有效的预防措施。  相似文献