Seasonal statistical analysis of the impact of meteorological factors on fine particle pollution in China in 2013–2017     

Xuewei Hou  Dongdong Fei  Hanqing Kang  Yinglong Zhang  Jinhui Gao 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(2):677-698

Based on long-term PM_2.5 data observed at high temporal and spatial resolution, the relationships between PM_2.5, primary emission, and weather factors in China during four seasons were examined using statistical analysis. The results reveal that primary emission plays a decisive role in the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of PM_2.5, except in western China, where PM_2.5 is controlled by dust weather. In addition to the accumulation of primary emissions, unfavorable meteorological conditions for the diffusion of air pollution lead to the occurrence of PM_2.5 pollution. The significant dynamic factors affecting PM_2.5 concentration are surface wind speed, planet boundary layer height, and ventilation coefficient, especially in winter. The ventilation coefficient is inversely correlated with PM_2.5. Better ventilation is more favorable for the dilution and outflow of local PM_2.5. However, in spring and autumn, ventilation coefficient and PM_2.5 are positively correlated over the southern regions with low emission, indicating that ventilation also affects the inflow of PM_2.5 from outside the region. Wind shear, 850 hPa divergence, and vertical velocity have insignificant effects on the long-term variations in PM_2.5. The significant thermal factor is 850 hPa temperature in winter, except in the Pearl River Delta and Xinjiang regions. In spring, the influence of each thermal factor is weak. In summer, the influences of temperature and humidity are more significant than in spring. In autumn, the influence of humidity is relatively obvious, compared with other thermal factors. The correlation coefficients between multi-factors regressed and observed PM_2.5 concentrations pass the 95% confidence test, and are higher than that of single-factor regression over most regions. The observed data from December 2016 to February 2017 were chosen to test the regression equation. The test result reveals that the regression equation is effective for predicting PM_2.5 concentrations over regions with high primary emission.  相似文献   

Petrology and geochemistry of Early Permian volcanic rocks in South Tian Shan,NW China: implications for the tectonic evolution and Phanerozoic continental growth     

Dongdong Liu  Zhaojie Guo  Marc Jolivet  Feng Cheng  Yan Song  Ziya Zhang 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(3):737-756

Situated in the southwest of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the South Tian Shan (STS) Block is a key area for understanding the final accretion of the CAOB. A suite of volcanic rocks interbedded with continental sediments from the Xiaotikanlike Formation lies along the southwestern edge of the Tian Shan orogen. Laser-ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer U–Pb dating provided a crystallization age of 295.0 ± 2.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.3), suggesting an Early Permian magmatic event. The volcanic rocks show a variable composition, with dominant rhyolites and dacites, subordinate basaltic andesites and few basalts. The felsic rocks are enriched in K and exhibit remarkably negative anomalies in Ba, Sr, Eu, P and Ti. These anomalies associated with their high negative ε _Nd(t) values and old Nd model ages suggest that they are most likely sourced from ancient lower crustal rocks. The mafic rocks are characterized by high Mg#, Cr, Ni contents, negative Nb, Ta anomalies and pronounced enrichment in light rare earth elements as well as mild enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements. The mafic rocks are thus inferred to derive from enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the Xiaotikanlike Formation volcanic rocks indicate that they were generated under a post-collisional regime. Therefore, the final collision between the Tarim Craton and the Kazakhstan–Yili terrane took place before Early Permian, most probably at Late Carboniferous. Differing from other tectonic units of the CAOB, the recycling of ancient lithospheric crust played a significant role in the continental growth of the STS Block.  相似文献   

弯道出流横向流速的衰减长度     

周建银  邵学军  假冬冬  秦翠翠 《水科学进展》2014,25(3):392-400

为研究弯道出流横向流速的衰减规律,通过量纲分析建立了量纲一衰减长度的经验公式,采用系列数值试验的结果率定了该经验公式,分析了各因素影响程度以及衰减长度分布规律,并与理论公式进行了对比。试验发现雷诺数Re和弗劳德数Fr对衰减长度影响极小;衰减长度,横向上凹岸区最大,中间次之,凸岸区最小;垂向上近底区最大,近水面区次之,最小值位于中间。典型理论公式计算的衰减长度的垂向分布,与试验结果定性一致,但由于忽略横比降的影响,导致其在近底区偏小。结果表明:该经验公式考虑因素较理论公式更为全面;衰减长度在不同区域不同;采用相似模型研究弯道出流的环流衰减长度时,需要保证阻力相似,但一定条件下,可以放弃Fr和Re相似。  相似文献   

汶川地震小鱼洞活动断裂氡气异常及其水文地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

高东东  吴勇  陈盟 《水文》2014,34(4):44-49

利用氡气测量的方法标定断裂(裂隙)构造及其开启程度,并反应断裂(裂隙)的水文地质特征是一种有效而且快速的方法。选取小鱼洞活动断裂三个试段进行了氡气(RaA)测量,并利用统计方法对测量数据进行分析,确定研究区氡气的背景值和异常值。根据氡气异常等级对小鱼洞活动断裂开启性进行了划分,并对其水文地质意义进行了讨论。在基岩裂隙地区可用氡气测量技术圈定蓄水构造,从而确定找水的有利孔位。  相似文献   

无线输液报警系统设计     

徐冬冬  郭薇  葛小宇 《南京气象学院学报》2013,5(6):548-552

提出了一种基于MSP430单片机的能够自动实时监控输液状态的无线报警系统.系统采用OPA2335放大来自称重传感器的模拟信号,经ADS7818转换为数字信号;由MSP430单片机监控输液状态,产生报警信息并通过无线发射系统发出;地址匹配的接收端接收到报警信号后显示报警的地址和床位信息等.系统具有体积小、功耗低、传输距离较远的特点,实用性强、性能稳定,有一定的推广价值.  相似文献   

陕北地区中侏罗世延安期古地理特征^*          下载免费PDF全文

王东东  邵龙义  李智学  李兆彬 《古地理学报》2012,14(4):451-460

在系统收集陕北地区中侏罗统延安组野外露头、钻井、测井、古生物等资料的基础上,对延安组沉积期的沉积环境及其层序地层格架进行分析,并恢复了各层序沉积期的岩相古地理格局。将延安组划分为3个三级层序,分层序绘制了关键单因素的等值线图,恢复了各层序沉积期的岩相古地理格局。层序Ⅰ沉积早期主要为河流沉积;随着盆地沉降的加剧,中部地区逐渐变为湖泊沉积,东北部河流沉积演变为三角洲沉积;层序Ⅱ沉积时期基本继承了层序Ⅰ晚期的沉积格局,古地理格局相对较稳定;层序Ⅲ沉积期,盆地基底不断抬升,湖泊逐渐萎缩成局限湖,河流沉积、三角洲沉积分别在研究区中部、东北部大规模发育。  相似文献   

铀对(Ⅱ型)低熟烃源岩生烃演化的影响Ⅱ     

毛光周  刘池洋  张东东  邱欣卫  王建强  刘宝泉  刘静江  曲少东  张参  邓煜  王飞飞 《地质学报》2012,86(11):1833-1840

在油、气、煤、铀多种能源矿产形成演化富集成藏(矿)过程中,有机-无机相互作用是普遍存在的,在有机质的强大吸附作用及其所提供的还原环境为铀的富集成矿起促进作用的同时,铀也改变了烃源岩的生烃演化进程。本文在Ⅱ型低熟烃源岩中加入碳酸铀酰溶液的条件下进行了生烃模拟实验,对比无铀-加铀样品生烃模拟实验产物的相关参数,以探讨油气生成过程中无机铀所起的作用。从实验结果可以看出,铀可以使产物中不饱和烃向饱和烃转化;促进长链烃的裂解,促进低分子量烃类的产生,从而使CH4的含量提高,使生成的烃类的干气化程度增加。铀可以在低温阶段促进有机质的成熟度,降低烃源岩的生烃门限,使低熟烃源岩早期生成烃类;同时在高温阶段阻止有机质过度成熟,利于所生成烃的保存。因而铀可能是未熟-低熟油气生成可能的无机促进因素之一。  相似文献   

歧口凹陷滑脱构造剖析及对油气地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

张东东  刘池洋  黄翼坚 《地质科学》2013,(1):263-274

重力滑脱构造在盆地演化中较为常见,地层或岩体在重力作用下向下方滑动所产生的构造变动存在广泛。歧口凹陷为渤海湾新生代盆地内一个次级构造单元凹陷,其特点是新生代沉积巨厚且构造活动强烈,为重力滑脱和相关构造形成提供了发育条件。按照滑脱面性质的不同,将歧口凹陷的滑脱构造分为3类:地层-断裂复合滑脱、顺层滑脱和断裂滑脱。在该凹陷中选其各自具代表性的构造,如埕北滑脱构造、塘沽新港滑脱构造和大张坨滑脱构造进行结构特征和演化等方面剖析。研究认为,歧口凹陷滑脱构造形成的主控因素为新生代凹陷区快速沉积、凸起带强烈隆升、前第三纪地层的滑移层和热力作用。滑脱构造大多有褶皱和断裂相伴生,其组合方式不同可为油气成藏提供有利条件。  相似文献   

广汉市平原区浅层地下水化学演化及其控制因素   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈盟  吴勇  高东东  常鸣 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(3):831-843

为在广汉市城乡规划过程中提供地下水资源开发利用的基础信息,采用矿物风化系统分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和PhreeQC反向水文地球化学模拟等方法对广汉市平原区的浅层地下水的地下水水化学组分进行分析,确定了浅层地下水的水化学演化及控制因素,完成了地下水资源的质量及时空分布特征分析。分析表明：Gibbs图显示岩石风化主导该区地下水水化学特征,风化过程产生离子和次生矿物又经历水解作用,在矿物风化系统稳定场图中显示水样中铝硅酸盐矿物逐渐趋于溶解,碳酸盐矿物处于饱和状态;PhreeQC反向水文地球化学模拟结果显示在水流模拟路径上主要发生了钙蒙脱石、钾长石溶解和高岭石、石英、钠长石的沉淀,以及Ca-Na₂之间的阳离子交换吸附作用;离子相关性和主成分分析进一步的验证了溶滤作用、蒸发浓缩作用和阳离子交换吸附作用是引起浅层地下水水化学过程和矿物组成改变的主要原因。研究区地下水水质总体不会对人体健康造成不良影响。  相似文献   

黄姑鱼雌核发育的人工诱导及鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐冬冬  楼宝  薛宝贵  史会来  詹炜  马世磊  毛国民 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(2)

采用紫外线（UV）灭活的同源精子通过冷休克抑制第二极体排放诱导黄姑鱼的雌核发育。黄姑鱼精子最适的灭活剂量为420 mJ/cm2,紫外照射剂量与黄姑鱼精子和卵子授精后的受精率及孵化率之间表现出明显的Hertwig效应。多次试验筛选的黄姑鱼雌核发育的最适条件为授精后2min在3℃处理8min。雌核发育仔鱼经形态学和流式细胞仪鉴定为二倍体。进一步利用10对微卫星分析了遗传物质在亲本和子代中的传递情况,结果表明雌核发育后代的等位基因完全来自于母本,没有父本基因参与;雌核发育后代在5个位点微卫星位点具有较高的重组率,使其与母本保持了高度同质性。  相似文献